(electric current)

Saturday, December 7, 2024 1:39 PM

All Formulas of Electricity:

1) I = Q/t
2) Q = ne
3) V = W/Q
4) V = IR
5) R = Rho x L/A
6)Resistance in Series: Rs = R1 + R2 + R3
7)Resistance in Parallel: 1/Rp = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 (» Reciprocal of R1+R2+R3)
8)H = V × Q i) H = VIt ii) H = I²Rt iii) H = V²t/R
9) P = W/t i) P = VI ii) P = I²R iii) P = V²/R
10) E = P × t S.I.
Units: Current ( I ) - Ampere
Charge ( Q ) - Coulomb
Time ( t ) - Second
Potential Difference or Voltage ( V ) - Volt
Resistance ( R ) - Ohm Ω
Resistivity ( Rho ) - Ohm meter
Power ( P ) - Watt Heat = Energy = Work = Joule
Measuring Devices: Ammeter / Milli Ammeter - for measuring current (always connected in series)
Galvanometer - for measuring small/sensitive currents (we can also get the direction of the current)
Voltmeter - for measuring volts (always connected in parallel)
Ohm Meter - Measures the resistivity
Things to remember:
electron charge = (1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹ C)
1kWh= 3.6 × 10⁶J
1Ampere = 1000mA
1 Kilowaat = 1000W
1 Horse Power = 746W

1) The resistance of platinum resistance thermometer is 200.0 ohm at 0 degree centigrade and 257.6 ohm when immersed in hot bath. What
is the temperature of the bath when alpha for platinum is 0.00392/C
A) 73.5C
B) 80C
C) 20C
D) None

R.=200.0
Rt=257.6
T1=0 degree celcius
Alpha=0.00392/C

FORMULA

Rt=R.(1+ ∝ Delta T)

2) A battery of 6 volts is connected to two resistors of 3 ohm and 2 ohms joined together in series find the
current through the circuit and the potential drop across each resistor
A) 1.2A,3,6V and 2.4V
B) 1.2A, 2 V, 2 V
C) Both
D) None

First we find equivalent resistance -----R=R1+R2+R3

Then current =Vt/equivalent resistor
Then potential drop =current x resistance of each resistor
Current is same in each rasistor

3) A wire carries a current of 1 Ampere how many electrons pass a point in the wire an each second
A) 5*10^8 electrons
B) 6.3*10^18 electrons
C) 9*10^18 electrons
D) None

FIRST WE FIND CHARGE Q=I x T

Then we find number of electrons Q=ne-------n=Q/E

4) A battery of 24 Volt is connected to a 10-ohm load and a current of 2.2 A flows find the internal resistance of the
battery and its terminal voltage
A) 1 ohm and 25 volts
B) 0.9 ohm 22 volts
C) 7 ohm 44 volts
D) None

FIRST we find potential drop V=IR

Then we aplly formula of emf E=V+Ir
To find r we rearrange formula r=E-V/I

5) A wire of resistance R is stretched four times its length uniformly its new resistance will be
A) 16R
B) 4R
C) 4/R
D) 16/R

SHORT TRIC R=L^2 then we multiply it with old resistance

6) When the length and cross section of the wire both are doubled then its resistance is
A) increase 4 times
B) Decease 4 times
C) Remains same
D) None

R=ρL/A
R=ρ(2L)/2A
R=ρLA⇒R

7) The graphical representation of ohms law is

A) Elliptical path
B) Hyperbola
C) parabola
D) straight line

Ohm’s law states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to
the voltage across the two points. Ohm’s law formula is written as;
V∝I
Therefore, V = RI where R is a constant called resistance. R depends on the dimensions of the conductor
and also on the material of the conductor. Its SI unit is Ohm (Ω).

8) Reciprocal of conductivity is
A) Resistivity
B) Resistance
C) Both
D) None

The conductivity equation relates the electric current (I) to the applied voltage (V), the conductor’s
length (L), its cross-sectional area (A), and its conductivity (σ). Mathematically, it can be expressed as:
I = σAV/L
Conductivity (σ) is the reciprocal of resistivity (ρ), which is another critical property that describes the
resistance of a material to electric current. The relationship between conductivity and resistivity is given
by:
σ = 1/ρ

9) The resistivity of a wire depends on its:

A) Length
B) Area of the cross section
C) Shape
D) material and temperature

The resistivity of a material depends on its temperature. The current flowing through the wire will cause
its temperature to increase and affect its resistance and resistivity.

10) One coulomb per second is equal to:

A) one volt
B) one ampere
C)one watt
D) none

11) Current is the?

A) Scalar
B) vector
C) Tensor
D) None

Current is the scalar quantity because it does not obeys law of vector addition

12) Resistance of a super conductor is:

A) infinite
B) large
C) finite
D)zero

A superconductor is a material that attains superconductivity, a state of matter with no electrical

resistance. In a superconductor, an electric current can persist indefinitely. This article will familiarise
you with the concept of superconductors.

13) Terminal potential of a battery is greater than its electromotive force when:
A) the battery is discharged
B) the battery is being charged
C) the internal resistance of the battery is zero
D) all of the above

14) Ohm meter is the unit of

A) Resistance
B) Resistivity
C) Conductance
D) Conductivity
15) For an ohmic conductor doubling the voltage without changing it's resistance will cause the current
to?
A) Decrease by a factor of 4
B) Increase by a factor of 4
C) Decrease by a factor of 2
D) Increase by a factor of 2

According to ohms law current is directly proportional to terminal voltage and the resistance remains
constant.
V=IR
As per formula if we increase the terminal voltage the current also increase

16) Resistance of a conductor depends upon?

A) Charge
B) Current
C) power
D) Temperature

17) Drift velocity of electrons in a conductor, bearing potential difference V across it's terminal is v. If the
length of wire is stretched to three times and same potential difference V is applied, then the drift
velocity will become?
A) V
B) 3V
C) V/3
D) V/√3

Vd is inversly proportional to length

18) Slope of ohms law graph (VI Curve) gives:

Slope of ohms law gives conductance and reciprocal of slope of ohms law gives resistance
The reciprocal of resistance is conductance

A) Resistance
B) Conductance
C) Both
D) None

19) A wire having resistance 3R is stretched to double its length, new resistance will be:
A) 12R
B) 4R
C) 2R
D) 6R

R=L^2 x old resistance

20) A 40 watt lamp turns half the electrical energy to give light. How much light energy
does it give out in 10 seconds?
A) 400 J
B) 200J
C) 800 J
D) 40 J

E=P X T

20) Figure shows a network of resistances connected to a 2V battery. If the internal

resistance of the battery is negligible current I in the circuit is?
A) 0.25A
B) 0.5A
C) 1A
D) 0.75A

STEP 1
Phle ham sare risistors k name dengy R1 R2 R3 R4
STEP 2
Phr ham left or right side k equate krengy jb dono side side equate h jaengy to bech wala ristor
remove h jaega
Step 3
Phr hm R1 OR R2 k series m add krengy
R3 OR R4 k series m add krengy
Step 4
Series m add krny k bd dono resistors agar alag ho to formula use krengy phr answer aajaega
Requivalent=R1xR2/R1+R2
Then we use ohms law formula V=IR
R=V/R

3) A battery of EMF 10 Volt is connected to resistances as shown in figure. The potential

difference between points A and B is?

A) 2V
B) 0V
B) 5V
D) 10V

First we add them in series

Then in parrellel then in series
Then we find potential diffrence
I=V/R
 STEP 1 STEP2

In the given figure the equivalent resistance between A and B will be?*

A)14/3 ohm
B)3/14 ohm
C)9/14 ohm
d)14/9 ohm

Explaination:
STEP 1
Phle ham sare risistors k name dengy R1 R2 R3 R4
STEP 2
Phr ham left or right side k equate krengy jb dono side side equate h
jaengy to bech wala ristor remove h jaega
Step 3
Phr hm R1 OR R2 k series m add krengy
R3 OR R4 k series m add krengy
Step 4
Series m add krny k bd dono resistors agar alag ho to formula use
krengy phr answer aajaega
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Past paper mcqs
 Explaination:
1st we find voltage drop v=IR EXPLAINATION:
Then we find heat=v^2 x t/R To find current we use formula I=P/V

Explaination;
Here we use formula I=V/R

Explaination:
Explaination: to find potential diffrence we use formula V=IR
To find area we have a formula
C = ε₀A / d
From above equation
A = Cd / ε₀
= (10 × 10^-9 Farad × 0.885 × 10^-3 m) / (8.854 × 10^-12 Farad / m)
= 0.995 m²
≈ 1.0 m²

Area of plate is approximately 1.0 m²

EXPLAINATION:
TO FIND POTENTIAL DIFFRENCE V=IR

Explaination:
Here we use the formula of emf
E=V+IR
To find I
I=E-V/R Explaination:
Potential diffrence=electric potential x distance
Here e=f/q
So the formula for finding force is
 I=E-V/R Explaination:
Potential diffrence=electric potential x distance
Here e=f/q
So the formula for finding force is
F=E X q/d

Explaination=
Heat=power x time (t=always in hours)

Explaination:

Total Resistance = Internal resistance + external resistance EXPLAINATION: 27

Total current flowing in the circuit
FIRST WE FIND CHARGE Q=I x T
I= E/R
Drop Across 15Ω resistor Then we find number of electrons Q=ne-------n=Q/E
V= IR
Explaination: 28
heat=power x time (time is always in hours)

Explaination:
Formula of drift velocity is v=IenA
To find
n = I/eAV

Explaination:
Here both resistors are connected in parrelel
P=V^2/R
Power and resistance are inversly proportional
If we need minimum power we connect s2 with r2
So the answer is option A
Explaination:
Here both resistors are connected in parrelel
P=V^2/R
Power and resistance are inversly proportional
If we need minimum power we connect s2 with r2
So the answer is option A

EXPLAINATION:
Meter bridge work on the principal of wheatstone bridge
Explaination:
Ohms law is aplicable when physical condition becomes same
Here physical condition is temprature
Here physical condition is temprature

Potential gradient=electric potential/distance

Answer of 126 is option b

The internal resistance of a battery is connected in series to
the external load

Answer of 127 is option A

Because EMF=IR+Ir
Here IR=potential diffrence

Answer of 128 is option d

Joule per second is equal to watt