Medieval Chinese Medicine The Dunhuang Medical
Manuscripts - 1st Edition
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Needham Research Institute series
Series Editor: Christopher Cullen
Joseph Needham’s ‘Science and Civilisation’ series began
publication in the 1950s. At first it was seen as a piece of brilliant but
isolated pioneering. However, at the beginning of the twenty-first
century, it is clear that Needham’s work has succeeded in creating a
vibrant new intellectual field in the West. The books in this series
cover topics relating broadly to the practice of science, technology
and medicine in East Asia, including China, Japan, Korea and
Vietnam. The emphasis is on traditional forms of knowledge and
practice, but without excluding modern studies which connect their
topics with their historical and cultural context.
Celestial Lancets
A history and rationale of acupuncture and moxa
Lu Gwei-Djen and Joseph Needham
With a new introduction by Vivienne Lo
A Chinese Physician
Wang Ji and the Stone Mountain medical case histories
Joanna Grant
Chinese Mathematical Astrology
Reaching out to the stars
Ho Peng Yoke
Medieval Chinese Medicine
The Dunhuang medical manuscripts
Edited by Vivienne Lo and Christopher Cullen
Chinese Medicine in Early Communist China, 1945–1963
Medicine of revolution
Kim Taylor
Page iii
Medieval Chinese Medicine
The Dunhuang medical manuscripts
Edited by Vivienne Lo and Christopher Cullen
LONDON AND NEW YORK
Page iv
First published 2005
by RoutledgeCurzon
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by RoutledgeCurzon
270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY10016
RoutledgeCurzon is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005.
To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or
Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to
www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.
© 2005 Vivienne Lo and Christopher Cullen, selection and editorial
matter; the contributors, their chapters
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical,
or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including
photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
British Library Catahguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available
from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested
ISBN 0-203-48224-7 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN 0-203-69397-3 (OEB Format)
ISBN 0-415-34295-3 (Print Edition)
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Contents
Notes on contributors viii
Foreword by Susan Whitfield xii
Acknowledgements xxv
Introduction 1
CHRISTOPHER CULLEN
PART I The manuscripts 17
1 Manuscripts as sources in the history of Chinese medicine 19
PAUL U.UNSCHULD AND ZHENG JINSHENG
2 A general survey of medical works contained in the Dunhuang 45
medical manuscripts
WANG SHUMIN
3 Comments on the problem of transcription in the Dunhuang 59
medical manuscripts
ZHAO PING’AN
4 Han bamboo and wooden medical records discovered in military 78
sites from the north-western frontier regions
XIE GUIHUA
PART II Divination, iatromancy, and related arts 107
5 Mantic texts in their cultural context 109
MARC KALINOWSKI
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6 Dunhuang iatromantic manuscripts: P. 2856 R° and P. 2675 V° 134
DONALD HARPER
7 Love charms among the Dunhuang manuscripts 165
LIU LEXIAN
8 From prognosis to diagnosis of illness in Tang China: 176
comparison of the Dunhuang manuscript P. 3390 and medical
sources
CATHERINE DESPEUX
PART III Self-cultivation and the popular medical traditions 207
Introduction 207
VIVIENNE LO
9 Quick and easy Chinese medicine: the Dunhuang moxibustion 227
charts
VIVIENNE LO
10 Tiandi yinyang jiaohuang dalefu and the art of the bedchamber 252
SUMIYO UMEKAWA
11 Daoism and the Dunhuang regimen texts 278
SAKADE YOSHINOBU
PART IV Pharmacology 291
12 The Dunhuang manuscripts and pharmacology in medieval 293
China
WANG SHUMIN
13 The three juan edition of Bencao jizhu and excavated sources 306
MAYANAGI MAKOTO
14 Tangye jingfa (Canonical Methods for Brews and Decoctions): a 322
lost text recorded in the Hanshu bibliography
WANG SHUMIN
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15 Wind malady as madness in medieval China: some 345
threads from the Dunhuang medical manuscript
CHEN HSIU-FEN
16 A treatment for cardiovascular dysfunction in a 363
Dunhuang medical manuscript
ANTHONY R.BUTLER AND JOHN MOFFETT
Appendix : Materia medica 369
1 COMPILED BY PENELOPE BARRETT
Appendix : Abstracts of the medical manuscripts from Dunhuang 374
2 WANG SHUMIN
Index 435
Page viii
Contributors
Penelope Barrett is a translator and research assistant at the
Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at University
College London. She is currently involved in a project to create an
online database of Chinese medical imagery.
Anthony R.Butler is Honorary Reader in Medical Science in the
Bute Medical School of the University of St Andrews. He is the
author of papers in the chemical and pharmacological literature and
of the book Life, Death and Nitric Oxide (2003).
Chen Hsiu-fen is an assistant professor of the Department of
History, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan .
She wrote her PhD thesis at London University on ‘Medicine, society,
and the making of madness in Imperial China’ and is the author of
the entry ‘Ethnic medicine (esp. Tibetan and Uighur)’ in the
Routledge Encyclopedia of Contemporary Chinese Culture (2005).
Her main topics of research are madness and the social history of
medicine in pre-modern China, and medicine in comparative cultural
history.
Christopher Cullen was appointed Director of the Needham
Research Institute after spending more than a decade as Senior
Lecturer in the History of Chinese Science and Medicine in the
Department of History at the School of Oriental and African Studies.
He has published widely, mainly in the fields of the history of
astronomy, mathematics and medicine in China. His publications
include Astronomy and Mathematics in Ancient China: The Zhou bi
suan jing (1996), and The Dragon’s Ascent (2001). He is General
Editor of the Science and Civilisation in China series, published by
Cambridge University Press, and of the Needham Research Institute
Series, published by RoutledgeCurzon.
Catherine Despeux is Professor of Chinese, Director of the Centre
for Chinese Studies and Director of the Doctoral School at INALCO
(Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales). Her main
research interests are Chinese religions, medicine and health
techniques. Her major publications include Immortelles de la Chine
ancienne. Taoïsme et alchimie féminine
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(Immortals of Ancient China, Daoism and Female Alchemy, 1990)
and Women in Daoism (with Liuia Kohn, 2003).
Donald Harper is Professor of Chinese at the University of Chicago.
His research focuses on recently discovered Chinese manuscripts of
the Warring States, Qin and Han periods that treat of science and
religion. His research on Dunhuang manuscripts forms part of a
project to compare aspects of ancient and medieval Chinese culture.
He is the author of Early Chinese Medical Literature: The
Mawangdui Medical Manuscripts (1998).
Marc Kalinowski is Professor of Science and Religion and Director
of Studies at École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris. His
publications include Divination et rationalité en Chine ancienne,
written with Karine Chemla and Donald Harper (1999) and Divination
et Société dans la Chine Médiévale (2003).
Liu Lexian is a professor at the Historical Research Institute of
the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (Zhongguo shehui kexue
yuan lishi yanjiusuo . His publications include
Shuihudi Qin jian ri shu yanjiu (A study of the Qin
bamboo strip daybooks from Shuihudi, 1993), Jianbo shu shu
wenxian tanlun (An exploration of shushu texts in
bamboo and silk manuscripts, 2003) and Mawangdui tianwen shu
kaoshi (A Study and Explanations of the Mawangdui
Astronomy Books, 2004).
Vivienne Lo is a Lecturer at the Wellcome Trust Centre for the
History of Medicine at University College London, where she teaches
courses in the history of Asian medicine. She has published widely
on medicine and self-cultivation in both early and medieval periods.
Her publications include ‘The Influence of Western Han Nurturing
Life Literature on the Development of Acumoxa Therapy’ in
Innovation in Chinese Medicine, ed. Elisabeth Hsu, and ‘Spirit of
Stone: Technical Considerations in the Treatment of the Jade Body’,
Bulletin of SOAS 65/1 (2002).
Mayanagi Makoto is a Professor of the College of Humanities,
National Ibaraki University. His major publications include Wakoku
Kanseki Isho Shusei (Collection of Chinese Medical
Literature Reprinted in Japan), vols 1–60, (1988–1992) Nihon Ban
Chugoku Honzo Zuroku (Japanese Editions of
Illustrated Chinese Materia Medica) vols 1–11 (1992–1993) and
Riben xianzun Zhongguo sanyi guyiji (Ancient
Chinese Medical Material Retained in Japanese Collections, 1999).
John Moffett is Librarian of the East Asian History of Science
Library at the Needham Research Institute, Cambridge. He studied
Chinese at Edinburgh University.
Sakade Yoshinobu is a Professor of the Department of
Chinese Language and Literature, Faculty of Letters, Kankai
University. His main
