e-ISSN: 0975-1556, p-ISSN:2820-2643

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International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 2024; 16(11); 2043-2046

Original Research Article

An Impact of Liver Cirrhosis on Haematological, Renal & Hepatic
Parameters
Preeti Kumari1, Mohammad Aarif2, Raj Kumar3
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Graphic Era Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun
(Uttarakhand)
2
Tutor, Department of Biochemistry, Shri Shankaracharya Institute of Medical Science, Bhilai, Chattisgarh
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Graphic Era Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun (Uttarakhand)
Received: 25-08-2024 / Revised: 23-09-2024 / Accepted: 26-10-2024
Corresponding Author: Dr. Raj Kumar
Conflict of interest: Nil
Abstract:
Background: Liver disease is a significant global health issue leading to liver failure, cirrhosis, and cancer.
Alcohol is a major cause, accounting for 5% of deaths in India. Understanding liver disease molecular
mechanisms is vital for developing new treatments and reducing cirrhosis-related mortality.
Objective of The Study: To Assess & Compare the haematological, renal, and liver function parameters among
cases and controls.
Material and Methods: The study was conducted at Index Medical College hospitals in Indore. This study
included individuals with chronic alcoholic liver disease who sought medical attention at Gastroenterology
departments of Medical College hospitals located in Indore and estimate the Haematological Investigation,
Kidney Function Test & Liver Function Test.
Result: The study findings demonstrated Haemoglobin concentration and platelet count are highly statistically
significant, Urea are statistically significant while Creatinine is a highly statistically significant in a Liver
Cirrhosis Cases, and Total Bilirubin, AST, ALT and Albumin are highly statistically significant, while Direct
Bilirubin & ALP are statistically significant. Total Protein is statistically not significant in a Liver Cirrhosis
Cases.
Conclusion: Liver Cirrhosis shows Hematologic Abnormalities and Public Health Issues. Study evaluates
mechanisms regulating hemostasis, coagulation, and fibrinolysis. Anemia in cirrhosis linked to hemorrhage, iron
deficiency, and nutrition.
Keywords: Hematologic Abnormalities, Liver Cirrhosis, Fibrinolysis, Hemostasis, Iron Deficiency.
This is an Open Access article that uses a funding model which does not charge readers or their institutions for access and distributed under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) and the Budapest Open Access
Initiative (http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read), which permit unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided original work is properly credited.

Introduction
Liver disease is a significant global health issue also has profound implications for other organ
leading to liver failure, cirrhosis, and cancer. [1] systems, including the haematological and renal
Alcohol is a major cause, accounting for 5% of systems. In this article, we will explore the
deaths in India. [2] Preventing and early detection haematological, renal, and liver function
are crucial. [3] Diagnosis involves a clinical parameters commonly observed in patients with
features like ascites, bleeding, or hepatic cirrhosis of the liver. [5]
encephalopathy. [4] Liver biopsy to confirm
Objective of the Study: To Assess & Compare the
cirrhosis, requiring a multidisciplinary approaches.
haematological, renal, and liver function
[5] Understanding liver disease molecular
parameters among cases and controls.
mechanisms is vital for developing new treatments
and reducing cirrhosis-related mortality. Material and Methods
Cirrhosis of the liver is a chronic liver disease The study was conducted at Index Medical College
characterized by the replacement of healthy liver hospitals in Indore. This study included individuals
tissue with scar tissue, leading to impaired liver with chronic alcoholic liver disease who sought
function. It is a progressive condition that can medical attention at Gastroenterology departments
result from various etiologies such as chronic of Medical College hospitals located in Indore. A
alcohol abuse, viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty total of 200 people is involved in this study (100
liver disease (NAFLD), and autoimmune liver Experimental & 100 Control) with an inclusion
diseases. Cirrhosis not only affects the liver but

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criteria. The statistical analysis was carried out • Collects 4mL blood sample from participants,
using SPSS software. and
• Transfer 2mL to EDTA tube and another 2mL
Biochemical Investigations
to Serum Tube.
• Haematological Investigation: Haemoglobin
Sampling Criteria:
(Cyanmethemoglobin method) & platelet
counts (Optical platelet counting). Inclusion Criteria for Cases: Liver Cirrhosis
• Kidney Function Test: Urea (DAM method), subjects, Age- 30-60 years in both males and
creatinine (Jaffe’s method). females.
• Liver Function Test: Total Bilirubin, Direct
Exclusion Criteria for Cases: Contagious
Bilirubin (Diazo Method), Serum SGOT,
diseases, Rheumatoid arthritis, multiple myeloma,
SGPT, ALP (IFCC method, kinetic), Total
hepatitis B & C, hepatocellular carcinoma.
Protein (Biuret Method), Albumin (Bromocre-
sol green Method). Inclusion Criteria for Control: Subjects free from
cirrhosis of liver, liver disease & non-alcoholic at
Samples Collection:
age 30-60 years in both gender.
• After obtaining informed consent form from
Results
patients.
• Blood Samples are collected from General
Medicine Ward.
Table 1: Age distribution among cases and controls
Age Cases No. Controls No.
30-40 34 30
41 – 50 20 26
51 – 60 46 44
Total 100 100
Table 2: Clinical features of CLD Cases
Clinical features Cases
No. %
Yellowish of the skin and the eyes 54 54
Itchy skin 24 24
Ascites 07 07
Blood in vomiting 06 06
Swollen abdomen & legs 09 09
Total 100 100
Table 3: Haematological parameters among case and controls
Variables Groups Mean & SD P Value
Haemoglobin (g/dl) Case 9.4± 2.1 <0.0001
Control 13.0±2.6
Platelet Count (lakh cells/cu.mm) Case 1.26±0.43 <0.0001
Control 2.71±1.08
Table 4: Renal function parameters among case and controls.
Variables Groups Mean & SD P Value
Urea (mg/dl) Case 13.06±1.02 0.0001
Control 25.13±6.04
Creatinine (mg/dl) Case 1.14±0.26 <0.0001
Control 0.8±0.3
Table 5: Liver function parameters among case and controls.
Variables Groups Mean & SD P Value
Total Bilirubin (mg/dl) Case 5.5±2.1 <0.0001
Control 0.88±0.61
Direct Bilirubin (mg/dl) Case 2.4±1.2 0.0001
Control 0.4±0.2
AST (IU/L) Case 76.1±22.7 <0.0001
Control 20.9±7.2
ALT (IU/L) Case 58± 18.4 <0.0001

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Control 23.1±9.2
AST/ALT ratio Case 1.42±0.44 <0.0001
Control 1.0±0.29
ALP (IU/L) Case 148.6 ± 31.2 0.0001
Control 88.6±18.7
Total Protein (g/dl) Case 6.6 ± 2.04 0.259
Control 6.99± 1
Albumin (g/dl) Case 3.1 ± 0.98 <0.0001
Control 4.7±1.4
A : Gratio Case 0.93±0.26 <0.0001
Control 1.6 ± 0.41

The study findings demonstrated Haemoglobin sequestration and decreased TPO (Thrombopoietin)
concentration and platelet count are highly production. Abnormal hematologic indices lead to
statistically significant in a Liver Cirrhosis Cases, poor prognosis and increased mortality.
Urea are statistically significant while Creatinine is
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