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The document provides an overview of key concepts in information technology, including definitions of terms such as computer, algorithm, cryptography, and character encoding. It explains the binary and decimal systems, ASCII and UTF-8 encoding standards, and the role of logic gates in computing. Additionally, it touches on the hardware and software layers of a computer and the importance of abstraction in simplifying complex systems.

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3 views3 pages

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The document provides an overview of key concepts in information technology, including definitions of terms such as computer, algorithm, cryptography, and character encoding. It explains the binary and decimal systems, ASCII and UTF-8 encoding standards, and the role of logic gates in computing. Additionally, it touches on the hardware and software layers of a computer and the importance of abstraction in simplifying complex systems.

Uploaded by

lopez.cl0114
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IT; information technology, is the use of digital technology such as computers

to store and process data into useful information.

Computer; is a device that stores and procceses data by performing calculations

algoprithm; a series of steps that solve specific problems

cryptography; the art of writing and solving codes

binary system; the communication that a computer uses, also knwon as a base-2
numeral system 0-1,
each place value represents a power of 2 (128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1)
DECIMAL SYSTEM BASE-10;ten digits 0-9, each value represents the power of 10

BIT; smallest unit of digital information, represented as a single binary value


0-1

BYTE; is a group of 8 bit

CHARACTER ENCODING; assign binary values to characters, so that we can read them

ASCII; oldest character encoding standard, it represents the English alphabet,


digits and punctuation marks
The ASCII table is like a dictionary that translates between the language of
computers (binary)
and the language humans understand (decimal).

Here's how it works:

Each character (letters, numbers, symbols) is assigned a unique binary code.


This binary code can be converted to a decimal value.power of 2 (128 64 32 16 8 4 2
1)
The ASCII table maps each character to its corresponding binary and decimal
representations.
For example, the letter 'A' is represented by the binary code 01000001. If you
convert this binary
code to decimal, you get the value 65. So, in the ASCII table, you'll see that the
character 'A'
corresponds to both the binary code 01000001 and the decimal value 65.

UTF-8; most used encoding standard.This encoding standard is built off the

Unicode Standard;( help usrepresent character encoding in a consistent manner)

LOGIC GATES; allow the transistors to do more complex tasks, such as deciding
where to send electrical signals depending on logical conditions
**Logic gates are the physical components that allow computers to make binary
calculations.

Logic gates represent different rules for taking one or more binary inputs and
outputting a
specific binary value (“on” or “off”).

Logic gates can be linked so that the output of one gate serves as the input for
other gates.

Circuits are complex electrical systems built by linking logic gates together.
Computers are
this kind of complex electrical system.**
ABSTRACTION: is taking a complex system and simplify it for its usage

OPERATIVE SYSTEM; allows hardware to communicate with the system

HARDWARE LAYER; made up of the physical components of a computer


SOFTWARE LAYER; how humans interact with the computer
USER; interacts with the computer

MODULE 1 GLOSSARY
Abstraction: To take a relatively complex system and simplify it for our use

Algorithm: A series of steps that solves specific problems

ASCII: The oldest character encoding standard used is ASCII. It represents the
English
alphabet, digits, and punctuation marks

Binary system: The communication that a computer uses is referred to as binary


system,
also known as base-2 numeral system

Byte: A group of 8 bits

Character encoding: Is used to assign our binary values to characters so that we as


humans
can read them

Computer: A device that stores and processes data by performing calculations

Cryptography: The overarching discipline that covers the practice of coding and
hiding messages from third parties

Decimal form- base 10 system: In the decimal system, there are 10 possible numbers
you can use ranging from zero to nine

Digital divide: The growing skills gap between people with and without digital
literacy skills

Information technology: The use of digital technology, like computers and the
internet,
to store and process data into useful information

Linux OS: Linux is one of the largest open source operating systems used heavily in
business
infrastructure and in the consumer space

Logic gates: Allow transistors to do more complex tasks, like decide where to send
electrical
signals depending on logical conditions

Open source: This means the developers will let other developers share, modify, and
distribute
their software for free

PDA (Personal Digital Assistant): Allows computing to go mobile

Punch cards: A sequence of cards with holes in them to automatically perform


calculations
instead of manually entering them by hand

RGB model: RGB or red, green, and blue model is the basic model of representing
colors

UTF-8: The most prevalent encoding standard used today

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