SRM INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

PRACTICAL RECORD NOTE

STUDENT NAME :

REGISTER NUMBER :

CLASS : BCA SECTION :

YEAR & SEMESTER : II YEAR & IV SEMESTER

SUBJECT CODE : UCA23401J

SUBJECT : OPEN SOURCE TECHNOLOGIES

APIRL 2025
 SRM INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203

CERTIFICATE

Certified to be the bonafide record of practical work done by

Register No. of II BCA Degree

programme for UCA23401J – OPEN SOURCE TECHNOLOGIES in the
Computer lab in SRM Institute of Science and Technology during the academic
year 2024-2025.

Staff In-charge Head of the Department

Submitted for Semester Practical Examination held on .

Internal Examiner External Examiner

 INDEX

S. PAGE STAFF
DATE TITLE
NO NO SIGNATURE

1 02/12/2024 LINUX COMMANDS

04/12/2024 (A) ODD OR EVEN

2
(B) CHECK IF A NUMBER IS POSITIVE,
09/12/2024
NEGATIVE, OR ZERO

(A) PRINT EVEN NUMBERS FROM 1 TO 20

11/12/2024
(FOR LOOP)

(B) SUM OF FIRST 10 NATURAL NUMBERS

3 16/12/2024
(WHILE LOOP)

(C) MULTIPLICATION TABLE OF 5 (DO-

18/12/2024
WHILE LOOP)

02/01/2025 (A) STORE AND DISPLAY 5 STUDENT NAMES

06/01/2025 (B) STUDENT MARKS (ASSOCIATIVE ARRAY)

4

(C) STUDENT DETAILS

09/01/2025
(MULTIDIMENSIONAL ARRAY)

5 16/01/2025 SORTING AN ARRAY

6 21/01/2025 MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM IN AN ARRAY

7 23/01/2025 FACTORIAL USING CLASS

DATE DIFFERENCE CALCULATION USING

8 30/03/2025
PHP

9 04/02/2025 INHERITANCE IN PHP

10 06/02/2025 STRING MANIPULATION FUNCTIONS

 INDEX

PAGE STAFF
S. NO DATE TITLE
NO SIGNATURE

CALL BY VALUE AND CALL BY

11 12/02/2025
REFERENCE

12 19/02/2025 EMAIL ID VALIDATION

13 26/02/2025 MOBILE NUMBER VALIDATION

14 05/03/2025 CRUD OPERATIONS IN PHP WITH MYSQL

READ AND PRINT A STRING IN PHP (CLI

15 19/03/2025
MODE)

FACTORIAL CALCULATION USING A WEB

16 21/03/2025
INTERFACE
EXP NO : 01
LINUX COMMANDS
DATE : 02/12/2024

1. To list all the contents in a directory

Command: ls

2. To print a message in the terminal

Command: echo "Your message here"

3. To create a directory
Command: mkdir <directory_name>

4. To create multiple directories using a single command

Command: mkdir -p <directory1>/<directory2>

5. To change the current working directory

Command: cd <directory_name>

6. To append text to a file

Command: echo "text" >> <file_name>

7. To display the contents of a file

Command: cat <file_name>

8. To move to the previous directory

Command: cd ..
9. To remove or delete a directory
Command: rmdir <directory_name> (for empty directories)

Command: rm -r <directory_name> (for non-empty directories)

10. To copy contents from one file to another

Command: cp <source_file> <destination_file>

11. To remove a file

Command: rm <file_name>

12. To view the present working directory

Command: pwd

13. To clear the terminal screen

Command: clear

14. To know the current user

Command: whoami

15. To display running processes

Command: ps

16. To display detailed system information

Command: uname -a
17. To sort files in a directory efficiently
Command: ls -l | sort

18. To sort files in reverse order

Command: ls -lr

19. To sort files in a directory based on size

Command: ls -lS

20. To display file contents in reverse order

Command: tac <file_name>

21. To count the number of words in a file

Command: wc -w <file_name>

22. To count the total number of characters in a file

Command: wc -m <file_name>

23. To count the total number of lines in a file

Command: wc -l <file_name>
24. To add a new line to a file named name.txt

Command: echo "New line text" >> name.txt

25. To move or rename files

Command : mv <oldname.txt> <newname.txt>

26. To navigate to another directory

Command: cd <directory_name>

27. To display detailed listing of all directories

Command: ls -lh

28. To create a symbolic link to a file

Command: ln -s <target_file> <link_name>

29. To create a new file called name.txt

Command: touch name.txt

30. To display the contents of name.txt

Command: cat name.txt

EXP NO : 02
(a) ODD OR EVEN
DATE : 04/12/2024

Aim :

To write a PHP program to check whether a given number is odd or even.

Procedure :
Program :

<?php
$num = 7;
if ($num % 2 == 0) {
echo "$num is Even";
} else {
echo "$num is Odd";
}
?>

Output :

7 is Odd

Result :

The program is executed successfully.

EXP NO : 02 (b) CHECK IF A NUMBER IS POSITIVE,
DATE : 09/12/2024 NEGATIVE, OR ZERO

Aim :

To write a PHP program to check if a number is positive, negative, or zero using

an if-else statement.

Procedure :
Program :

<?php
$num = -5;
if ($num > 0) {
echo "$num is Positive";
} elseif ($num < 0) {
echo "$num is Negative";
} else {
echo "$num is Zero";
}
?>

Output :

-5 is Negative

Result :

The program is executed successfully.

EXP NO : 03 (a) PRINT EVEN NUMBERS FROM
DATE : 11/12/2024 1 TO 20 (FOR LOOP)

Aim :

To write a PHP program that prints even numbers from 1 to 20 using a for loop.

Procedure :
Program :

<?php
for ($i = 2; $i <= 20; $i += 2) {
echo "$i ";
}
?>

Output :

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Result :

The program is executed successfully.

EXP NO : 03 (b) SUM OF FIRST 10 NATURAL
DATE : 16/12/2024 NUMBERS (WHILE LOOP)

Aim :

To write a PHP program that calculates the sum of the first 10 natural numbers
using a while loop.

Procedure :
Program :

<?php
$sum = 0;
$i = 1;
while ($i <= 10) {
$sum += $i;
$i++;
}
echo "Sum of first 10 natural numbers is: $sum";
?>

Output :

Sum of first 10 natural numbers is: 55

Result :

The program is executed successfully.

EXP NO : 03 (c) MULTIPLICATION TABLE OF 5
DATE : 18/12/2024 (DO-WHILE LOOP)

Aim :

To write a PHP program that prints the multiplication table of 5 using a do-
while loop.

Procedure :
Program :

<?php
$num = 5;
$i = 1;
do {
echo "$num x $i = " . ($num * $i) . "<br>";
$i++;
} while ($i <= 10);
?>

Output :

5 × 1 = 5
5 × 2 = 10
5 × 3 = 15
5 × 4 = 20
5 × 5 = 25
5 × 6 = 30
5 × 7 = 35
5 × 8 = 40
5 × 9 = 45
5 × 10 = 50

Result :

The program is executed successfully.

EXP NO : 04 (a) STORE AND DISPLAY 5 STUDENT
DATE : 02/01/2025 NAMES (ONE-DIMENSIONAL ARRAY)

Aim :

To write a PHP program that stores and displays five student names using a
one-dimensional array.

Procedure :
Program :

<?php
$students = array("John", "Alice", "Mike", "Sara", "Tom");
foreach ($students as $student) {
echo "$student <br>";
}
?>

Output :

John
Alice
Mike
Sara
Tom

Result :

The program is executed successfully.

EXP NO : 04 (b) STUDENT MARKS (ASSOCIATIVE ARRAY)
DATE : 06/01/2025

Aim :

To write a PHP program that stores and displays student marks using an
associative array.

Procedure :
Program :

<?php
$marks = array("John" => 85, "Alice" => 90, "Mike" => 78);
foreach ($marks as $name => $score) {
echo "$name scored $score marks.<br>";
}
?>

Output :

John scored 85 marks.

Alice scored 90 marks.
Mike scored 78 marks.

Result :

The program is executed successfully.

EXP NO : 04 (c) STUDENT DETAILS
DATE : 09/01/2025 (MULTIDIMENSIONAL ARRAY)

Aim :

To write a PHP program that stores and displays student details using a
multidimensional array.

Procedure :
Program :

<?php
$students = array(
array("John", 85, "A"),
array("Alice", 90, "A+"),
array("Mike", 78, "B")
);
foreach ($students as $student) {
echo "Name: " . $student[0] . ", Marks: " .
$student[1] . ", Grade: " . $student[2] . "<br>";
}
?>

Output :

Name: John, Marks: 85, Grade: A

Name: Alice, Marks: 90, Grade: A+
Name: Mike, Marks: 78, Grade: B

Result :

The program is executed successfully.

EXP NO : 05 SORTING AN ARRAY
DATE : 16/01/2025

Aim :

To write a PHP program that sorts an array in ascending order.

Procedure :
Program :

<?php
$numbers = array(5, 2, 8, 1, 3);
sort($numbers);
echo "Sorted numbers: ";
foreach ($numbers as $num) {
echo "$num ";
}
?>

Output :

Sorted numbers: 1 2 3 5 8

Result :

The program is executed successfully.

EXP NO : 06 FIND MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM
DATE : 21/01/2025 IN AN ARRAY

Aim :

To write a PHP program to find the maximum and minimum values in an array.

Procedure :
Program :

<?php
$numbers = array(10, 20, 5, 40, 30);
$max = max($numbers);
$min = min($numbers);
echo "Maximum value: $max <br>";
echo "Minimum value: $min";
?>

Output :

Maximum value: 40
Minimum value: 5

Result :

The program is executed successfully.

EXP NO : 07 FACTORIAL USING CLASS
DATE : 23/01/2025

Aim :

To create a class in PHP that calculates and prints the factorial of a given
number.

Procedure :
Program :

<?php
class factorial_of_a_number {
protected $n;

public function __construct($n1) {

$this->n = $n1;
}

public function result() {

$factorial = 1;
for ($i = 1; $i <= $this->n; $i++) {
$factorial *= $i;
}
return $factorial;
}
}

$newfactorial = new factorial_of_a_number(5);

echo $newfactorial->result();
?>

Output :

120

Result :

The program is executed successfully.

EXP NO : 08 DATE DIFFERENCE
DATE : 30/03/2025 CALCULATION USING PHP OOP

Aim :

To calculate the difference between two dates using PHP's DateTime class

Procedure :
Program :

<?php
$sdate = new DateTime("1981-11-03");
$edate = new DateTime("2013-09-04");
$interval = $sdate->diff($edate);
echo "Difference : " . $interval->y . " years, " .
$interval->m . " months, " . $interval->d . " days ";
?>

Output :

120

Result :

The program is executed successfully.

EXP NO : 09 INHERITANCE IN PHP
DATE : 04/02/2025

Aim :

To demonstrate inheritance by implementing a BankAccount class and a

SavingAccount class.

Procedure :
Program :

<?php
class BankAccount {
private $balance = 0;

public function getBalance() {

return $this->balance;
}

public function deposit($amount) {

if ($amount > 0) {
$this->balance += $amount;
}
}
}

class SavingAccount extends BankAccount {

private $interestRate;

public function setInterestRate($interestRate) {

$this->interestRate = $interestRate;
}

public function addInterest() {

$interest = $this->interestRate * $this-
>getBalance();
$this->deposit($interest);
}
}

$account = new SavingAccount();

$account->deposit(100);
$account->setInterestRate(0.05);
$account->addInterest();
echo $account->getBalance();
?>

Output :
105

Result :

The program is executed successfully.

EXP NO : 10 STRING MANIPULATION
DATE : 06/02/2025 FUNCTIONS

Aim :

To validate various string manipulation functions in PHP.

Procedure :
Program :

<?php
$r= "I am";
echo "$r\n";
echo strlen("Hi Everyone")."\n";
echo str_word_count("Hi Everyone")."\n";
echo strrev("Hello World")."\n";
echo strpos("Hi Buddy", "Buddy")."\n";
echo str_replace("world", "Jack", "Hello world")."\n";
echo strtoupper("world")."\n";
echo strtolower("WORLD")."\n";
echo ucfirst("world")."\n";
echo lcfirst("WORLD")."\n";
echo str_word_count("Welcome to PHP programming")."\n";
echo substr_replace("Hello World", "Everyone", 6)."\n";
echo substr_replace("alone", "ph", 0, 2)."\n";
?>

Output :
I am
12
2
dlroW olleH
3
Hello Jack
WORLD
world
World
wORLD
4
Hello Everyone
phone

Result :

The program is executed successfully.

EXP NO : 11 CALL BY VALUE AND
DATE : 12/02/2025 CALL BY REFERENCE

Aim :

To demonstrate call by value and call by reference in PHP.

Procedure :
Program :

Call by value :

<?php
function incrementValue($num) {
$num += 10;
echo "Inside function: $num\n";
}

$number = 10;
incrementValue($number);
echo "Outside function: $number\n";
?>

Output :
Inside function: 20
Outside function: 10

Call by reference :

<?php
function incrementValueByReference(&$num) {
$num += 10;
echo "Inside function: $num\n";
}

$number = 10;
incrementValueByReference($number);
echo "Outside function: $number\n";
?>

Output :
Inside function: 20
Outside function: 20

Result :

The program is executed successfully.

EXP NO : 12 EMAIL ID VALIDATION
DATE : 19/02/2025

Aim :

To validate an email address using PHP regex.

Procedure :
Program :

<?php
function checkemail($str) {
return (!preg_match("/^([a-z0-9\+_\-]+)(\.[a-z0-
9\+_\-]+)*@([a-z0-9\-]+\.)+[a-z]{2,6}$/ix", $str)) ? FALSE :
TRUE;
}
if (!checkemail("[email protected]")) {
echo "Invalid email address.";
} else {
echo "Valid email address.";
}
?>

Output :
Valid email address.

Result :

The program is executed successfully.

EXP NO : 13 MOBILE NUMBER VALIDATION
DATE : 26/02/2025

Aim :

To validate a mobile number using PHP regex.

Procedure :
Program :

<?php
$phone = "9898203462";
if (preg_match('/^[0-9]{10}$/', $phone)) {
echo "Valid Phone Number";
} else {
echo "Invalid Phone Number";
}
?>

Output :
Valid Phone Number

Result :

The program is executed successfully.

EXP NO : 14 CRUD OPERATIONS IN PHP WITH MYSQL
DATE : 05/03/2025

Aim :

To implement Create, Read, Update, and Delete (CRUD) operations using

PHP and MySQL.

Procedure :
Program :
<?php
// Database Connection
$conn = new mysqli("localhost", "root", "", "newDB");
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failure: " . $conn->connect_error);
}

// Create Table
$sql = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS employees (
id INT PRIMARY KEY,
firstname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
lastname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
email VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL
)";
if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {
echo "Table created successfully.<br>";
} else {
echo "Error creating table: " . $conn->error . "<br>";
}

// Insert Data
$sql = "INSERT INTO employees (id, firstname, lastname, email)
VALUES (1, 'Ram', 'Singh', '[email protected]')
ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE firstname='Ram', lastname='Singh', email='[email protected]'";
if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {
echo "Record inserted successfully.<br>";
} else {
echo "Error inserting record: " . $conn->error . "<br>";
}

// Retrieve All Data

$sql = "SELECT * FROM employees";
$result = $conn->query($sql);
if ($result->num_rows > 0) {
echo "Retrieved data successfully:<br>";
while ($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
echo "ID: " . $row["id"] . " | Name: " . $row["firstname"] . " " . $row["lastname"] . "
| Email: " . $row["email"] . "<br>";
}
} else {
echo "No records found.<br>";
}

// Update Data
$sql = "UPDATE employees SET email='[email protected]' WHERE id=1";
if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {
echo "Record updated successfully.<br>";
} else {
echo "Error updating record: " . $conn->error . "<br>";
}

// Delete Data
$sql = "DELETE FROM employees WHERE id=1";
if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {
echo "Record deleted successfully.<br>";
} else {
echo "Error deleting record: " . $conn->error . "<br>";
}

// Close Connection
$conn->close();
?>
Output :

Table created successfully.

Record inserted successfully.
Retrieved data successfully.
Record updated successfully.
Record deleted successfully.

Result :

The program is executed successfully.

EXP NO : 15 READ AND PRINT A STRING IN PHP
DATE : 19/03/2025 (CLI MODE)

Aim :

To take user input in CLI mode using readline() and display the entered string.

Procedure :
Program :

<?php

// Taking input from user in CLI mode

$a = readline('Enter a string: ');

// Printing the input

echo "You entered: " . $a;

?>

Output :
Enter a string: Hello World
You entered: Hello World

Result :

The program is executed successfully.

EXP NO : 16 FACTORIAL CALCULATION USING
DATE : 21/03/2025 A WEB INTERFACE

Aim :

To develop a web-based PHP program that calculates the factorial of a given

number using an HTML form.

Procedure :
Program :

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,
initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Factorial Calculator</title>
<style>
body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; text-align:
center; background: lightgray; }
.container { background: white; padding: 20px;
border-radius: 10px; width: 300px; margin: auto; margin-top:
50px; box-shadow: 2px 2px 10px gray; }
input, button { padding: 8px; margin-top: 10px;
border: none; border-radius: 5px; }
button { background: green; color: white; cursor:
pointer; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<h2>Factorial Calculator</h2>
<form method="post">
<input type="number" name="num"
placeholder="Enter a number" required>
<button type="submit"
name="submit">Calculate</button>
</form>
<?php
if (!empty($_POST["num"])) {
function fact($n) { return ($n <= 1) ? 1 :
$n * fact($n - 1); }
echo "<h3>Factorial: " . fact($_POST["num"])
. "</h3>";
}
?>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Output :

Result :

The program is executed successfully.