International Journal of Engineering Technology and Management Sciences

Website: ijetms.in Issue: 5 Volume No.6 Aug-Sept – 2022

DOI:10.46647/ijetms.2022.v06i05.125 ISSN: 2581-4621

CLOSED LOOP BIDIRECTIONAL BUCK-BOOST CONVERTER

FOR BATTERY
MITHULKIRUTHIK K S1, KARTHICK K2, KIRITHARAN C3, N.RISHIKESH4
1, 2, 3
UG- DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, BANNARI
AMMAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SATHYAMANGALAM.
4
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING, BANNARI AMMAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SATHYAMANGALAM

ABSTRACT:
Charging and discharging batteries A DC bus (with a constant voltage), a battery, a common load, and a
bidirectional two-switch Buck-Boost DC-DC converter are used here.1- The control of battery charging
as well discharging is based on using PI controllers 2- The other is for battery current regulation. The
presented case study includes two modes of operation: 1-Charging mode: automatically activated when
the DC bus is connected and the control objective i.e.: set point (of the PI closed loop) becomes the full
voltage of the battery. 2-Discharging mode: automatically activated when the DC bus is NOT connected
and the control objective (of the PI closed loop) becomes load voltage to maintain the constant load
voltage during discharging. In control topology, a distinct control as well as pulse width modulation
(PWM) system is created for each mode of operation using the voltage feedback control strategy.
This method of charging and discharging can be used in a vehicle to grid and grid to a vehicle (here
vehicle is considered as battery source/ DC source because of the same operation. Renewable energy can
be used as a source to reduce pollution. The other mode of charging and discharging can be done with
the help of solar as renewable resources to charge the battery. These are the way by which the closed
loop buck-boost converter are been used for the battery operation.

KEYWORDS: Buck-Boost Converter, Battery, Controller, Charging/Discharging, renewable energy

source.

1. INTRODUCTION:
Sustainable power sources are the most generally concentrated on electric power sources like breeze
turbines and photovoltaic cells which are the most well-known inexhaustible sources. The photovoltaic
model acquires an extraordinary consideration somewhat recently as it has not had a moving part and
delivers less contamination to climate. The result normal for PV cluster relies upon boundaries radiation
power and temperature. Expanding the temperature is diminishing the power created by the PV module
at MPP. While an expansion in radiation force can cause expanding in the created power in the greatest
power point of the PV Module. The PV cells work with the greatest result power and track the most
extreme accessible result force of the PV cluster and make the PV framework more productive. In the
industries, homes & Electric Vehicles (EVs) with onboard batteries are fit for supporting the network
with enormous reconciliation of environmentally friendly power sources by engrossing (charging) the
extreme measure of energy and returning it (releasing) to stack when required. The battery is considered
to be a vital part of the system, which delivers the power during a power shortage time. The few types of
batteries are Lithium-Ion (Li-On), Nickel-Metal Hybrid (NiMH), Lead Acid (SLA), and Ultra capacitor.
For our project P1- lead acid is used and in P2- lithium is used. Lithium-particle batteries are as of now
utilized in most convenient customer hardware, for example, mobile phones and PCs as a result of their
high energy per unit mass compared with other electrical energy stockpiling frameworks. They likewise
have a high ability to weight proportion, high energy proficiency, great high-temperature execution, and

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 International Journal of Engineering Technology and Management Sciences
Website: ijetms.in Issue: 5 Volume No.6 Aug-Sept – 2022
DOI:10.46647/ijetms.2022.v06i05.125 ISSN: 2581-4621

low self-release. The majority of lithium-particle battery components can be reused, but the cost of
resource recovery continues to be a challenge for the industry. Charging And Discharging In Battery:
The State of Charge depicts how full the battery is, as far as a percentage. Batteries charge quickest when
they are almost unfilled — when they have a low SoC. The intensity or cool of the battery to keep it at
the ideal temperature. In any case, EV batteries are impacted by the external climate. If it is hot outside,
charging paces will be slower. If it's chilly outside, your charging velocities will likewise be slower.
Batteries can decay and lose their charging limit over their life expectancy. How much power your EV
battery gets in a charge is characterized by a unit of force called a kilowatt (kW). Furthermore, power
(kW) is a result of voltage (V) and current (A). Both your vehicle and the charger have voltage and
current cutoff points. The controller peruses the driver input signal and is responsible to deal with the
framework energy, controlling the force and direction of the engine, battery pack, and the onboard
charging frameworks. The controller gives every one of the essential functionalities like Battery state of
charge (SOC) observing, Battery temperature observing & Overheating checking. Renewable Energy
Source: By carrying out sustainable power inside an EV armada foundation, organizations and urban
communities can additionally lessen contamination and their general carbon impression by bringing
down ozone-depleting substance discharges from both the vehicles and the power plants. Beyond simply
sun-oriented and wind power, other sustainable power sources incorporate geothermally, biogas,
biomass, and low-influence hydroelectric. The Discrete PI Controller block performs discrete-time PI
regulator calculation utilizing the error sign and proportional and integral gain inputs. The error signal is
the distinction between the reference signal and the measured feedback. The block outputs a weighted
amount of the input error signal and the integral of the input error signal.

2. SCOPE OF THE PROJECT:

AIM: To design a closed-loop bidirectional buck-boost converter for battery
The main objective of this project is: To design a charge and discharge controller for the battery.
Environment-friendly, pollution-free, green energy. Optimization of battery performance. Helps in
balancing electricity demand and avoiding unnecessary costs for an electricity system.

3. BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Figure 1: Phase-1(P1) of the designed project. Figure 2: Phase-2 (P2 ) of the designed project.

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 International Journal of Engineering Technology and Management Sciences
Website: ijetms.in Issue: 5 Volume No.6 Aug-Sept – 2022
DOI:10.46647/ijetms.2022.v06i05.125 ISSN: 2581-4621

4. METHODOLOGY & RESULTS:

4.1) Phase 1 –Design and It's Working with the result:

Figure 3:P1-Discharging mode-step down mode.

This is the P1consits of the buck-boost converter (bi-directional converter), here we have used the lead-
acid battery and diode. The bi-directional converters can only allow the flow of current but also power
in one direction, bidirectional converters allow the flow of current and power in both directions with the
help of connecting two diodes in antiparallel with MOSFETs or IGBTs. Furthermore, bidirectional
converters also can step-up as well as step-down the voltage following the requirements. Utilizing a
capacitor to lower turn-off losses and an inductor to maintain operation, the bidirectional buck-boost
converter is used to charge and discharge battery storage.
For the performance of the charging mode, the constant block is set up into the positive, and if we need
the battery to operate in the discharging mode the constant block is set into negative. Hence all operation
is powered with a constant dc source to charge the battery. As it stores energy during the ON mode and
then provides energy during the switch-off mode, then it is in continuous mode. When it is operating in
buck mode, the converter steps down the input voltage, which is primarily used to charge batteries
because they require less power, and when operating in boost mode, the output voltage gets stepped up,
which is primarily used to match load demand. From the battery, we have taken the connection of the
Vbat, Ibat, and SOC. We are using the closed-loop control. .
These all mentioned (Vbat, Ibat1, SOC) are preset based on our needs. Here we are using the closed-loop
control method with the feedback from the current (Ibat), thus it is taken from the current measurement
block. Then it has been given as the input to the sumblock. The charging and discharging mode is
controlled with the help of the PWM, which is taken from the diodes. For verifying the voltage, current,
and state of charge the display as well the scope is also attached to verify the same. Below displayed are
the Controller blocks for the Charging & Discharging operation. This is our (P1) first designed model of
our project.

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 International Journal of Engineering Technology and Management Sciences
Website: ijetms.in Issue: 5 Volume No.6 Aug-Sept – 2022
DOI:10.46647/ijetms.2022.v06i05.125 ISSN: 2581-4621

Figure 5:SCOPE CONNECTION

Figure 4: Closed-loop controller block connection WITH THE Ibat, SOC, Vbat

Figure 6: Result of ( P1)( the soc- 100% ) – discharging mode

This is the result after the simulation of the designed block, here we have fixed the current as the (-10)
in the discharging mode. As per the given condition result is obtained, and all the values are maintained
perfectly.

Figure 7: Scope output- at 50% SOC, Discharging(- Figure 8: ZOOMED image – from discharging to
30) to charging (45) the charging

Figure 9: From the charging to the dis- charging [50 TO (-35)]

4.2) Phase two design and working with the result
The above-designed (P1) and discussed model is upgraded (P2) with the help of a renewable energy
source. This will replace the constant DC source of the previously designed model. Here we are using
the PV array to generate the energy. The irradiance and temperature blocks are connected to the PV array.
The power is boosted with help of the gate signals from the IGBT switch.

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 International Journal of Engineering Technology and Management Sciences
Website: ijetms.in Issue: 5 Volume No.6 Aug-Sept – 2022
DOI:10.46647/ijetms.2022.v06i05.125 ISSN: 2581-4621

We will be measuring the V (voltage) and I (current) in the boost converter, by which the BUS voltage
and the PV current is being measured. The V bus and the IPV will be changing according to the
irradiation. According to the output current will also be changing due to the change in the bus voltage.

Figure 10: V & I of the PV

array
Figure 11:Block parameters of the PV array

Figure 12: MPPT ALGORITHM

MPPT algorithms are commonly employed in the development of PV system controllers. The algorithms
take fluctuating irradiation (light from the sun) as well as temperature into consideration to ensure that
the PV system provides maximum electricity at all times. The Vpv, Ipv,Temp🡪Delta. As income to the
P1 design is employed at the right corner. This says that the same operation is carried out to regulate the
charge and discharge according to the voltage reference & then the Kp and Ki value should need to be
between 0 & 1 to obtain the result in the required manner.

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 International Journal of Engineering Technology and Management Sciences
Website: ijetms.in Issue: 5 Volume No.6 Aug-Sept – 2022
DOI:10.46647/ijetms.2022.v06i05.125 ISSN: 2581-4621

Figure 13: Phase-2 (P2) of the designed project Figure 14:removed the DC-DC converter
From figure 10: To verify the model we have only removed the DC-DC converter and we have simulated
and verified the results. The below output is all zero because the IRR value is given zero. Whether this
is a condition during the rainy season or an impossible situation where the solar panel cannot produce
power.

Figure 15: Scope result of the IRR=0 Figure 16: Display result of
the IRR=0
TABLE 1: IR___level_ 0__ CONSTANT value = - 25 The below-displayed image is the irradiance level
is zero and the output results are attached as the same. The below operation takes place in the discharge
of the battery, and then the battery gets discharged by the rated voltage with the help of the controller in
the pre-set values.
TABLE 2: IR___level_ 300__ CONSTANT value = 48 The below-displayed image is the irradiance
level is zero and the output results are attached as the same. The below operation takes place in the
charging of the battery, and then the battery gets charged by the rated voltage with the help of the
controller in the pre-set values.
TABLE 3: IR___level_ 500__ CONSTANT value = 48 The below-displayed image is the irradiance
level is zero and the output results are attached as the same. The below operation takes place in the
charging of the battery, and then the battery gets charged by the rated voltage with the help of the
controller in the pre-set values.
TABLE 4: IR___level_ 400__ CONSTANT value = 48 The below-displayed image is the irradiance
level is zero and the output results are attached as the same. The below operation takes place in the
charging of the battery, and then the battery gets charged by the rated voltage with the help of the
controller in the pre-set values.
TABLE 5: IR___level_ 0__ CONSTANT value = -30 The below-displayed image is the irradiance level
is zero and the output results are attached as the same. The below operation takes place in the charging
of the battery, and then the battery gets discharged by the rated voltage with the help of the controller in
the pre-set values and we can also see the battery state is been decreased during the discharge.

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 International Journal of Engineering Technology and Management Sciences
Website: ijetms.in Issue: 5 Volume No.6 Aug-Sept – 2022
DOI:10.46647/ijetms.2022.v06i05.125 ISSN: 2581-4621

Table 1:IRR-0

Figure 18: constant value

Figure 17:PV block- IRR-as 0 as 25

Table 2: IRR-300, and its output

Figure 19:IRR-300 Figure 20: constant value as 48

Figure 21: battery area display

Figure 22:PPV_display

Table 3:IRR-500

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 International Journal of Engineering Technology and Management Sciences
Website: ijetms.in Issue: 5 Volume No.6 Aug-Sept – 2022
DOI:10.46647/ijetms.2022.v06i05.125 ISSN: 2581-4621

Table 4:IRR-400

Table 5:IRR-0, DISCHARGING MODE, CONSTANT VALUE: (- 30 )

Figure 23: battery area scope

Figure 24; scope of the PPV- IRR-0

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 International Journal of Engineering Technology and Management Sciences
Website: ijetms.in Issue: 5 Volume No.6 Aug-Sept – 2022
DOI:10.46647/ijetms.2022.v06i05.125 ISSN: 2581-4621

5. CONCLUSION
The designed model works in good conditions and we can verify from both scope and from the display.
The PV MPPT algorithm is producing the maximum power than the irradiance level and the system result
is obtained as required.This designed project lowers costs and increases efficiency, but also improves the
system's functionality. • To enhance the electrical energy storage capabilities of renewable energy
systems. • To create a good working system using a PV array, a bidirectional converter, a battery bank,
etc. •To continuously and cheaply produce electric power. • To identify the most effective method for
regulating the duty cycle • To go along the system without using any external sources. Using this strategy,
you can create an environment free of pollution with little power loss. Thus the designed system will be
most efficient in the areas where the electricity is not reachable, and this system will be providing the
main source as the power delivery to the required area according to the load demand. The system can be
modeled and we can obtain the required output power.

6. REFERENCE
1) Filip Sundqvist, Daniel Celius Zacharek and,Design of Bidirectional DC/DC Battery Management
System for Electrical Yacht, https://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1229999/FULLTEXT01.pdf
2) Filip SundqvistandDaniel Celius Zacharek ,Design of Bidirectional DC/DC Battery Management
System for Electrical Yacht, https://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1229999/FULLTEXT01.pdf,
3) Zhu Ming, Chen Qi, Worldwide Conference on Applied Physics and Industrial Engineering, pp. 94-
100. February. 2012. "The MATLAB Simulink Model for a PV Module for a Stand-Alone PV System".
4) Ardyono Priyadi; Rachma Prilian Eviningsih; Margo Pujiantara; Ratna Ika Putri; Mauridhi Hery
Purnomo,Controlled bidirectional converter using PID for charging battery in the stand-alone wind
turbine system with Modified P&O to obtain MPPT,
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7925457,Publisher: IEEE

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