Data science is an interdisciplinary academic field[1] that uses statistics,

scientific computing, scientific methods, processing, scientific visualization,

Data science also integrates domain knowledge from the underlying application
domain (e.g., natural sciences, information technology, and medicine).[3] Data
science is multifaceted and can be described as a science, a research paradigm,
a research method, a discipline, a workflow, and a profession.[4]

Data science is "a concept to unify statistics, data analysis, informatics, and
their related methods" to "understand and analyze actual phenomena" with data.
[5] It uses techniques and theories drawn from many fields within the context of
mathematics, statistics, computer science, information science, and domain
knowledge.[6] However, data science is different from computer science and
information science. Turing Award winner Jim Gray imagined data science as a
"fourth paradigm" of science (empirical, theoretical, computational, and now
data-driven) and asserted that "everything about science is changing because of
the impact of information technology" and the data deluge.[7][8]

A data scientist is a professional who creates programming code and combines it

Foundations
Data science is an interdisciplinary field[10] focused on extracting knowledge
from typically large data sets and applying the knowledge from that data to
solve problems in other application domains. The field encompasses preparing
data for analysis, formulating data science problems, analyzing data, and
summarizing these findings. As such, it incorporates skills from computer
science, mathematics, data visualization, graphic design, communication, and
business.[11]

Vasant Dhar writes that statistics emphasizes quantitative data and description.
In contrast, data science deals with quantitative and qualitative data (e.g.,
from images, text, sensors, transactions, customer information, etc.) and
emphasizes prediction and action.[12] Andrew Gelman of Columbia University has
described statistics as a non-essential part of data science.[13] Stanford
professor David Donoho writes that data science is not distinguished from
statistics by the size of datasets or use of computing and that many graduate
programs misleadingly advertise their analytics and statistics training as the
essence of a data-science program. He describes data science as an applied field
growing out of traditional statistics.[14]

Etymology
Early usage
In 1962, John Tukey described a field he called "data analysis", which resembles
modern data science.[14] In 1985, in a lecture given to the Chinese Academy of
Sciences in Beijing, C. F. Jeff Wu used the term "data science" for the first
time as an alternative name for statistics.[15] Later, attendees at a 1992
statistics symposium at the University of Montpellier II acknowledged the
emergence of a new discipline focused on data of various origins and forms,
combining established concepts and principles of statistics and data analysis
with computing.[16][17]

The term "data science" has been traced back to 1974, when Peter Naur proposed
it as an alternative name to computer science.[6] In 1996, the International
Federation of Classification Societies became the first conference to
specifically feature data science as a topic.[6] However, the definition was
still in flux. After the 1985 lecture at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in
Beijing, in 1997 C. F. Jeff Wu again suggested that statistics should be renamed
data science. He reasoned that a new name would help statistics shed inaccurate
stereotypes, such as being synonymous with accounting or limited to describing
data.[18] In 1998, Hayashi Chikio argued for data science as a new,
interdisciplinary concept, with three aspects: data design, collection, and
analysis.[17]

Modern usage
In 2012, technologists Thomas H. Davenport and DJ Patil declared "Data
Scientist: The Sexiest Job of the 21st Century",[19] a catchphrase that was
picked up even by major-city newspapers like the New York Times[20] and the
Boston Globe.[21] A decade later, they reaffirmed it, stating that "the job is
more in demand than ever with employers".[22]

[23] In 2014, the American Statistical Association's Section on Statistical

The professional title of "data scientist" has been attributed to DJ Patil and
Jeff Hammerbacher in 2008.[25] Though it was used by the National Science Board
in their 2005 report "Long-Lived Digital Data Collections: Enabling Research and
Education in the 21st Century", it referred broadly to any key role in managing
a digital data collection.[26]
Data analysis typically involves working with structured datasets to answer
specific questions or solve specific problems. This can involve tasks such as
data cleaning and data visualization to summarize data and develop hypotheses
about relationships between variables. Data analysts typically use statistical
methods to test these hypotheses and draw conclusions from the data.[27]

Data involves working with larger datasets that often require advanced
computational and statistical methods to analyze. Data scientists often work
with unstructured data such as text or images and use machine learning
algorithms to build predictive models. Data science often uses statistical
analysis, data preprocessing, and supervised learning.[28][29]Machine learning
(ML) is a field of study in artificial intelligence concerned with the
development and study of statistical algorithms that can learn from data and
generalize to unseen data, and thus perform tasks without explicit instructions.
[1] Within a subdiscipline in machine learning, advances in the field of deep
learning have allowed neural networks, a class of statistical algorithms, to
surpass many previous machine learning approaches in performance.[2]

ML finds application in many fields, including natural language processing,