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Social Problems in Pakistan

The document outlines various social problems in Pakistan, defining them as behaviors or conditions that negatively impact large groups and require attention. It discusses the characteristics, causes, and historical context of social problems, as well as different sociological approaches to understanding them, including functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. Additionally, it categorizes social problems into economic, biological, psychological, cultural, and political issues.

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8 views

Social Problems in Pakistan

The document outlines various social problems in Pakistan, defining them as behaviors or conditions that negatively impact large groups and require attention. It discusses the characteristics, causes, and historical context of social problems, as well as different sociological approaches to understanding them, including functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. Additionally, it categorizes social problems into economic, biological, psychological, cultural, and political issues.

Uploaded by

zb189023
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Social Problems of Pakistan

Social Problem
• Poplin describes social problem as: “ a pattern of behavior that
constitutes a threat to society or to those groups and institutions of
which society is composed”.

• A social problem is any condition or behavior that has negative


consequences for large numbers of people and that is generally
recognized as a condition or behavior that needs to be addressed.
Characteristics
Social Problems Are:
• Universal
• Relative
• Multiple Causes
• Different In Nature
• Negative Impacts
• Interrelated Or Interconnected
• Can Be Solved
Causes
• Technological advances
• Economic factor
• Social change
• Natural disasters
• Biological causes
• Psychological causes
• changes in social values
• Negligence of social control
History of social problem
• Social problems have existed as long as human began living in groups.
• The study of social problems is strongly linked to the history and origin of sociology as a
discipline.
• In the 19th century social thinkers like Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Karl Marx, and
others laid the foundation of society and its problems.
• The Industrial Revolution caused several grave social problems which troubled the thoughts
of social thinkers and these scholars came out strongly in favor of the creation of a distinct
social science. Comte in particular thought that a science of this kind would be able to
address a lot of the contemporary social problems.
• Early in the 20th century, sociologists like Jane Adam studied crime, poverty, and other
serious issues in urban environments.
Cont.…
• To address social problems systematically and scientifically, sociologists created a new field of
study called “Social Pathology”.
• According to Durkheim, the task of social pathology is to study the abnormal or pathological
conditions of society (Disease of the society).
• Its aim to identify the causes of social diseases and to find ways to remove them.
• It became well-known in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as sociologists looked to apply
scientific ideas to the study of society and identify the root causes of social problems.
• In the study of social pathology, sociologists think of societies as living organisms that need
certain things in order to function properly and Addressing the root causes and taking the
appropriate action (treatment) on social problems may prevent society from collapsing or
weakening.
Approaches to understand social problems
Functionalism Approach
• According to functionalist views, Society is a system which have inter
connected parts and it is functional if it parts maintain the equilibrium, if any
part hinders it makes the society dysfunctional.
• Society’s institutions exist because they serve a purpose in a society that
favors acceptance and stability. This is why they form and endure.
• From a functionalist perspective, each institution in society works together
like organs in a body. A body will malfunction if one of its organs or parts is
not functioning properly, just as a society would fail if one of its institutions
or parts is not functioning effectively. As a result, each component is required
for society to function properly.
Conflict Approach
• Conflict perspective argues that there is a class struggle between the working
class and the ruling class. It focuses on competition among groups within
society over limited resources.
• Society is characterized by pervasive inequality based on social class, race,
gender, and other factors.
• As per conflict perspective, Social problems arise from fundamental faults in
the structure of a society and both reflect and reinforce inequalities based on
social class, race, gender, and other dimensions. Successful solutions to social
problems must involve far-reaching change in the structure of society.
Symbolic Interactionism Approach
• According to symbolic interactionism, people interpret and provide meaning
to symbols according to their own personal experiences, values, and beliefs.
• Symbolic interactionism focuses on the meanings associated with human
interaction, both verbal and nonverbal, as well as symbols. It is thought that
communication, or the interchange of meaning through words and symbols,
is how people interpret their social environments.
• The interactions between people give birth to social problems. People who
participate in socially harmful actions frequently learn them from others.
People also pick up other people's perspectives on social issues through
observation.
Categories of social problems
• Economic Problems

• Biological Problems

• Psychological Problems

• Cultural Problems

• Political Problems
Economic Problems
• Poverty
• Unemployment
• Dependency
• Inflation
• Income Inequality
• Debt
Biological problems
• Disease Outbreaks
• Physical diseases
• Genetic Disorders
• Malnutrition
• Pollution
• Overpopulation
Psychological problems
1 in every 8 people in the world live with a psychological disorder

• Anxiety (In 2019, 301 million people were living with an anxiety
disorder including 58 million children and adolescents)
• Depression (in 2019, 280 million people were living with
depression, including 23 million children and adolescents)
• Substance Use Disorders
• Juvenile delinquency
• Crime
Cultural Social problems
• Ethnic or Racial Discrimination
• Gender Inequality
• Dowry
• Divorce
• Religious disputes
• Caste
Political problems
• Corruption
• Electoral fraud
• Human rights violation
• Political violence (terrorism)
• Lack of infrastructure development
• Weak institution
• Displacement
THE END

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