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Soviet
Middlegame · �
Technique
by Peter Romanovs
QUALΙτv CHESS
Chess Classics
Soviet Middlegame
Technique
By
Peter Romanovsky
Quality Chess
www.qualitychess.co. uk
First English edition 20 1 3 by Quality Chess UK Ltd
Rσmaησvsky was uηdeterred aηd fiηally recreated his improved bσσk iη 1 960. His writiηg was
later traηslated ίηtο Eηglish aηd published ίη twσ titles - οηe ση Plaηηiηg aηd the σther οη
Cσmbiηatiσηs. Ιη this fresh traηslatiση we have iηcluded bσth works to create the ultimate
versioη σf a classic of Sσviet chess literature.
As with our previσus Sσviet classics, the origiηal editiηg ίη Russiaη was doηe by ΙΜ Ilya Odessky,
before Johη Sugdeη skilfully traηslated the wσrk ίηtο Eηglish, theη the editors σf Quality Chess
made our coηtributiση. Mσderη players aηd cσmputers caη σf course improve ση some of the
σrigiηal aηalysis, sσ we have corrected various tactical oversights. Hσwever, the true value σf
Rσmaηovsky was always based οη his iηsightful words aηd that remaiηs the case today.
Peter Rσmaησvsky had to fight hard to get his wσrk published, so we hope the readers will
appreciate this classic text frσm the Sσviet chess schσol.
lntroduction 7
(Α) General System 8
(i) Basic concepts 8
(ii) Concrete scheme 1Ο
(iii) Dynamics 18
(iv) Harmony 25
(Β) Squares 35
(i) Weak point 35
(ii) The "permanent" knight 37
(iii) Weak squares on the sixth (third) rank 42
(iv) Α few conclusions 49
(C) Open Lines 50
a weak move
?? a blunder
a good move
!! an excellent move
!? a move worth considering
?! a move of doubtful value
# mate
lntroduction
Ίhe middlegame is the ηame giveη to the ceηtral phase σf a game σf chess. It is characterized by
a relatively large quaηtity σf fσrces ίη actiση ση bσth σρρσsίηg sides. Other characteristics σf this
segmeηt σf the game are the passive situatiση σf the kiηgs aηd the cσηstaηt threats arisiηg ίη the
parts σf the battlefield where the kiηgs are lσcated. Ίhreats that arise ίη successiση aηd are liηked
by a siηgle purpσse coηstitute aη attack, which ίη the middlegame σfteη has the kiηg ρσsίtίση as
its σbjective. Ιη this, the middlegame differs frσm the eηdgame σr coηcludiηg phase σf the play
- where the quaηtity σf fσrces ίη actiση is relatively small, where attacks ση the kiηg are rare, aηd
where, fiηally, the kiηgs assume aη active rσle. Iηdeed this suddeη emplσymeηt σf the kiηgs ίη
cσηtrast to their previσus rσle is the chief sigη σf the distiηctiση betweeη the eηdgame phase aηd
the middlegame.
It gσes withσut sayiηg that the limited amσuηt σf fσrces ίη actiση ίη the eηdgame ησticeably
ηarrσws the circle σf creative ideas - the diversity σf which, coηversely, is a distiηguishiηg feature
σf the middlegame. Ίhe theσry σf maηy eηdgames supplies defiηitive cσηclusiσηs, aηd ίη the
eηdgame the sigηificaηce σf techηique - that is, the applicatiση σf theσretical laws aηd priηciples
to practical play - greatly iηcreases. It is the middlegame struggle that mσst fully aηd dramatically
briηgs out the creative substaηce of the art of chess. Ίhe paramouηt creative factor ίη the chess
struggle - cσmbiηatioη - maηifests itself chiefly ίη the ceηtral phase. Ίhe middlegame gives the
stroηgest stimulus to a chess player's imagiηatioη aηd iηveηtive thought; it teηds to give the mσst
distiηct expressiση both to his purely humaη traits (temperameηt, bσldηess, iηgeηuity aηd sσ
forth) aηd to the peculiarities σf his chess style - the views ση the game, the curreηt of ideas σr
schσol, to which he subscribes. It is ηο accideηt that the materials of the middlegame, if viewed
ίη a historical perspective, eηable us to trace the evolutioη of chess ideas with a high degree of
precisiση.
Apart from the middlegame aηd eηdgame, there is the σρeηίηg - the iηitial stage of the game,
where theory deals with questioηs about the purpσseful develσpmeηt σf the pieces. At the start σf
the σpeηiηg stage, duriηg the first 3-5 moves, the quaηtity offorces ο η the board is at its maximum,
aηd ίη mσst cases it remaiηs very substaηtial up to the very momeηt wheη the middlegame
commeηces. Ιη this respect, the character σf the play ίη the σpeηίηg aηd middlegame stages is
similar. Ίhere is also, however, a crucial differeηce: the ideas of the σρeηίηg are basically ceηtred
οη achieviηg full mobilizatioη, whereas the plaηs ίη the middlegame arise from the pσssibility of
actiσηs with pieces already mσbilized - which immeasurably wideηs the creative hσrizoη σf the
ideas.
Of course, betweeη σpeηiηg aηd middlegame there is bouηd to be a very close liηk. Ιη the
opeηiηg you should ηοt simply be mobiliziηg your pieces but arraηgiηg them ίη such a way that
they caη play the role destiηed for them ίη the iηitial stage σf the middlegame. Ιη σther words,
the middlegame plaηs shσuld lσgically coηtiηue the σρeηίηg liηe σf play, mergiηg with it ίηtο a
siηgle systematic prσject.
8 Peter Romanovsky
ι ... Φf6 2.Φg4 Φg6 3.Φχh4 Φh6 4.Φg4 l .e5 Φe7 2.Φd5 Φd7 3.e6t Φe8 4.Φe5
Φg6 s.Φf4 Φhs 6.Φe4 Φh4 7.Φds Φχb3 Φe7
s.Φcs Φg4 9.Φb6 Φf5 ι ο.Φχa6 Φe6 Black tries not to let the white king reach f6,
but White has a possible way to achieve this.
a b c d e f g h
ι ι .Φb7
And the pawn reaches its promotion square
unhindered.
� �� �
7 - �� �� �
s
6
�
ill� � =� f�
45.�. �
� ��-J%11- -%
�� -��.�" f
� -� � �
a b c d e g h
� J%11�- ���
It looks as if the second task of the plan is
�
also solved, but . . .
between several aims and various means of Ίhe process of the struggle according to a
attaining them. Ίhe ability to choose the best plan can be divided into three stages:
and surest of them generally stems from the
accuracy of his assessment of the position. ( 1 ) Preparation for the general battle.
(2) Ίhe fight for an advantage.
Let us ponder the starting position of the (3) Ίhe exploitation of that advantage.
game.
Success in the first stage is decided to a
considerable extent in the opening. Ίhe chief
and most complex stage is undoubtedly the
second. Ίhe third stage is that of reckoning up.
as strategic errors. Α tactical error is a mistake d5 and e4. If White doesn't offer suitable
in calculation, a failure to see the opponent's resistance, Black will occupy e4 with a knight
reply - anything that makes it more difficult and then fortifY this outpost with . . . f5 . Such a
or wholly impossible to carry out the concrete set-up, which sometimes occurs in the Dutch
strategic design. Defence, promises Black good chances of
In the process of the struggle you sometimes attacking on the kingside.
reach positions where it is hard to identifY a From playing a modest move with a
realistic goal and hence to draw up a concrete queenside pawn in the opening, to mating the
scheme. In these cases you have to be content opponent's king - such is the genuine scope of
with judgements of a general nature; your a specific creative idea!
specific thoughts, on the whole, will be
directed to forestalling your opponent's threats 3.tDc3
- until suitable targets for a plan come to light, White's plan is to organize pressure ofhis own
and the struggle enters the realm of concrete against the e4-square and to prepare the move
projects. Sometimes in positions that are e2-e4. In chess theory, pawns standing side by
closed by the pawn chains, the play necessarily side on e4 and d4 are termed a pawn centre.
takes the form of more or less protracted In due course we shall give special attention
manoeuvres with the pieces. to this important positional factor. For the
In such cases a probing mode of action, moment we should note that the pawn centre
which perhaps can hardly even be called a is one of the most powerful weapons in the
plan at all, comes on the agenda. Its goal fight for the central squares, and in most cases
is very vague or wholly non-existent; the can be regarded as a positional gain. Hence
moves either take on a prevaricating character the threat to set up a pawn centre usually gives
or else have nothing but narrowly tactical rise to appropriate counter-measures from the
motives. other side.
In these conditions, when a player's thought
has no clear-cut objects and consequently 3 ...i.b7 4.i.g5
there can be no concrete schemes, the play
often proceeds in a state of equilibrium and
culminates in a draw. From the creative
viewpoint, games on these lines are of little
interest; in point of ideas, they are colourless.
In the light of these remarks, let us examine
the element of planning and the concrete
schemes in the following games.
Κ. Κlaman V. Smyslov
-
Black is ίη a dilemma as to whether to evidently not sensing the full danger of his
prevent this, and by what means. Α good way of position.
fighting against White's pawn centre would be
to attack his central pawn at once, in this case 10.'�6 tlJ c6? 1 1 .'1Wh3 g6?
by 4 . . . c5. If White answers this by exchanging Finally a tactical oversight too, albeit in a
pawns or playing 5.e3, Black's problem is difficult situation.
solved. However White also has another
possibility available - 5 .d5, or first 5.i.xf6 gxf6 After the correct l l . . . t2Jxe5 1 2.dxe5 t2Je4
(or 5 . . . exf6) and then 6.d5, severely cramping 1 3.i.xe4 dxe4 1 4.E:ad l '1We8 White's advantage
the enemy's queenside pieces. Evidently this is not in doubt, but his victory is still a long
is what led Black to think that the invasion way off.
of e4 by the white king's pawn had to be
mechanically barred.
4... d5?
Although this move prevents the formation
of a pawn centre, it nonetheless constitutes a
serious strategic error. The point is that it goes
against the line of action that Black planned
with his second and third moves. His bishop
on b7, and his queenside forces in general, are
deprived of their activity. Moreover Black is
allowing the enemy knight to invade on e5,
since he is denying himself the option of ... d6
to control that square. a b c d e f g h
White now has a concrete plan at his 12.J.a6!
disposal for an almost irresistible attack against Α sharp-witted and unexpected idea, leading
his opponent's castled position. The next phase to the win of the exchange.
of the game shows how easily he executes this
plan. 12 .. .'�c8
1 2 . . . i.xa6 makes no difference: 1 3 .t2Jxc6
5.e3 e6 6.tlJ e5 J.e7 7.J.b5t c6 s.J.d3 c5 '1We8 1 4.t2Jxe7t '1Wxe7 1 5 .'\Wh4 Φg7 1 6.i.h6t
9.0-0
Black meets 9.i.b5 t with 9 . . . Φf8, when in 13.tlJxc6 fNxc6 14.J.xb7 1!Nxb7 15.11Nh4 Φg7
view of the threatened ... c4 the white bishop 16.J.h6t
will be in danger. It must, however, be emphasized that
White's idea is founded on the weakening of
9 ... 0-0? Black's kingside resulting from . . . g6, so in itself
Straight into White's attack! He should it is perfectly logical. We may say it forms the
have played 9 . . . a6, so as to guard the b5- culmination of White's entire plan.
square and then try to exchange off his That said, in the actual game White didn't go
opponent's centralized knight with . . . t2J bd7 in for the win of the exchange but contented
or . . . t2Jc6. Black has not formed a concrete himself with a draw after 1 6 ... Φg8 1 7.i.g5
plan of defence but is making routine moves, Φg7 etc.
Soviet Middlegame Technique 13
a b c d e f g h
9 ... llJe8?
Ίhis retreat lacks any concrete aim, and
worsens the placing of Black's pieces still
further. Without the advance . . . e5, Black
5 ... e6? cannot solve the problems that face him. His
Black's misfortunes begin with this move. play from here on ought to be devoted to
He unexpectedly refrains from carrying out his preparing this pawn move.
plan, which (afrer for instance 5 . . . �xf3 6.�xf3
e5 7.�g5 c6, followed by �e7 and 0-0) would Black can play 9 . . . 8:e8 (intending . . .�f8 next) .
secure him a perfectly satisfactory position. White may then reply 1 0.'1Wd2, hoping for
Instead he switches to pure "trench warfare" 1 0 . . .�f8 l l .Ξ:ad l e5 1 2.dxe5 dxe5 1 3 .lίJxe5!
and waiting tactics. Meanwhile White of l2Jxe5 1 4.'\WxdS Ξ:axd8 1 5 .8:xd8 Ξ:χd8
course mobilizes his whole army, preparing a 1 6.�xh5 l2Jxh5 1 7.�xe5 with the advantage.
general offensive in rhe centre. However, the white queen being momentarily
undefended allows Black to immediately
6.h3 i.h5 advance 1 0 . . . e5, as l l .dxe5 dxe5 1 2.l2Jxe5 ??
Even now he should have reverted to l2Jxe5 1 3.'1Wxd8 �xd8 would cost White a
the indicared plan. Ίhe bishop's retreat is piece.
completely aimless.
Another continuation is 9 . . .�xf3 1 0.�xf3 e5
7.0-0 �e7 8.c4 0-0 l l .�h2 c6, and only then . . .Ξ:e8 and . . . �f8,
Black has landed in a cramped posιrιon. which would ensure Black good possibilities of
Most of his pieces - both rooks, the queen, resistance.
14 Peter Romanovsky
Black could play l l . . . e5 at this point, when Otherwise after b4-b5 White will open the
White should simply withdraw his bishop, as b-file to his advantage.
the attempt to refute it tactically with 1 2.dxe5
fxe5 1 3.t2Jxe5 ? backfires after 13 . . . i.xe2 19.a4
1 4.'1Wd5t Φh8 1 5 .t2Jxd7 !Ξixf4 1 6.exf4 i.xd l White's plan is clear and specific - to open
1 7.2Ξixd l '1Wxd7. the a-file, occupy it with his major pieces and
break into his opponent's camp.
12.i.h2 c6 13.e4 Φh8?
Both now and ο η the next two moves, . . . e5 19 a6 20.axb5 axb5 2 1 .gal ge8
.•.
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
a b c d e f g h
16.c5!
22 ...'iMc8 23.geal 'iMb7 24.'iMb2 tί:!e6 25.ga3
Ίhe beginning of a concrete plan which has
tί:l c7
a queenside pawn storm as its aim.
16 ... d5
lnstead 16 . . .'1Wc7 is bad in view of 1 7.cxd6
i.xd6 1 8 .e5! winning a piece by force.
8
work quite hard to unravel his forces on the
queenside.
6
shows no ambition to constrain his opponent,
5
he restricts the actions of his own queenside
pieces. This allows Black to implement a
3
White's plan is extremely modest: he is going
to play c2-c4, lLJc3, j,e2 (or j,d3), 0-0, b2-b3
1
be extracted from such a set-up. In this way
he voluntarily relinquishes the initiative in
the opening, which cannot be recommended.
a b c d e f g h Mter either 3.c4 or 3 .j,f4, Black could not feel
The aim is achieved. The next stage - that free from cares as he does in the game.
of exploiting White's advantage - now begins.
3 ...ig4 4.c4 e6 s.lίJc3
30.lίJxb5 Ο η 5."Wb3 Black has 5 . . . "\Wb6, after which it's
This sacrifice is not the only path to victory; hard for White to think up an active concrete
30.1Ξi:c7 "Wd8 3 1 ."Wa7 is also sufficient. plan.
l .d4 d5 2.lίJf3 c6
Already on move 2, we can see the play
starting to be planned. On 3.c4, Black can
capture the pawn and subsequently defend his
gain with . . . b5; while 3 .j,f4 allows him to put
pressure on the weakened b2-point by means
of . . . "Wb6.
16 Peter Romanovsky
Both sides have completed the opening vanatιon 1 0 ... exd4 1 U2Jxd4 brings about aπ
deployment of their forces, according to their exchange of light-squared bishops and hands
respective plans. The middlegame struggle the initiative to White once his knight lands
begins with a move of Black's, which definitely on f5 . But after 1 0 . . . e4 the specific idea of a
counts as an achievement for him. Another dangerous break with f2-f3 becomes feasible.
point that counts against White is that in this
situation his queen's knight would be better This plan is not the only one. White could
placed on d2 than c3. Where does the chief also clear up the position in the centre with
blame lie? For one thing, when drawing up his 1 0.cxd5 exd4 1 1 .exd4 lt.Jxd5 1 2.lt.Jxd5 cxd5,
development plan, White failed to link it to a but in that case any concrete planning would
basic strategic scheme in a sufficiently concrete be hampered by the pin against the knight on
way. Secondly, he didn't pay due attention to f3 and the passive placing of the bishop on b2.
the tactical refinements of the opening. The
moves id3 and lt.Jc3 were played according On the other hand, a livelier option is: 1 Ο .dxe5
to stereotype - because the aim of White's lt.Jxe5 1 1 .lt.Jxd5 (After 1 1 .ie2 lt.Jxf3t 1 2.ixf3
opening plan was too hazy and vague; because ixf3 1 3.Wxf3 dxc4 1 4.Ei:ad 1 Wc8, Black's extra
his project proved lacking in concreteness. pawn on the queenside could imperceptibly
In such circumstances, a player has difficulty turn into a strategic asset with the further
deciding whether his bishop is better on e2 or simplification ofthe game.) 1 1 . . . lt.Jxf3t 1 2.gxf3
d3, or whether his knight belongs on c3 or d2. ih3 1 3.lt.Jxe7t Wxe7 1 4.�h 1 ! (not 1 4.Ei:e 1
lt.Je4 1 5 .f4 Ei:ad8 1 6.We2 Ei:xd3 1 7.Wxd3 We6,
9 ... e5 and Black wins) 14 . . . ixfl 1 5 .Wxfl White
Α plan that leads to pawn exchanges, and evidently had no wish for such a sharp fight,
hence opens up the game - and is bound to entailing as it does a certain risk.
provoke a skirmish with pieces and sometimes
a full-scale battle - can be described as playing 10 ... e4 1 1 .lt.Jd2 i.xe2 12.Wfxe2 i.b4!
8
to sharpen the position. Black's decision
was no doubt prompted by the peculiarities
of Botvinnik's style, and also perhaps by
7
6
considerations relating to the overall contest.
3
consequent gain of space in the centre and
οη the kingside. The initial move of this plan
would be 9 . . . ib4, and if 1 0.a3 then 1 0 . . .ixc3
2
1
l l .ixc3 lt.Je4 1 2.ie 1 f5 .
10.i.e2
White declines the challenge, but the move a b c d e f g h
he makes is not just a retreat - it initiates a The attention of both opponents is fixed
subtle and very specific plan of counterattack. on the e4-point, and a struggle begins for
The point is that Black now has nothing possession of it. With his last move Black is
better than to push his e-pawn to e4. The not only trying to exchange off the knight on
Soviet Middlegame Technique 17
c3; by clearing the e-file, he enables his major Black could also have chosen 15 . . . exf3,
pieces to make contact with the crucial square. transposing to the previous note.
13.a3?!
�� � � � • m
Losing aπ important tempo in the fight for
e4.
7 �ilf�IB/ ι-;wι
- -% r
s
. ,.-,.
strength in view of 1 3 . . . j,xc3 1 4.j,xc3 :!"1e8,
:"
when Black maintains control of the e4-square
and has a good outpost there for his pieces in
�
4 -;: � ��kJ - - % r�
;; ii111
�
the event of 1 5 .fXe4 tΔxe4.
3 -�Δ� � -
w. wtj �/ Δ-� �
- -
2 - - �%� ."'";
""'�mv�� �
� -----Υ-�----
Ίhere was, however, another plan at White's
1 m
disposal - involving a pawn attack on the
kingside, or a breakthrough with pawns in
the centre if Black should exchange off his � · � �
e4-pawn. We are speaking of 1 3.f4, when a b c d e f g h
Black could choose to adopt a defensive stance 17.E:afl?!
with 1 3 . . . :!"1e8 1 4.g4 Φhs 1 5 .g5 tΔg8 1 6.Wg4 Again consistent, but. . . giving too little
tίJ f8 1 7.f5 Wd7, but should prefer to capture consideration to Black's counterplay. Ίhe
with 1 3 . . . exf3 1 4.gxf3 ( 1 4.Wxf3!?) 1 4 . . .j,xc3 goal White is pursuing is unattainable, and
1 5 .j,xc3 :!"1e8 1 6.:!"1ae l tΔh5 1 7.Wg2 :!"1e6, his scheme proves to be without concrete
giving a very sharp position that is difficult to substance.
assess but may be a little in Black's favour.
Ίhe move offering more hope was still 1 7.f4,
13 ... hc3 14.hc3 E:e8 15.f3 for instance: 17 ... Wf5 1 8.h3 h5 1 9 .Φh2 h4
Consistently pursuing the plan that White 20.:!"1g l , followed by opening the g-file.
conceived on move 1 0.
17 ... exf3
At this point 1 5 .f4 would force Black into Finally! White cannot now play 1 8.gxf3
1 5 ... exf3, but this is nothing he should be in view of 1 8 . . . tίJg6, and if 1 9 .Wd3 then
afraid of: 1 9 . . . We6, winning the e3-pawn.
a) On 1 6.gxf3, he continues . . . tίJh5, with
the threats of . . . tίJf4 and . . . Wg5t. Ίhe white 18.E:xf3 E:e6
e3-pawn is very weak. Black's concrete project triumphs. Ίhe e4-
b) White should therefore play 1 6.Wxf3, square is in his hands, while the e3-pawn is
when after 1 6 . . . We7 1 7.:!"1fe l ( 1 7.:!"1ae l Wxa3) weak and easily vulnerable to the attack along
1 7 ... tίJ e4 1 8.tΔxe4 Wxe4 1 9.cxd5 cxd5 the the file. All Black's pieces are taking part in the
position is just slightly better for Black; the offensive, while the enemy bishop and knight
outpost for his pieces on e4 is counter-balanced are largely inactive.
by the open c-file.
19.'Wd3 E:ae8 20.lfJb l lfJg6 21.i.el ?
15 ... ltJf8 Α tactical oversight which, like other similar
18 Peter Romanovsky
8
certain stages of the game, which may be quite
lengthy ones, the goal remains unobtrusive; it
6
the struggle. The paths leading in the direction
5
of the goal are the element of dynamics.
Some games are packed with an abundance
4
of tactical ideas. For this very reason, they are
3
characterized by frequent and qualitatively
vital changes in the nature of the position. Such
1
games where the positions succeed one another
without undergoing serious changes to their
type can be described as lacking in dynamism.
a b c d e f g h In these games, the intensity of the struggle
22.Wfxc4 is mollified and the emotional factor in chess
In the event of 22.bxc4 lί:Je5, White loses thought is weakly expressed.
the exchange. This may have been the point he It is true that, strictly speaking, dynamics are
missed when making his previous move. inherent in the process of virtually any game
to some extent or other. If dynamics disappear
22 Eixe3 23.Eixe3 Elxe3
•.•
the struggle becomes static, the creatiνe
The struggle enters its final phase, in which content grows dim and sometimes dies away
the acquired advantage is exploited. Black has altogether. It is no accident that the laws of
an extra pawn and a strong position - this is chess allow for a draw if the position repeats
fully adequate to finish the game quickly. itself for the third time, or if there is no capture
and no change to the pawn position during a
24..tf2 tίJ d5! 25.lί:Jd2 sequence of 50 moves.
Or 25.ixe3 lί:Jxe3 26.Wfd3 lί:Jxfl 27.'l7xfl The dynamics of the game are closely
lί:J f4 28 .Wfe4 lί:J e6, winning a second pawn. associated with concreteness of thought,
just as concreteness of thought is in many
25 tίJgf4 26.h3 Elc3 27.Wfa4 lίJe2t 28.Φh2
•.•
ways defined by its dynamism. Thus it was
�xh3t that an emphatic dynamism distinguished
After 29.gxh3 lί:J df4 White is mated next the play of Chigorin, Lasker, Pillsbury and
move. Alekhine. The same applies to the majority
0-1 of Soviet Grandmasters and masters. On the
This game, like the two preceding ones, other hand, players with a preference for the
is a model illustration of concrete schemes slow unfolding of events, and endowed with
Soviet Middlegame Technique 19
excessive prudence, are familiar both from before his death, Nimzowitsch lost a match
chess history and in our own day. to Stahlberg even though he undoubtedly
Sometimes the thinking of one and the same surpassed him in strength, knowledge and
chess player undergoes major transformations. experience. We cannot help seeing a cause of
In this connection, the case of Nimzowitsch Nimzowitsch's defeat in the vein of dogmatism
offers an interesting and instructive example. that characterized his thinking in that match.
In the first period ofhis career, Nimzowitsch's Dynamic planning is not temporizing or
fiery temperament, the dynamics of his restraining or blockading, but anticipating and
thinking, and his superb and original preparing the desirable course of events.
imagination brought him deserved renown as Characterizing the play of Staunton, the
a master of the art of chess. As long as he was renowned nineteenth-century English player,
just such an artist, his competitive and creative Morphy saw his chief defect in a lack of ability
path was adorned with a series of brilliant to anticipate the course of events. Interpreting
achievements; he gained the reputation Morphy's thought, we may say that he was
of a great innovator, constantly searching, reproaching Staunton with insufficient
constantly daring. dynamism in his play.
From a certain moment on, however, Striving for dynamism in the execution of
Nimzowitsch conceived grand ideas of himself a plan means seeking the shortest paths and
as a philosopher of chess, a bearer of chess truth, most energetic methods to achieve the aim.
a proclaimer of chess justice. Opposing the The practical material we shall examine in
conservative views of Tarrasch, particularly in the following pages provides good samples of
the matter of the centre, Nimzowitsch himself dynamic, purposeful thought.
imperceptibly slipped into a conservative
attitude. Out of certain devices of the struggle Α. Alekhine Ε. Bogoljubow
-
— Pois!… Pois!
*****
*****
Kun hän tointui sen verran, että sai avatuksi silmäluomensa, niin
Okuran kalmankeltaiset kasvot olivat kumartuneina hänen ylitseen.
Japanilaisen verestävät silmät hehkuivat kuin kekäleet, julma piirre
oli hänen punaisten huultensa ympärillä, sieraimet laajenivat ja
supistuivat kuin pedon, ja rinta valtavasti kohosi ja laski…
*****
*****
Pappi taisi puhua jotakin, kysyä jotakin? Ehkä hän hänelle vastasi.
Tohtori kenties suuteli hänen huuliaan. Mutta miten etäällä, miten
etäällä hän olikaan heistä. Kuin hyvin kaukaa kuului äänten sorinaa.
Jollakin lailla hän kai joutui vaunuihin, jotka lähtivät liikkeelle…
— Mikä minun on? kysyi Laura äkkiä, kovalla äänellä. Hän tunsi
olevansa hyvissä voimissa.
— Älä ole huolissasi, nyt voin aivan hyvin. Mikä päivä nyt on?
*****
Valonheittäjä.
Kuten sanoin, siitä asti olen ollut hänen orjansa, jokaisen hetkeni
elänyt vain hänen kauttaan. Mutta hän ei ollut minua
näkevinäänkään, ja läsnäolonikin tuntui olevan hänelle jollain tavoin
alentavaa ja kiusaavaa. Ei hän sentään loukannut minua; ehkäpä se
ei kannattanut hänen mielestään. Tein kaikkeni kiinnittääkseni hänen
huomionsa itseeni, olin kärsivällinen ja annoin ajan kulua. Tottelin
hänen veljeänsä kuin jumalaa vain hänen tähtensä. Mutta mitä se
auttoi!
Vihdoin saattoi huono menestykseni minut raivoon. Ujouteni katosi
täydelleen, tulin pahaksi, ja itsetietoisesti tein ilkeyksiä. Kerran
pysähdyin vartavasten portaitten eteen, kun Salme tuli ulos, ja
katsoin häntä julkeasti suoraan kasvoihin, käännyinpä vielä hänen
jälkeensäkin. Näin hänen punastuvan hiusmartoon asti, ja hänen
käyntinsä tuli ikäänkuin ylpeämmäksi.
Toiste asetuin siten, että hän avatessaan löi ovella otsaani. Kasvot
tummina meni hän ohitseni, sanaakaan virkkamatta tai edes
katsahtamatta. Mutta veljelleen hän huusi tarpeettoman äänekkäästi
ja pilkallisesti:
Muuten oli elämäni surkeata. Einar oli aivan hulluna, ponnisteli yöt
ja päivät. Hänellä oli joitakin kemiallisia vehkeitä, ja kun en niitä
ymmärtänyt enkä osannut auttaa häntä, sain olla aivan jouten.
Tupakoin ja viheltelin ikävissäni ja harhailin metsissä. Aika tuntui
pitkältä. — Salme näytti säälivän ja pelkäävän veljeään. Huomasin,
että häntä halutti kysyä minulta jotakin, mutta ei saanut sitä
tehdyksi. Päätin olla ylpeätä poikaa, en ollut tietävinäni.
Aika kävi minulle pitkäksi. Omin lupini aloin puuhailla erään hänen
keksintönsä kanssa, jota hän nimitti sähköturbiiniksi, mielestäni
kuitenkin aivan väärin. Pidin konetta hänen nerokkaimpana
luomanaan, vaikkei sillä ollutkaan sanottavaa käytännöllistä
merkitystä huonon tehonsa takia. Olin varma, että hän liian nopeasti
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