INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE

Mathematics: analysis and approaches

Math AA

EXERCISES [Math-AA 2.9]

LOGARITHMS
Compiled by Christos Nikolaidis

O. Practice questions

BASIC PROPERTIES OF LOGARITHMS

1. [Maximum mark: 12] [without GDC]

Write down the following values

log 2 1  log 2 2  log 2 16 

log 5 1  log 5 5  log 5 25 

log 3 1  log 3 3  log 3 9 

1
log 3 27  log 3  log 3 3 
3

2. [Maximum mark: 9] [without GDC]

Write down the following values

log 100  log 10  log 1 

1 1
log  log  log 0.1 
100 10

log 10 2020  log 10  log 3 10 

3. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

Write down the following values

ln 1  ln e  ln e 2 
1 1
ln  ln  ln e 
e e2

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 [Math-AA 2.9] LOGARITHMS

4. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

Write down the value of x for each of the following equations

log 2 8  x x log1000  x x

log 2 x  3 x log x  3 x

log x 8  3 x ln x  3 x

5. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

Confirm the following properties for x  1000 and y  100

LHS =
log xy  log x  log y
RHS =

LHS =
x
log  log x  log y
y
RHS =

LHS =
log x  2 log x
2

RHS =

6. [Maximum mark: 8] [without GDC]

Find the following integers

log 3 35  log105 

3log3 5  10log5

32log3 5  102log 5

33log3 5  103log 5 

ln e5  log a a 5 

eln 5  a log a 5 

e 2ln 5  a 2log a 5 

e3ln 5  a 3log a 5 

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 [Math-AA 2.9] LOGARITHMS

7. [Maximum mark: 4] [without GDC]

The diagram shows three graphs.
B
y
A

A is part of the graph of y  x , B of the graph of y  2 x ,

C is the reflection of graph B in line A . Write down:
(a) the equation of C in the form y  f ( x) . [2]

(b) the coordinates of the point where C cuts the x -axis. [2]

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8. [Maximum mark: 4] [without GDC]

The diagram shows three graphs.
B
y
A

A is part of the graph of y  x , B of the graph of y  e x ,

C is the reflection of graph B in line A . Write down:

(a) the equation of C in the form y  f ( x) . [2]

(b) the coordinates of the point where C cuts the x -axis. [2]

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 Rules
of log

Olog
2
at log b =

logas
Dog-loglog

·
 2x2x2x2

= exponential
fam
log loo
24 = 16
-n =
y

logp I
In e

(e)1
=
⑨
log 1 = 0

*
log
H

e
logDo e
 [Math-AA 2.9] LOGARITHMS

9. [Maximum mark: 28] [without GDC]

Let log x  a , log y  b and log z  c . Express the following in terms of a, b, c .

- -
-

log xy

x
log
y

log x 3

log xyz

log x 2 y

log x

xy
log
z

log(10 x )

begn
log(100 x ) = a

3
logy
=
y
log
10

logz =
y
log
100

xy
log
10 z

1
log
z

log
x2 y7
z
log x+
logy-logy
Slogn +
Tlogy - logy
-

2(a) + 7(b)
Ic
-

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 [Math-AA 2.9] LOGARITHMS

10. [Maximum mark: 28]

Let ln x  a , ln y  b and ln z  c . Express the following in terms of a, b, c .

-

ln xy

x
ln
y

ln x3

ln xyz

ln x 2 y

ln x

xy
ln
z

ln(ex)

&
[ ln(e2 x) In (e2) + In(x)
2 + In (x) -

y 2(1) + a
ln
e
a Ans
T
y
ln
e2

O
ln
xy
lux In-lac-lnz
enty
+
=

ez

ln
1 =
Inx +
-

1 -

1nz
z
a + b 1 A
y
= -

x2 y7
ln
z

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 [Math-AA 2.9] LOGARITHMS

11. [Maximum mark: 26] [without GDC]

Let log 5 x  a , log 5 y  b and log 5 z  c .

(a) Express the following in terms of a, b, c .

log 5 xy

x
log 5
y

log 5 x 3

log 5 x

xy
log 5
z

xy
log 5
5z

1
log 5
z

logn't logg"-log zh
x2 y7
log 5
- z ,

(b) Express the following in termsTlossy

2
logan + -

I logs
of a, b, c , by using change of base.

2 (a) + ib [An
-

log 25 x

log x 5

log x y

log z xy

log 25 xy

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 [Math-AA 2.9] LOGARITHMS

12. [Maximum mark: 28]

Let log 2 3  a and log 2 5  b . Express the following in terms of a and b .

log 2 15

5
log 2
3

log 2 0.6

1
log 2
3

log 2 9

log 2 5

log 2 45

log 2 10

log 2 30

log 2 5 3

log 3 5

log 5 3

log 3 2

log 5 2

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 [Math-AA 2.9] LOGARITHMS

LOGARITHMIC EQUATIONS

13. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

>
-
Solve the following equations

log 3 ( x  1)  2
=
- z
32 = (x + 1)
log( x  1)  2
+ 1

E
ln( x  1)  2
-
loge
14. [Maximum mark: 12] [without GDC] e
Ex 1
+

Solve the equations

=
log 7 ( x  5)  0

-T7
log ( x  5) A
1 T = x+ 5

log( x  5)  0 1 5= -
x

log( x  5)  1 Ex
ln( x  5)  0

T
ln( x  5)  1
log ,
(n+ 5) = 1

15. [Maximum mark: 12] [without GDC] e' = x+ 5

Solve the equations
e -

S = x

log(2 x )  2

ln(2 x)  2

log(2 x  4)  1

ln(2 x  4)  1 2n+y = e
-
2x = e -
4
log(2 x  5)  0
n = -4
ln(2 x  5)  0
2

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 [Math-AA 2.9] LOGARITHMS

16. [Maximum mark: 9] [without GDC]

Solve the equations
-

(a) log 2 x  log 2 ( x  1)  log 2 6 [3]

(b) log 2 x  log 2 ( x  1)  1 [3]

T

-
-
(c) log 2 ( x  5)  log 2 x  1 [3]

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logg (x)(x 1) + = 1
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logz(x *x) = 1
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2=
..................................................................................................................................
x+ x
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0 = x + x 2 -

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-
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Discrimmaht
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Z
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& Cross th
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2u = x75
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Et
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 [Math-AA 2.9] LOGARITHMS

H
17. [Maximum mark: 12]
Solve the equations
[without GDC]

(a) log x  log( x  1)  log 6 [4]

(b) log x  log( x  3)  1 [4]

(c) log( x  18)  log x  1 [4]

-

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 [Math-AA 2.9] LOGARITHMS

18*. [Maximum mark: 13] [without GDC]

Solve the equations
(a) 2 log 2 x  log 2 ( x  1)  2 [4]

(b) log 2 x  log 4 ( x  1)  1 by using change of base on log 4 ( x  1) [3]

·
(c) 2 log 2 x  log 1 ( x  1)  2 by using change of base on log 1 ( x  1) [3]
2 2

(d) log 2
x  2  log 2 ( x  1) by using change of base on log 2
x [3]

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log-log(x1)
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= 2
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logz()
2
..................................................................................................................................
=

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92 = ..................................................................................................................................

4x 4 =xh
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-

Elst
..................................................................................................................................
=

2 T=
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=
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-
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 [Math-AA 2.9] LOGARITHMS

18*. [Maximum mark: 13] [without GDC]

Solve the equations
(a) 2 log 2 x  log 2 ( x  1)  2 [4]

(b) log 2 x  log 4 ( x  1)  1 by using change of base on log 4 ( x  1) [3]

W 2 log x  log ( x 1)  2

(c) 2 1
2
by using change of base on log 1 ( x  1)
2
[3]

-
(d) log 2
x  2  log 2 ( x  1) by using change of base on log 2
x [3]

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log"- log( +
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log
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logeogr
?
(1) (52) = 2
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(52)E2
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Et
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Glogge logs(x )
+

4+
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=

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(x)
-log
logjz" ,
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logj
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(2)
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4x 4 = xh
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-

ta
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x K
=o
..................................................................................................................................
u =

x - 1 Page 11 x =
2( = 2
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 [Math-AA 2.9] LOGARITHMS

18*. [Maximum mark: 13] [without GDC]

Solve the equations
(a) 2 log 2 x  log 2 ( x  1)  2 [4]

(b) log 2 x  log 4 ( x  1)  1 by using change of base on log 4 ( x  1) [3]

(c) 2 log 2 x  log 1 ( x  1)  2 by using change of base on log 1 ( x  1) [3]

2 2

(d) log x  2  log 2 ( x  1) by using change of base on log x [3]

~ 2 2

=
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log
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O
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log (52
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=
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2

..................................................................................................................................
x =2

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1)
log
..................................................................................................................................
(x
-

logs" logD
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T ..................................................................................................................................

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logu
&
+ 1)
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Y
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=
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)
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-
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4x 4 x2
..................................................................................................................................
- =
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= x2 + 4
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ux
0 -

..................................................................................................................................

2)(x 2)
G
-
-

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0 =
2 Ar =
 T
[Math-AA 2.9] LOGARITHMS
-

19*. [Maximum mark: 15] [without GDC]

Solve the following equations

 log 2 x 
2
(a)  4 log 2 x  3  0 by letting y  log 2 x [5]

3
(b) log 2 x  4 by using an appropriate substitution. [5]
log 2 x
3
(c) log x  4 by using an appropriate substitution. [5]
log x

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 [Math-AA 2.9] LOGARITHMS

20*. [Maximum mark: 12] [without GDC]

Solve the following equations
1 1
 ln x 
2
(a)  ln x 2  1  0 (b) ln x  2 (c) log 7 x  2
ln x log 7 x

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