Name: ……………………………………………………………………. Date ………………………………………..

GAYAZA HIGH SCHOOL

SOLUTIONS FOR S.2 MATH WORKSHEET FIVE ON SETS
PREREQUISITE KNOWLEDGE:
 NUMBERS
 INTERGERS
SETS PART II
RECALL:
OPERATIONS ON SETS
Given sets A and B, we can define the following operations:
Operation Notation Meaning
Intersection 𝐴∩𝐵 all elements which are in both A and B
Union 𝐴∪𝐵 all elements which are in either A or B (or both)
Difference 𝐴−𝐵 all elements which are in A but not in B
Complement 𝐴 (𝑜𝑟 𝐴𝑐 ) all elements which are not in A

Example 1: Example 2:
Let 𝐴 = {1,2,3,4} and let 𝐵 = {3,4,5,6}. Let 𝐴 = {𝑦, 𝑧} and let 𝐵 = {𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧}.
Then: Then:
𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {3,4} 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {𝑦, 𝑧}
𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = {1,2,3,4,5,6} 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = {𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧}
𝐴 − 𝐵 = {1,2} 𝐴−𝐵 =∅
𝐴𝑐 = {5, 6} 𝐴𝑐 = {𝑥}

1. Find the union of each of the following pairs of sets.

(a) A = {2, 4, 6}, B = {1, 2, 3} (b) P = {a, e, i, o, u}, Q = {a, b, c, d}
𝑨 ∪ 𝑩 = {𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟔} 𝑷 ∪ 𝑸 = {𝐚, 𝐛, 𝐜, 𝐝, 𝐞, 𝐢, 𝐨, 𝐮}
(c) X = {x: n ∈ N, x = 2n, n < 4} (d) 𝑴 = {𝑥: 𝑥 is natural number and multiple of 3}
Y = {x: x is an even number less than 10} 𝑵 = {𝑥: 𝑥 is a prime number less than 19}
X = {2, 4, 6} and Y = {2, 4, 6, 8} M = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18…} and
𝑿 ∪ 𝒀 = {𝟐, 𝟒, 𝟔, 𝟖} N = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17}
𝐌 ∪ 𝐍 = {2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 17, 6, 9, 12, 15, ...}

2. Find the intersection of each of the following pairs of sets.

(a) A = {1, 4, 9, 16} and B = {3, 6, 9, 12} (b) C = {p, q, r, s} and D = {a, b}
𝑨 ∩ 𝑩 = {𝟗} 𝐂 ∩ 𝐃 = {}
(c) P = {x : n ∈ N, x = 3n n< 3} (d) X = {x : x is a letter of the word ‘LOYAL’}
Q = {x : x ∈ N x < 7} Y = {x : x is a letter in the word ‘FLOW’}
P = {3, 6} and Q = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} 𝑿 ∩ 𝒀 = {𝐋, 𝐎}
𝑷 ∩ 𝑸 = {𝟑, 𝟔}

3. If A = {a, b, c, d}, B = {b, c, d, e}, C = {c, d, e, f}, D = {d, e, f, g}, find

(a) A - B = {a} (b) B – C = {b}
(c) C - D = {c} (d) D - A = {e, f, g}

4. Let U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}, A = {1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10}, B = {1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9}

Find:
(a) A' = {3, 5, 7, 9} (b) B' = {2, 4, 6, 10}
(c) B' = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10} (d) A' ∪ B'= {2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
(e) A' ∩ B'= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} (f) (A ∪ B)'= {∅}
BY Moses Ssali @ GHS 2020 0775620833/0704221195 [email protected] 1
5. Find the complement of the following sets if universal set is the set of natural numbers.
(a) { : x is a prime number} (b) {x: x is a multiple of 2}
{x: x is composite number and 1} {x: x is odd}
(c) {x: x is a perfect cube} (d) {x: x ≥ 10}
{x: x is not a perfect cube} {x: x < 10, x ∈ N}
(e) {x: x Є N, 5x + 1 > 20} (f) {x: x is an odd natural number}
{x : x ∈ N and x < 4} {x: x is even}

6. If U = {a, b, c, d, e, f} find the complement of the following.

(a) A = { } (b) B = {c, d, f}
A' = U B' = {a, b, e}
(c) D = {a, b, c, d, e, f} (d) C = {a, b, d}
D' = ∅ C' = {c, e, f}
(e) E = {b, c} (f) F = {a, c, f}
C' = {a, d, e, f} F' = {b, d, e}

7. If U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} and A = {2, 3, 6}, find

(a) A ∪ A' = U (b) ∅ ∩ A = A
(c) A ∩ A' = ∅ (d) U' ∩ A = ∅

RECALL
SUBSETS
A set A is a subset of a set B if every element in A is also in B.
For example, if 𝑨 = {1,3,5} and 𝑩 = {1,2,3,4,5}, then A is a subset of B , and we write
𝑨⊆𝑩
The line under the sideways ∪ means that A may also be equal to B (that is, they may be identical sets).
If we want to say that A is a proper subset of B (that means: it's a subset, but there is at least one element
in B that is not in A) then we can remove the line: A⊂B

To write that a set is not a subset of another set, just put a slash through the sideways ∪:
B⊄A

NOTE:
(a) Number of Subsets of a given Set:
If a set contains ‘n’ elements, then the number of subsets of the set is 𝟐𝒏 .

(b) Number of Proper Subsets of the Set:

If a set contains ‘n’ elements, then the number of proper subsets of the set is 𝟐𝒏 − 𝟏 .
If 𝐴 = {𝑝, 𝑞} the proper subsets of A are [{ }, {𝑝}, {𝑞}]
⇒ Number of proper subsets of A are 3 = 22 − 1 = 4 − 1 = 3.
In general, number of proper subsets of a given set = 2𝑛 − 1, where 𝑛 is the number of elements.

NB: When we work with sets, we often have to define something called the universal set - this is the set of
all things we are interested in. All of the sets that we work with must have elements in this universe -
therefore, each set we work with is a subset of the universal set.

8. If A {1, 3, 5}, then write all the possible subsets of A. Find their numbers.
The subset of A containing no elements - { } Therefore, all possible subsets of A are { }, {1}, {3}, {5},
The subset of A containing one element each - {1} {3} {1, 3}, {3, 5}, {1, 3, 5}
{5} Therefore, number of all possible subsets of A is 8
The subset of A containing two elements each - {1, 3} which is equal 23 .
{1, 5} {3, 5} Proper subsets are = { }, {1}, {3}, {5}, {1, 3}, {1, 5}, {3, 5}
The subset of A containing three elements - {1, 3, 5) Number of proper subsets are 7 = 8 - 1 =23 − 1

BY Moses Ssali @ GHS 2020 0775620833/0704221195 [email protected] 2

9. If the number of elements in a set is 2, find the number of subsets and proper subsets.
Number of elements in a set = 2 The number of proper subsets = 23 - 1
2
Then, number of subsets = 2 = 4 =4–1=3

10. If A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} then the number of subsets and proper subsets is?

Number of subsets = 25 = 32 The number of proper subsets = 2𝑛 − 1

= 25 − 1
= 32 − 1
= 31

11. 40 students were surveyed about their favorite gospel singer.

 24 liked Judith.
 12 liked Bugembe.
 7 liked both. How many students like one or the other?
Solution
Let J denote Judith n(J ∪ B) = 17 + 7 + 12 = 36
Let B represent Bugembe
n(𝜉)=40
n(J)=24 n(B)=12

17 7 5

12. Odel has just called you in to solve a difficult mystery. A group of thieves are getting ready to rob the
bank, but he does not know exactly how many will do the job.
 17 of them are known safecrackers.
 28 of them are known getaway drivers.
 There are 40 thieves who are safecrackers and/or drivers.
Odel knows that the group that will rob the bank will be those thieves who are both safecrackers
and getaway drivers, but he didn’t pay attention in math class and can’t figure it out. How many
people will be in this group?
Solution:
Let S represent safecrackers 17 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 28 − 𝑥 = 40
D represent gateway drivers 17 + 28 − 𝑥 = 40
Let 𝑥 be the number of thieves who are both 45 − 𝑥 = 40
safecrackers and getaway drivers 𝑥 = 45 − 40
𝑛(𝜉) = 40 𝑥=5
n(S) = 17 n(D) = 28

17 − 𝑥 𝑥 28 − 𝑥

BY Moses Ssali @ GHS 2020 0775620833/0704221195 [email protected] 3

13. Given that 𝐴 = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17} and 8 = {1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 30}. Find n(A ∩B)'
𝑛(𝜉) = 40
n(A ∩B)'= {1, 6, 7, 10, 11, 13, 15, 17, 30}
A B

7 1
2 6
11
3 10
13 5 15
17 30

14. The sets 𝑀 and 𝑃 are such that 𝑛(𝑀) = 50, 𝑛(𝑃) = 25 and 𝑛(𝑀 ∪ 𝑃) = 60. Calculate 𝑛(𝑃 ∩ 𝑀).
Let 𝑛(𝑃 ∩ 𝑀) = 𝑥
𝑛(𝜉) 50 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 25 − 𝑥 = 60
50 + 25 − 𝑥 = 60
n(M) = 50 n(P) = 25 75 − 𝑥 = 60
𝑥 = 75 − 60
𝑥 = 15
50 − 𝑥 𝑥 25 − 𝑥

15. In a class of 15 students, 7 like Mathematics, 9 like English and 2 like neither Mathematics nor
English. Find the number of students who like both Mathematics and English
Let M represent Mathematics
E represent English 7 − 𝑦 + 𝑦 + 9 − 𝑦 + 2 = 15
𝑛(𝑀 ∩ 𝐸) = 𝑦 𝑛(𝜉) = 15 7 + 9 + 2 − 𝑦 = 15
18 − 𝑦 = 15
n(M) = 7 n(E) = 9
𝑦 = 18 − 15
𝑦=3

7−𝑦 𝑦 9−𝑦

16. Given that 𝑀 = {𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 3} and 𝑆 = {𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠}, find;
(a) 𝑀 ∩ 𝑆
𝑀 = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15} (a) 𝑀 ∩ 𝑆 = {9}
𝑆 = {1, 4, 9, 16, 25} (b) 𝑛(𝑀 ∩ 𝑆) = 1

17. A senior three class had 120 girls. 76 opted to take Commerce (𝐶). 25 took French (𝐹) only. 60 girls
took both 𝐹 and 𝐶. How many girls took neither 𝐶 nor 𝐹.
𝑛(𝜉) = 120 Let y the number of girls who took neither 𝐶 nor 𝐹
16 + 60 + 25 + 𝑦 = 120
n(C) = 76 n(F) = 85 101 + 𝑦 = 120
𝑦 = 120 − 101
𝑦 = 19
16 60 25

𝑦
END.
BY Moses Ssali @ GHS 2020 0775620833/0704221195 [email protected] 4