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IS MATTER AROUND US PURE

The document discusses the classification of matter into pure substances and mixtures, explaining their characteristics and examples. It details the types of mixtures, including homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures, and introduces concepts like solutions, suspensions, and colloids, along with their properties. Additionally, it covers the concentration of solutions and the Tyndall effect, which demonstrates light scattering in colloidal mixtures.

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6 views

IS MATTER AROUND US PURE

The document discusses the classification of matter into pure substances and mixtures, explaining their characteristics and examples. It details the types of mixtures, including homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures, and introduces concepts like solutions, suspensions, and colloids, along with their properties. Additionally, it covers the concentration of solutions and the Tyndall effect, which demonstrates light scattering in colloidal mixtures.

Uploaded by

10710sarah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CLASS IX - CHEMISTRY

L-2 IS MATTER AROUND US PURE?

MATTER
Anything which has mass and occupies space is called matter. It may be
solid, liquid or gas.

On the basis of chemical composition matter is classified into 2 main types;

1. Pure Substances

2. Impure substances (Mixtures)


Pure substances
A substance that consists of only one kind of particle is called a Pure
Substance. Pure substances are of two types-Elements and compounds.
Eg: Diamond, Salt, Iron, Aluminum, sugar, distilled water etc.

Mixture
Mixtures are substances which consists of two or more pure substances
and the components can be separated by physical methods.
Eg: Sugar solution, salt solution, air etc.
Mixtures are of two types based on their composition-Homogeneous and
Heterogeneous mixture.
Homogeneous mixture
A mixture is said to be homogeneous if all the components of the mixture
are uniformly mixed and there are no boundaries of separation between
them.

Eg: Solution-Salt in water, fresh air etc.

Heterogeneous mixtures -
A mixture is sad to be heterogeneous if all the components of the mixture
are not thoroughly mixed and there are visible boundaries of separation
between them.

Eg: suspension- Sand in water, colloids-milk and water, dusty air etc.
Tyndall Effect

(no need to draw in NB)

If a light is passed through a medium and its path can be seen, then the
substance is said to show Tyndall effect.

The scattering of a beam of light is called Tyndall effect.

[ Example: - When a beam of sunlight enters, a dark room through some


hole in the window, path of light becomes visible due to scattering of light
by the colloidal dust particles present in the air of cinema hall or through
the canopy of a dense forest. This shows Tyndall effect.]

Solution

A solution is defined as a homogeneous mixture of two or more


substances.

Eg: Sugar solution, air, alloy, tincture of iodine etc.


A solution as 2 components: -

Solute: The component which is dissolved or which is present in small


amount is called solute.

Solvent: The component which is present in larger amount is called


solvent.

Examples of solutions:

1. Solid in Liquid: - sugar in water, tincture of iodine-[iodine(solute) is


dissolved in alcohol(solvent)] etc.

Tincture of iodine: A solution of iodine in alcohol is known as


tincture of iodine.

Solute- Iodine

Solvent -alcohol

2. Liquid in Liquid: - alcohol in water, Lemonade etc.

3. Gas in Liquid: - soft drinks- CO2 dissolved in water.

4. Solid in Solid: - Alloys such as Brass (copper + zinc), Bronze (copper +


tin) etc.

Alloy: Mixtures of two or more metals or non-metals and cannot be


separated into their components by physical methods, but an alloy is
considered as a mixture because it shows the properties of its
constituents and can have variable composition.
5. Gas in Gas: - air various gases are mixed such as O2(21%) , N2 (78%)
etc.

Properties of Solutions -

1. A solution is a homogeneous mixture.

2. Size of particles is smaller than 1 nm (10–9 m).

3. The particles cannot be seen by naked eyes.

4. It is a stable mixture; solute does not settle down when left undisturbed.

5. Solute particles cannot be separated from the mixture by the process of


filtration.

6. Because of small particle size, they do not scatter light i.e. it does not
show Tyndall effect.

CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTIONS

Depending upon the amount of solute present in a solution, it can be


called a dilute, concentrated, saturated and unsaturated solution.

Dilute – A solution in which the concentration of the solute is much less


than that of the solvent.

Concentrated Solution – A solution with a large amount of solute is called


a Concentrated Solution.

Unsaturated Solution – A solution, in which the amount of solute is less


than saturation level, it called an Unsaturated Solution. (A dilute solution
can be called as an Unsaturated Solution).
Saturated Solution – A solution in which no more solute can be added at
a given temperature is called saturated solution (since it has already
dissolved the maximum amount of solute)

Solubility

Solubility is the amount of solute in a saturated solution at a given


temperature.

Solubility depends on temperature.

Concentration

Amount of solute present in a given amount of solvent or solution.

We can express concentration in the following ways;


Qn.1. A solution contains 40g of common salt in 320g of water. Calculate
the concentration in terms of mass by mass percentage of the solution.

Suspensions-

A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture in which the solute particles do


not dissolve but remain suspended throughout the bulk of medium.

Properties of Suspension -

1. It is a heterogeneous mixture.

2. The particles can be seen by the naked eye.

4. It is unstable mixture. Solute settles down at the bottom when a


suspension is left undisturbed.

5. They can be separated from the mixture by the process of filtration.

6. Particles of a suspension scatter a beam of light passing through it and


make its path visible. i.e. it shows Tyndall effect.
Colloids

Colloids are heterogeneous mixture, due to the relatively smaller size of


particles, the mixture appears to be homogeneous.

Eg: Milk, mist, clouds, starch water etc

The components of a colloidal solution are the dispersed phase and the
dispersion medium.

Dispersed phase-the dispersed particles in a colloid (solute like


component).

Dispersion medium-the component in which the dispersed phase is


suspended (solvent like component).

Properties of a colloid

1. A Colloids is a heterogeneous mixture.


2. The size of particles are too small to be individually seen by naked
eyes.
3. It is a stable mixture; solute does not settle down when left
undisturbed.
4. Particles of a colloid scatter a beam of light passing through it and
make its path visible. i.e. it shows Tyndall effect.
Based on the state of dispersed phase and dispersion medium, common
examples of colloids are as follows;

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