CASE STUDY

To Fulfill the Assignment of Research in Language Education

Lecturer : Dr. Irma Wahyuni, S.S., M.Pd.

Created by 6th Group :

Rahma Alia (0142S1C022007)

Sylvana Rahmawati (0142S1C022010)

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH BOGOR RAYA UNIVERSITY 2025
Jl. Raya Leuwiliang No.106, Leuwimekar, Kec. Leuwiliang, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa
Barat 1664
 PREFACE
Alhamdulillah, all praise is due to Allah SWT. who has given the ability,
strength, and blessings of time, energy, and thoughts to 6th group so that they can
complete the paper assignment entitled "Case Study".

Sholawat and salam may remain devoted to our Prophet Muhammad SAW.
Furthermore, we would like to thank Dr. Irma Wahyuni, S.S., M.Pd. as the lecturer
of Research in Language education Course. Previously, we apologize profusely if in
writing this paper there are many shortcomings and limitations in its presentation.
Therefore, we expect constructive criticism and suggestions. Hopefully this paper
can be useful for anyone who reads it.

Bogor, 25th April 2025

Writer

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

PREFACE..................................................................................................................... i

TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................................. ii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .............................................................................. 1

CHAPTER II DISCUSSION ..................................................................................... 2

A. Definition of Case Study ................................................................................... 2

B. Types of Case Study .......................................................................................... 2

C. Procedures For Conducting A Case Study ........................................................ 4

D. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Case Study ........................................... 5

CHAPTER III CONCLUSION ................................................................................. 7

REFERENCES .......................................................................................................... iii

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 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

Case study research is one of the seven types of qualitative research approaches
commonly used in social research, such as Ethnography, Phenomenology, Field research,
Grounded theory, Case study, Historical research and Hermeneutics. Case study is utilized
to increase our knowledge about individual, groups, social, political and related phenomena,
and expected to get an understanding of the complexity of a case and to comprehend its
movement inside important conditions. Case study research is presently referred to have a
notoriety for being a compelling strategy for exploring, in-depth comprehension of complex
issues, occasions and phenomena that happen in real life.
Case studies are widely used in organizational studies and across the social sciences,
for example, in sociology, organizational psychology, anthropology, employment relations,
political science. There is some suggestion that the case study method is increasingly being
used (for example, Yin, 1994; Robson, 2002), and a number of publications examine the
approach (for example, Yin, 1994; Stake, 1995; Eisenhardt, 1989; Abrahamson, 1992;
Hamel, 1993). There is growing confidence in the case study as a rigorous research strategy
in its own right.
Case studies can be theoretically exciting and data rich so it is important to analyse
their strengths and weaknesses as well as provide a practical guide on how to conduct and
manage them. This chapter examines what case studies are, the circumstances in which they
are most valuable, the design of case studies and the relation of method to theory.
The case study approach is particularly useful to employ when there is a need to
obtain an in-depth appreciation of an issue, event or phenomenon of interest, in its natural
real-life context. Our aim in writing this piece is to provide insights into when to consider
employing this approach and an overview of key methodological considerations in relation
to the design, planning, analysis, interpretation and reporting of case studies.

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 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
A. Definition of Case Study
Case study is a research methodology, typically seen in social and life sciences. There
is no one definition of case study research. However, very simply… ‘a case study can be
defined as an intensive study about a person, a group of people or a unit, which is aimed to
generalize over several units. A case study has also been described as an intensive,
systematic investigation of a single individual, group, community or some other unit in
which the researcher examines in-depth data relating to several variables.
Yin (1994,p13) proposes: “A case study is an empirical inquiry that investigates a
contemporary phenomenon within its real life context, especially when the boundaries
between phenomenon and context are not clearly evident”
Cresswell (2007,p73) proposes: “A case study is a qualitative approach in which the
investigator explores a bounded system (a case) or multiple bounded systems (cases)
overtime, through detailed, in-depth data collection involving multiple source of information
(e.g., observations, interviews, audiovisual material, and documents and reports), and reports
a case description and case-based themes”.
Case study research has developed in reputation as an effective approach to explore
and comprehend complex issues in real world settings. Case study have been utilized over
various disciplines, especially in the social sciences, education, business, law, and health, to
address a wide scope of research questions.
As a research method, case studies are often used in qualitative research, doing case
study research would be the favored technique in situation when (a) The primary research
questions are "how" or "why" questions. How and why questions are more logical and liable
to prompt the utilization of case studies, histories and experiences as the ideal research
strategies. (b) A scientist has an almost no influence at contemporary set of events and (c)
Specifically studying a contemporary phenomenon. The case study approach is especially
valuable to utilize when there is a need to get an in-depth appreciation about an issue, event
or phenomenon of interest, in its natural real life context, and the case study research's key
objectives offers a detailed process of building hypothesis and planning, actualizing, and
evaluating an extensive extent of case study research methods strategies.
B. Types of Case Study
a. Illustrative :

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 An illustrative case study provides a vivid and detailed depiction of a
particular phenomenon or situation, typically to aid in understanding complex
concepts or theories. The goal is to offer a clear and accessible illustration of
theoretical principles or practical applications through real-world examples.
Unlike other types that aim for in-depth analysis or hypothesis testing, the purpose
of illustrative research methodology is primarily educational or explanatory.
Researchers often select topics that are easily understandable and representative
of broader concepts, using qualitative methods such as interviews, observations,
and document analysis to gather rich descriptive data that can be used to illustrate
key points.
b. Exploratory :
An exploratory case study investigates novel research questions or
relatively unexplored phenomena to generate hypotheses and gain initial insights
into the subject. Its goal is to lay the groundwork for further inquiry by exploring
new territories, identifying key variables, and understanding the context
surrounding the phenomenon of interest. Unlike other case studies that delve into
established theories or known phenomena, the purpose of an exploratory paper is
to pave the way for deeper inquiry and hypothesis testing. Students often use
qualitative methods such as interviews, observations, and literature reviews to
gather preliminary data and develop a foundational understanding of the subject.
c. Cumulative :
A cumulative case study is a data analysis method that involves the
sequential examination of multiple issues over time to build a comprehensive
understanding of a particular phenomenon or issue. The goal of this type of case
study is to gather insights from the accumulation of individual instances, allowing
learners to identify patterns, trends, and commonalities across diverse contexts.
Unlike other papers that focus on a single topic or event, cumulative assignments
synthesize information from multiple sources to develop a holistic understanding
of the subject under investigation. Researchers employing this approach often use
qualitative and quantitative methods, combining techniques such as interviews,
surveys, observations, and statistical analysis to collect and analyze data from
each instance.
d. Critical Instance :
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 A critical instance case study examines a specific event or occurrence
considered pivotal or significant within a particular context. This type of case
study aims to deeply analyze the circumstances surrounding the critical instance
and understand its implications for broader theories or phenomena. Unlike other
types of case studies that aim for generalizability or comprehensive
understanding, a critical instance case study aims to explore the unique factors
and dynamics at play in a singular event. Researchers employing this approach
often use qualitative methods such as interviews, observations, and document
analysis to gather detailed data that shed light on the critical instance and its
implications.
e. Intrinsic :
An intrinsic case study is a research method where the subject is of
particular interest rather than being selected for its relevance to a broader theory
or phenomenon. The purpose is to deeply understand the unique qualities,
intricacies, and complexities of the subject under investigation. Unlike other types
that seek generalizability or causal relationships, an intrinsic case study aims to
explore and appreciate the richness of the individual issue. Academicians
employing this approach often use qualitative methods such as interviews,
observations, and document analysis to gather rich, detailed data that capture the
subject's essence.
f. Descriptive :
A descriptive case study is a research method that provides a detailed
description of a particular phenomenon, event, or situation. Its primary goal is to
paint a comprehensive picture of the subject under study, capturing its various
facets, characteristics, and dynamics. Unlike other case studies that aim for deeper
analysis or causal explanations, the purpose of a descriptive exploration is to
document and present facts and observations without interpreting them
extensively. It often involves collecting data through multiple sources such as
interviews, observations, documents, and archival records to ensure a well-
rounded understanding of the subject.
C. Procedures For Conducting A Case Study
Based on the Stake's (1995), John Creswell (2007) concluded that there are
several approaches conducting a case study.
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 • First, researcher decide whether a case study approach is proper to the
research problem. A case study is a decent methodology when the inquirer
has obviously recognizable cases and look to give an in depth comprehension
of the cases or an examination of a few cases.
• Researcher next need to recognize their case or cases. these cases may include
an individual, several individual, a program, an event, or an activity. The
researcher consider what sort of case study is more precise and valuable,
select cases that show alternate points of view on the issue, process or event
that need to portray.
• Data collection was carried out extensively, using various sources such as
observations, interviews, documents and audiovisual materials.
• Data collection will give information of the case such aspect as the historical
background of the case. After that the researcher may focus on some key issue
for understanding the complexity of the case.
• In the last interpretive stage, the researcher reports the importance of the case,
both of finding out about the issue of the case or finding out about an unusual
situation.
D. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Case Study
Although the case study research is very important in social research and many other
fields, however, it does have some advantages and disadvantages, such as:
a) Advantages of case study
• Intensive study
The case study method is an intensive study of a case, by conducting and in
depth investigation. This research studies in depth about a person or event,
especially cases with subjects that cannot be reconstructed physically and
ethically
• Developing new research
Case studies are probably the most ideal approaches to stimulate new
research. After doing research and obtaining valuable findings, the researcher
will be able to develop new studies that would not be possible if he did not
conduct a case study.
• Contradicting established ideas or theories
Mostly there are theories that might be questioned in case studies. the case
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 demonstrated that the overall hypothesis wasn't right, but still valuable,
however that the researcher was dishonest.
• Giving new insight
Case studies can give understanding into phenomena that can't be educated in
some other methods
b) Disadvantages of case study
• Inability to replicate
Many of case studies can't be replicated, and subsequently, can't be
supported, it implies the information and results are just legitimate for that
one individual
• Hawthorne effect
The effect in which individuals change their behavior when they know they
are being observed.
• Researcher bias
In case study research, bias is very possible. bias can be for subject, data
collection or data interpreted. Mainly, when humans become a subject, it is
normally the researcher can be close to the subject participant, it will cause
the researcher losing his neutrality
• No classification
Case study research focuses only on one small group and thus does not allow
classification
• Time intensive
Study case research requires a long time, especially in collecting data and
developing a case study. For new researchers, it is necessary to understand
more deeply before conducting research
• Possibility of Errors
Errors may occur in case study research, especially if the case study is based
on memory and judgment. someone's past perspective will be different from
others in making judgments therefor it can create errors
• Ethical issues
Ethical issues will always be questioned, whether a study becomes unethical
or tolerates the unethical behavior of researchers.

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 CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION
Case study research is one of the approaches in qualitative research used to gain an
in-depth understanding of a phenomenon, individual, group, or event within its real-life
context. This method offers various types of approaches such as illustrative, exploratory,
cumulative, critical instance, intrinsic, and descriptive case studies, each with its unique
objectives and characteristics. Conducting a case study involves selecting appropriate cases,
collecting data from multiple sources, conducting deep analysis, and reporting findings
focused on understanding the complexity of the case. Although it offers advantages such as
providing new insights, developing further research, and challenging existing theories, case
study research also has limitations, including difficulty in replication, potential researcher
bias, time-intensive processes, and possible ethical issues. Thus, case study research is a
heterogeneous activity encompassing a variety of methods, scopes, levels of analysis, and
durations of involvement, yet it remains an effective method for exploring complex
phenomena across social and educational fields.

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 REFERENCES

Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five
approaches (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.

Sitorus, S. L. (2021). Qualitative method (case study research). JOCE IP, 15(1), 20–29.

Stake, R. E. (1995). The art of case study research. Sage Publications.

Tutor Angela. (2024, April 5). Types of case studies: From illustrative to intrinsic.
DoMyEssay. https://domyessay.com/blog/types-of-case-studies
Yin, R. K. (2002). Case study research: Design and methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE
Publications.

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