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Inverse Laplace Transform

The Inverse Laplace Transform is a mathematical operation that converts functions from the complex frequency domain back to the time domain. Techniques for finding the inverse include Table Lookup, Partial Fraction Decomposition, and Completing the Square. Examples illustrate how to apply these techniques to derive time-domain functions from their Laplace transforms.

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8 views11 pages

Inverse Laplace Transform

The Inverse Laplace Transform is a mathematical operation that converts functions from the complex frequency domain back to the time domain. Techniques for finding the inverse include Table Lookup, Partial Fraction Decomposition, and Completing the Square. Examples illustrate how to apply these techniques to derive time-domain functions from their Laplace transforms.

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22-07711
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INVERSE

LAPLACE
TRANSFORM
Advance Engineering Mathematics
Engr. Gabriel M. Malasique
Course Instructor
DEFINITION
The Inverse Laplace Transform is a mathematical operation that
reverses the effect of the Laplace Transform, converting a function
from the complex frequency domain (often denoted as s-domain) back
to the time domain (t-domain).

ℒ −1 Ϝ 𝑠 = f(t)

In other words, it is the inverse process of Laplace Transform:

ℒ 𝑓 𝑡 =F 𝑠 ℒ −1 Ϝ 𝑠 = f(t)
Laplace Transforms of Common Functions
Techniques Used for Finding the Inverse Laplace Transform

01 Table Lookup Method

• Use a standard Laplace transform table to directly match 𝐹(𝑠)F(s)


with known time-domain functions.
• Best for simple or common forms.
• 𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒:
1
𝐹 𝑠 = 2 → ℒ −1 {𝐹 𝑠 } = 𝑓 𝑡 = sin(3𝑡)
𝑠 +9
Techniques Used for Finding the Inverse Laplace Transform

Partial Fraction Decomposition


01
02
• Break a rational function into simpler fractions whose inverse
transforms are known.
𝑃(𝑠)
• Applicable for rational functions , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 deg 𝑃 < deg(𝑄)
𝑄(𝑠)

• 𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒:
1
𝐹 𝑠 = 2 → ℒ −1 {𝐹 𝑠 } = 𝑓 𝑡 = sin(3𝑡)
𝑠 +9
Techniques Used for Finding the Inverse Laplace Transform

Partial Fraction Decomposition


01 𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒:
2𝑠 + 5
𝐹 𝑠 =
(𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 + 3)

𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 1: 𝐷𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝐹𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠

2𝑠 + 5 𝐴 𝐵
= +
(𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 + 3) (𝑠 + 1) (𝑠 + 3)

2𝑠 + 5 = 𝐴(𝑠 + 3) + B(𝑠 + 1) Multiply both sides by the denominator


Techniques Used for Finding the Inverse Laplace Transform

Partial Fraction Decomposition

𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 (𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑒𝑑):
2𝑠 + 5 = 𝐴 𝑠 + 3 + B 𝑠 + 1
𝑺𝒕𝒆𝒑 𝟐: 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵

To solve A, 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑠 = −1; T𝑜 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝐵, 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑠 = −3;


2 −1 + 5 = 𝐴 −1 + 3 + B −1 + 1 2 −3 + 5 = 𝐴 −3 + 3 + B −3 + 1
2 1
𝐴= 𝐵=
3 2

3 1
∴𝐹 𝑠 = +
2(𝑠 + 1) 2(𝑠 + 3)
Techniques Used for Finding the Inverse Laplace Transform

Partial Fraction Decomposition


01 𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 (𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑒𝑑):
3 1
𝐹 𝑠 = +
2(𝑠 + 1) 2(𝑠 + 3)

𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 3: 𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒.


3 1
𝑓 𝑡 = ℒ −1 + ℒ −1
2(𝑠 + 1) 2(𝑠 + 3)

3 −𝑡 1 −3𝑡
𝑓 𝑡 = 𝑒 + 𝑒
2 2
Techniques Used for Finding the Inverse Laplace Transform

03 Completing the Square

• Used when the denominator is a quadratic. Helps rewrite the


expression to match sine or cosine transforms.

𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒:
𝑠+2 −1 𝐹 𝑠
𝑠+2 −2𝑡 cos(3𝑡)
𝐹 𝑠 = → ℒ =𝑓 𝑡 = = 𝑒
𝑠 2 + 4𝑠 + 5 (𝑠 + 2)2 +1

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