AWS Academy Cloud Foundations

Module 01 Student Guide

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AWS Training and Certification AWS Academy Cloud Foundations

Contents
Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview 4

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

AWS Academy Cloud Foundations

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Welcome to Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview.

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Module overview
Topics
• Introduction to cloud computing
• Advantages of cloud computing
• Introduction to Amazon Web Services (AWS)
• AWS Cloud Adoption Framework (AWS CAF)

Knowledge check

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This module addresses the following topics:

• Introduction to cloud computing
• Advantages of cloud computing
• Introduction to Amazon Web Services (AWS)
• AWS Cloud Adoption Framework (AWS CAF)

Finally, you will be asked to complete a knowledge check that will be used to test your
understanding of the key concepts that are covered in this module.

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Module objectives
After completing this module, you should be able to:
• Define different types of cloud computing models
• Describe six advantages of cloud computing
• Recognize the main AWS service categories and core services
• Review the AWS Cloud Adoption Framework (AWS CAF)

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After completing this module, you should be able to:

• Define different types of cloud computing
• Describe six advantages of cloud computing
• Recognize the main AWS service categories and core services
• Review the AWS Cloud Adoption Framework (AWS CAF)

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Section 1: Introduction to cloud

computing
Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

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Section 1: Introduction to cloud computing

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

What is cloud computing?

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What does cloud computing mean to you?

Take a moment to think of what cloud computing means to you and write a short sentence.

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Cloud computing defined

Cloud computing is the on-demand delivery of compute power,
database, storage, applications, and other IT resources via the
internet with pay-as-you-go pricing.

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Cloud computing is the on-demand delivery of compute power, database, storage, applications,
and other IT resources via the internet with pay-as-you-go pricing. These resources run on server
computers that are located in large data centers in different locations around the world. When
you use a cloud service provider like AWS, that service provider owns the computers that you are
using. These resources can be used together like building blocks to build solutions that help meet
business goals and satisfy technology requirements.

To learn more about cloud computing and how it works, see https://aws.amazon.com/what-is-
cloud-computing/.

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Infrastructure as software
Cloud computing enables you to stop thinking of your infrastructure
as hardware, and instead think of (and use) it as software.

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Cloud computing enables you to stop thinking of your infrastructure as hardware, and instead
think of (and use) it as software. But what does this mean?

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Traditional computing model

• Infrastructure as hardware
• Hardware solutions:
• Require space, staff, physical
security, planning, capital
expenditure
1)Purchasing Process(selecting
• Have a long hardware
vendors
procurement cycle 2)Setup &Configuration 3)testing
• Require you to provision capacity
by guessing theoretical maximum
peaks Imagine you're hosting a big party at your
house, but you're not sure how many
guests will show up.
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In the traditional computing model, infrastructure is thought of as hardware. Hardware solutions

are physical, which means they require space, staff, physical security, planning, and capital
expenditure.

In addition to significant upfront investment, another prohibitive aspect of traditional computing

is the long hardware procurement cycle that involves acquiring, provisioning, and maintaining on-
premises infrastructure.

With a hardware solution, you must ask if there is enough resource capacity or sufficient storage
to meet your needs, and you provision capacity by guessing theoretical maximum peaks. If you
don’t meet your projected maximum peak, then you pay for expensive resources that stay idle. If
you exceed your projected maximum peak, then you don’t have sufficient capacity to meet your
needs. And if your needs change, then you must spend the time, effort, and money required to
implement a new solution.

For example, if you wanted to provision a new website, you would need to buy the hardware,
rack and stack it, put it in a data center, and then manage it or have someone else manage it. This
approach is expensive and time-consuming.

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Cloud computing model

• Infrastructure as software
• Software solutions:
• Are flexible
• Can change more quickly, easily,
and cost-effectively than hardware
solutions
• Eliminate the undifferentiated
heavy-lifting tasks

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By contrast, cloud computing enables you to think of your infrastructure as software. Software
solutions are flexible. You can select the cloud services that best match your needs, provision and
terminate those resources on-demand, and pay for what you use. You can elastically scale
resources up and down in an automated fashion. With the cloud computing model, you can treat
resources as temporary and disposable. The flexibility that cloud computing offers enables
businesses to implement new solutions quickly and with low upfront costs.

Compared to hardware solutions, software solutions can change much more quickly, easily, and
cost-effectively.

Cloud computing helps developers and IT departments avoid undifferentiated work like
procurement, maintenance, and capacity planning, thus enabling them to focus on what matters
most.

As cloud computing has grown in popularity, several different service models and deployment
strategies have emerged to help meet the specific needs of different users. Each type of cloud
service model and deployment strategy provides you with a different level of control, flexibility,
and management. Understanding the differences between these cloud service models and
deployment strategies can help you decide what set of services is right for your needs.

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Cloud service models

IaaS PaaS SaaS

(infrastructure as (platform as a (software as a
a service) service) service)

More control Less control

over IT resources over IT resources

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There are three main cloud service models. Each model represents a different part of the cloud
computing stack and gives you a different level of control over your IT resources:
• Infrastructure as a service (IaaS): Services in this category are the basic building blocks for
cloud IT and typically provide you with access to networking features, computers (virtual or on
dedicated hardware), and data storage space. IaaS provides you with the highest level of
flexibility and management control over your IT resources. It is the most similar to existing IT
resources that many IT departments and developers are familiar with today.
• Platform as a service (PaaS): Services in this category reduce the need for you to manage the
underlying infrastructure (usually hardware and operating systems) and enable you to focus on
the deployment and management of your applications.
• Software as a service (SaaS): Services in this category provide you with a completed product
that the service provider runs and manages. In most cases, software as a service refers to end-
user applications. With a SaaS offering, you do not have to think about how the service is
maintained or how the underlying infrastructure is managed. You need to think only about
how you plan to use that particular piece of software. A common example of a SaaS
application is web-based email, where you can send and receive email without managing
feature additions to the email product or maintaining the servers and operating systems that
the email program runs on.
renting software rather than buying it

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Cloud computing deployment models

Cloud Hybrid On-premises

(private cloud)

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There are three main cloud computing deployment models, which represent the cloud
environments that your applications can be deployed in:
• Cloud: A cloud-based application is fully deployed in the cloud, and all parts of the application
run in the cloud. Applications in the cloud have either been created in the cloud or have been
migrated from an existing infrastructure to take advantage of the benefits of cloud computing
(see https://aws.amazon.com/what-is-cloud-computing/). Cloud-based applications can be
built on low-level infrastructure pieces or they can use higher-level services that provide
abstraction from the management, architecting, and scaling requirements of core
infrastructure.
• Hybrid: A hybrid deployment is a way to connect infrastructure and applications between
cloud-based resources and existing resources that are not located in the cloud. The most
common method of hybrid deployment is between the cloud and existing on-premises
infrastructure. This model enables an organization to extend and grow their infrastructure into
the cloud while connecting cloud resources to internal systems.
• On-premises: Deploying resources on-premises, using virtualization and resource
management tools, is sometimes called private cloud. While on-premises deployment does
not provide many of the benefits of cloud computing, it is sometimes sought for its ability to
provide dedicated resources. In most cases, this deployment model is the same as legacy IT
infrastructure, but it might also use application management and virtualization technologies to
increase resource utilization.

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Similarities between AWS and traditional IT

Traditional, on-premises IT space AWS

Security
Security groups
Firewalls ACLs Administrators Network ACLs IAM

Networking
Router Network pipeline Switch Elastic Load Balancing Amazon VPC

On- Compute
premises Amazon EC2
AMI
servers instances

Storage and
DAS SAN NAS RDBMS
database Amazon Amazon Amazon Amazon
EBS EFS S3 RDS

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There are many similarities between AWS and the traditional, on-premises IT space:
• AWS security groups, network access control lists (network ACLs), and AWS Identity and
Access Management (IAM) are similar to firewalls, access control lists (ACLs), and
administrators.
• Elastic Load Balancing and Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) are similar to routers,
network pipelines, and switches.
• Amazon Machine Images (AMIs) and Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances
are similar to on-premises servers.
• Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS), Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS), Amazon
Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3), and Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS)
are similar to direct attached storage (DAS), storage area networks (SAN), network attached
storage (NAS), and a relational database management service (RDBMS).

With AWS services and features, you can do almost everything that you would want to do with a
traditional data center.

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Section 1 key • Cloud computing is the on-demand delivery of IT

resources via the internet with pay-as-you-go
takeaways pricing.
• Cloud computing enables you to think of (and
use) your infrastructure as software.
• There are three cloud service models: IaaS, PaaS,
and SaaS.
• There are three cloud deployment models: cloud,
hybrid, and on-premises or private cloud.
• Almost anything you can implement with
traditional IT can also be implemented as an AWS
cloud computing service.

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Some key takeaways from this section of the module include:

• Cloud computing is the on-demand delivery of IT resources via the internet with pay-as-you-go
pricing.
• Cloud computing enables you to think of (and use) your infrastructure as software.
• There are three cloud service models: IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS.
• There are three cloud deployment models: cloud, hybrid, and on-premises or private cloud.
• There are many AWS service analogs for the traditional, on-premises IT space.

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Section 2: Advantages of cloud

computing
Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

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Section 2: Advantages of cloud computing

Why are so many companies interested in moving to the cloud? This section presents six
advantages of cloud computing.

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

exhange
Trade capital expense for variable expense

Capital

Data center investment Pay only for the amount

based on forecast you consume

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Advantage #1—Trade capital expense for variable expense: Capital expenses (capex) are funds
that a company uses to acquire, upgrade, and maintain physical assets such as property,
industrial buildings, or equipment. Do you remember the data center example in the traditional
computing model where you needed to rack and stack the hardware, and then manage it all? You
must pay for everything in the data center whether you use it or not.

By contrast, a variable expense is an expense that the person who bears the cost can easily alter
or avoid. Instead of investing heavily in data centers and servers before you know how you will
use them, you can pay only when you consume resources and pay only for the amount you
consume. Thus, you save money on technology. It also enables you to adapt to new applications
with as much space as you need in minutes, instead of weeks or days. Maintenance is reduced,
so you can spend focus more on the core goals of your business.

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Massive economies of scale

Because of aggregate usage from all customers, AWS can achieve

higher economies of scale and pass savings on to customers.

AWS Cloud

Economies of scale Savings

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Advantage #2—Benefit from massive economies of scale: By using cloud computing, you can
achieve a lower variable cost than you can get on your own. Because usage from hundreds of
thousands of customers is aggregated in the cloud, providers such as AWS can achieve higher
economies of scale, which translates into lower pay-as-you-go prices.

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Stop guessing capacity

Overestimated Underestimated Scaling on

server capacity server capacity demand

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Advantage #3—Stop guessing capacity: Eliminate guessing about your infrastructure capacity
needs. When you make a capacity decision before you deploy an application, you often either
have expensive idle resources or deal with limited capacity. With cloud computing, these
problems go away. You can access as much or as little as you need, and scale up and down as
required with only a few minutes’ notice.

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Increase speed and agility

Launch

Weeks between wanting Minutes between wanting

resources and having resources resources and having
resources
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Advantage #4—Increase speed and agility: In a cloud computing environment, new IT resources
are only a click away, which means that you reduce the time it takes to make those resources
available to your developers from weeks to just minutes. The result is a dramatic increase in
agility for the organization because the cost and time that it takes to experiment and develop are
significantly lower.

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Stop spending money on

running and maintaining data centers

Investment

Running data centers Business and customers

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Advantage #5—Stop spending money on running and maintaining data centers: Focus on
projects that differentiate your business instead of focusing on the infrastructure. Cloud
computing enables you to focus on your own customers instead of the heavy lifting of racking,
stacking, and powering servers.

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Go global in minutes

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Advantage #6—Go global in minutes: You can deploy your application in multiple AWS Regions
around the world with just a few clicks. As a result, you can provide a lower latency and better
experience for your customers simply and at minimal cost.

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Section 2 key • Trade capital expense for variable expense

takeaways • Benefit from massive economies of scale
• Stop guessing capacity
• Increase speed and agility
• Stop spending money on running and
maintaining data centers
• Go global in minutes

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The key takeaways from this section of the module include the six advantages of cloud
computing:
• Trade capital expense for variable expense
• Massive economies of scale
• Stop guessing capacity
• Increase speed and agility
• Stop spending money on running and maintaining data centers
• Go global in minutes

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Section 3: Introduction to Amazon

Web Services (AWS)
Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

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Section 3: Introduction to Amazon Web Services (AWS)

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

What are web services?

A web service is any piece of software that makes itself available over
the internet and uses a standardized format—such as Extensible
Markup Language (XML) or JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)—for
the request and the response of an application programming
interface (API) interaction. for data exchange

Request message

Internet
Response message
Client Web service

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In general, a web service is any piece of software that makes itself available over the internet or
on private (intranet) networks. A web service uses a standardized format—such as Extensible
Markup Language (XML) or JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)—for the request and the response
of an application programming interface (API) interaction. It is not tied to any one operating
system or programming language. It’s self-describing via an interface definition file and it is
discoverable.

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

What is AWS?
• AWS is a secure cloud platform that offers a broad set of global
cloud-based products.
• AWS provides you with on-demand access to compute, storage,
network, database, and other IT resources and management tools.
• AWS offers flexibility.
• You pay only for the individual services you need, for as long as
you use them.
• AWS services work together like building blocks.

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Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a secure cloud platform that offers a broad set of global cloud-
based products. Because these products are delivered over the internet, you have on-demand
access to the compute, storage, network, database, and other IT resources that you might need
for your projects—and the tools to manage them. You can immediately provision and launch AWS
resources. The resources are ready for you to use in minutes.

AWS offers flexibility. Your AWS environment can be reconfigured and updated on demand,
scaled up or down automatically to meet usage patterns and optimize spending, or shut down
temporarily or permanently. The billing for AWS services becomes an operational expense
instead of a capital expense.

AWS services are designed to work together to support virtually any type of application or
workload. Think of these services like building blocks, which you can assemble quickly to build
sophisticated, scalable solutions, and then adjust them as your needs change.

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Categories of AWS services

Analytics Application AR and VR Blockchain Business Compute

Integration Applications

Cost Customer Database Developer Tools End User Game Tech

Management Engagement Computing

Internet Machine Management and Media Services Migration and Mobile

of Things Learning Governance Transfer

Networking and Robotics Satellite Security, Identity, and Storage

Content Delivery Compliance
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AWS services fall under different categories, and each category contains one or more services.
You can select the services that you want from these different categories to build your solutions.

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Simple solution example

Networking Compute Database Storage

AWS Cloud

Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)

Amazon
DynamoDB
Users Amazon S3

Amazon EC2

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For example, say you’re building a database application. Your customers might be sending data to
your Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances, which is a service in the compute
category. These EC2 servers batch the data in one-minute increments and add an object per
customer to Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3), the AWS storage service you’ve chosen
to use. You can then use a nonrelational database like Amazon DynamoDB to power your
application, for example, to build an index so that you can find all the objects for a given
customer that were collected over a certain period. You might decide to run these services inside
an Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC), which is a service in the networking category.

The purpose of this simple example is to illustrate that you can select web services from different
categories and use them together to build a solution (in this case, a database application). Of
course, the solutions you build can be quite complex.

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Choosing a service

The service you select depends on your business goals and technology
requirements.

Amazon
VMware Cloud EC2 AWS
on AWS Lambda

Amazon ECS ? AWS Elastic

Beanstalk

Amazon EKS

Amazon
AWS Fargate
AWS Outposts Lightsail
AWS Batch

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Which service you choose to use will depend on your business goals and technology
requirements. In the example you just looked at, the solution made use of Amazon EC2 as the
compute service. However, that is only one of many compute services that AWS offers. Here are
some other AWS compute offerings that you might choose to use for the following example use
cases:
• Amazon EC2 (https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/): You want complete control over your AWS
computing resources.
• AWS Lambda (https://aws.amazon.com/lambda/): You want to run your code and not manage
or provision servers.
• AWS Elastic Beanstalk (https://aws.amazon.com/elasticbeanstalk/): You want a service that
deploys, manages, and scales your web applications for you.
• Amazon Lightsail (https://aws.amazon.com/lightsail/): You need a lightweight cloud platform
for a simple web application.
• AWS Batch (https://aws.amazon.com/batch/): You need to run hundreds of thousands of batch
workloads.
• AWS Outposts (https://aws.amazon.com/outposts/): You want to run AWS infrastructure in
your on-premises data center.
• Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) (https://aws.amazon.com/ecs/)
• Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) (https://aws.amazon.com/eks/)
• AWS Fargate (https://aws.amazon.com/fargate/): You want to implement a containers or
microservices architecture.
• VMware Cloud on AWS (https://aws.amazon.com/vmware/): You have an on-premises server
virtualization platform that you want to migrate to AWS.

Similarly, there are a variety of services for you to choose from in the other categories, and the
number of offerings keeps growing.
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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Services covered in this course

Compute services – Storage services – Management and
• Amazon EC2 • Amazon S3 Governance services –
• AWS Lambda • Amazon S3 Glacier • AWS Trusted Advisor
• AWS Elastic Beanstalk • Amazon EFS • AWS CloudWatch
• Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling • Amazon EBS • AWS CloudTrail
• Amazon ECS • AWS Well-Architected Tool
• Amazon EKS Database services – • AWS Auto Scaling
• Amazon ECR • Amazon RDS • AWS Command Line Interface
• AWS Fargate • Amazon DynamoDB • AWS Config
• Amazon Redshift • AWS Management Console
• Amazon Aurora • AWS Organizations
Security, Identity, and
Compliance services – Networking and Content AWS Cost Management
• AWS IAM Delivery services – services –
• Amazon Cognito • Amazon VPC • AWS Cost & Usage
• AWS Shield • Amazon Route 53 Report
• AWS Artifact • Amazon CloudFront • AWS Budgets
• AWS KMS • Elastic Load Balancing • AWS Cost Explorer

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The array of AWS services can be intimidating as you start your journey into the cloud. This
course focuses on some of the more common services in the following service categories:
compute, storage, database, networking and content delivery, security, identity, and compliance,
management and governance, and AWS cost management.

Legend:
• Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS)
• Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2)
• Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR)
• Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS)
• Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS)
• Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS)
• Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS)
• Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3)
• Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC)
• AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)
• AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS)

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Three ways to interact with AWS

AWS Management Console

Easy-to-use graphical interface

Command Line Interface (AWS CLI)

Access to services by discrete commands or scripts

Software Development Kits (SDKs)

Access services directly from your code (such as Java, Python, and
others)

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You might wonder how to access the broad array of services that are offered by AWS. There are
three ways to create and manage resources on the AWS Cloud:
• AWS Management Console: The console provides a rich graphical interface to a majority of
the features offered by AWS. (Note: From time to time, new features might not have all of
their capabilities included in the console when the feature initially launches.)
• AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI): The AWS CLI provides a suite of utilities that can be
launched from a command script in Linux, macOS, or Microsoft Windows.
• Software development kits (SDKs): AWS provides packages that enable accessing AWS in a
variety of popular programming languages. This makes it easy to use AWS in your existing
applications and it also enables you to create applications that deploy and monitor complex
systems entirely through code.

All three options are built on a common REST-like API that serves as the foundation of AWS.

To learn more about tools you can use to develop and manage applications on AWS, see
https://aws.amazon.com/tools/.

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Section 3 key • AWS is a secure cloud platform that offers a

broad set of global cloud-based products called
takeaways services that are designed to work together.
• There are many categories of AWS services, and
each category has many services to choose from.
• Choose a service based on your business goals
and technology requirements.
• There are three ways to interact with AWS
services.

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The key takeaways from this section of the module include:

• AWS is a secure cloud platform that offers a broad set of global cloud-based products called
services that are designed to work together.
• There are many categories of AWS services, and each category has many services to choose
from.
• Choose a service based on your business goals and technology requirements.
• There are three ways to interact with AWS services.

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Section 4: Moving to the AWS

Cloud – The AWS Cloud Adoption
Framework (AWS CAF)
Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

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Section 4: Moving to the AWS Cloud – The AWS Cloud Adoption Framework (AWS CAF)

As you learned so far in this module, cloud computing offers many advantages over the
traditional model. However, for most organizations, cloud adoption does not happen instantly.
Technology is one thing, but an organization also consists of people and processes, and these
three elements must all be in alignment for successful cloud adoption. Cloud computing
introduces a significant shift in how technology is obtained, used, and managed. It also shifts how
organizations budget and pay for technology services. Cloud adoption requires that fundamental
changes are discussed and considered across an entire organization. It also requires that
stakeholders across all organizational units—both within and outside IT—support these new
changes. In this last section, you learn about the AWS CAF, which was created to help
organizations design and travel an accelerated path to successful cloud adoption.

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

AWS Cloud Adoption Framework (AWS CAF)

• AWS CAF provides guidance
and best practices to help
organizations build a
comprehensive approach to
cloud computing across the
organization and throughout
the IT lifecycle to accelerate
successful cloud adoption.
AWS CAF perspectives
• AWS CAF is organized into six
perspectives.
• Perspectives consist of sets of
capabilities.

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Each organization’s cloud adoption journey is unique. However, in order for any organization to
successfully migrate its IT portfolio to the cloud, three elements (that is, people, process, and
technology) must be in alignment. Business and technology leaders in an organization must
understand the organization’s current state, target state, and the transition that is needed to
achieve the target state so they can set goals and create processes for staff.

The AWS Cloud Adoption Framework (AWS CAF) provides guidance and best practices to help
organizations identify gaps in skills and processes. It also helps organizations build a
comprehensive approach to cloud computing—both across the organization and throughout the
IT lifecycle—to accelerate successful cloud adoption.

At the highest level, the AWS CAF organizes guidance into six areas of focus, called perspectives.
Perspectives span people, processes, and technology. Each perspective consists of a set of
capabilities, which covers distinct responsibilities that are owned or managed by functionally
related stakeholders.

Capabilities within each perspective are used to identify which areas of an organization require
attention. By identifying gaps, prescriptive work streams can be created that support a successful
cloud journey.

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Six core perspectives

Focus on business Focus on technical

capabilities capabilities

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In general, the Business, People, and Governance perspectives focus on business capabilities,
while the Platform, Security, and Operations perspectives focus on technical capabilities.

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Business perspective

We must ensure that IT is aligned with

business needs, and that IT investments can be
traced to demonstrable business results.
IT finance

IT strategy

Benefits realization

Business risk management

Business managers, finance
Business perspective capabilities managers, budget owners,
and strategy stakeholders

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Stakeholders from the Business perspective (for example, business managers, finance managers,
budget owners, and strategy stakeholders) can use the AWS CAF to create a strong business case
for cloud adoption and prioritize cloud adoption initiatives. Stakeholders should ensure that an
organization’s business strategies and goals align with its IT strategies and goals.

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

People perspective

We must prioritize training, staffing, and

organizational changes to build an agile
Resource management
organization.

Incentive management

Career management

Training management

Organizational change
management
Human resources, staffing,
and people managers
People perspective capabilities

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Stakeholders from the People perspective (for example, human resources, staffing, and people
managers) can use the AWS CAF to evaluate organizational structures and roles, new skill and
process requirements, and identify gaps. Performing an analysis of needs and gaps can help
prioritize training, staffing, and organizational changes to build an agile organization.

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Governance perspective

We must ensure that skills and processes align IT

strategy and goals with business strategy and goals
Portfolio management so the organization can maximize the business value
of its IT investment and minimize business risks.
Program and
project management

Business performance
measurement

License management

Governance perspective capabilities

CIO, program managers, enterprise
architects, business analysts, and
portfolio managers

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Stakeholders from the Governance perspective (for example, the Chief Information Officer or CIO,
program managers, enterprise architects, business analysts, and portfolio managers) can use the
AWS CAF to focus on the skills and processes that are needed to align IT strategy and goals with
business strategy and goals. This focus helps the organization maximize the business value of its
IT investment and minimize the business risks.

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Platform perspective

We must understand and communicate the

nature of IT systems and their relationships.
Compute provisioning
We must be able to describe the architecture
of the target state environment in detail.
Network provisioning

Storage provisioning

Database provisioning

Systems and solution

architecture
CTO, IT managers, and
Application development
solutions architects
Platform perspective capabilities

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Stakeholders from the Platform perspective (for example, Chief Technology Officer or CTO, IT
managers, and solutions architects) use a variety of architectural dimensions and models to
understand and communicate the nature of IT systems and their relationships. They must be able
to describe the architecture of the target state environment in detail. The AWS CAF includes
principles and patterns for implementing new solutions on the cloud, and for migrating on-
premises workloads to the cloud.

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Security perspective

We must ensure that the organization meets its

security objectives.
Identity and access
management

Detective control

Infrastructure security

Data protection

CISO, IT security managers,

Incident response and IT security analysts

Security perspective capabilities

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Stakeholders from the Security perspective (for example, Chief Information Security Officer or
CISO, IT security managers, and IT security analysts) must ensure that the organization meets
security objectives for visibility, auditability, control, and agility. Security perspective stakeholders
can use the AWS CAF to structure the selection and implementation of security controls that
meet the organization’s needs.

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Operations perspective

We align with and support the operations of

Service monitoring the business, and define how day-to-day,
quarter-to-quarter, and year-to-year business
Application performance
monitoring will be conducted.
Resource inventory
management
Release management/
change management

Reporting and analytics

Business continuity/
Disaster recovery IT operations managers and
IT service catalog IT support managers

Operations perspective capabilities

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Stakeholders from the Operations perspective (for example, IT operations managers and IT
support managers) define how day-to-day, quarter-to-quarter, and year-to-year business is
conducted. Stakeholders from the Operations perspective align with and support the operations
of the business. The AWS CAF helps these stakeholders define current operating procedures. It
also helps them identify the process changes and training that are needed to implement
successful cloud adoption.

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Section 4 key • Cloud adoption is not instantaneous for most

organizations and requires a thoughtful,
takeaways deliberate strategy and alignment across the
whole organization.
• The AWS CAF was created to help organizations
develop efficient and effective plans for their
cloud adoption journey.
• The AWS CAF organizes guidance into six areas of
focus, called perspectives.
• Perspectives consist of sets of business or
technology capabilities that are the responsibility
of key stakeholders.

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The key takeaways from this section of the module include:

• Cloud adoption is not instantaneous for most organizations and requires a thoughtful,
deliberate strategy and alignment across the whole organization.
• The AWS CAF was created to help organizations develop efficient and effective plans for their
cloud adoption journey.
• The AWS CAF organizes guidance into six areas of focus, called perspectives.
• Perspectives consist of sets of business or technology capabilities that are the responsibility of
key stakeholders.

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Module wrap-up
Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

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It’s now time to review the module, and wrap up with a knowledge check and discussion of a
practice certification exam question.

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Module summary
In summary, in this module you learned how to:
• Define different types of cloud computing models
• Describe six advantages of cloud computing
• Recognize the main AWS service categories and core services
• Review the AWS Cloud Adoption Framework

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In summary, in this module you learned how to:

• Define different types of cloud computing
• Describe six advantages of cloud computing
• Recognize the main AWS service categories and core services
• Reviewed the AWS Cloud Adoption Framework

To finish this module, complete the knowledge check.

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Complete the knowledge check

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Now, complete the knowledge check.

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Sample exam question

Why is AWS more economical than traditional data centers for applications with varying compute
workloads?

Choice Response

A Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) costs are billed on a monthly basis.

B Customers retain full administrative access to their Amazon EC2 instances.

C Amazon EC2 instances can be launched on-demand when needed.

D Customers can permanently run enough instances to handle peak workloads.

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Look at the answer choices and rule them out based on the keywords.

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Sample exam question answer

Why is AWS more economical than traditional data centers for applications with varying compute
workloads?

The correct answer is C.

The keywords in the question are AWS is more economical than traditional data centers for
applications with varying.

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The following are the keywords to recognize: AWS is more economical than traditional data
centers for applications with varying.

The correct answer is C. Amazon EC2 instances can be launched on-demand when needed.

Incorrect answers:
Answer A: Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) costs are billed on a monthly basis.
Answer B: Customers retain full administrative access to their Amazon EC2 instances.
Answer D: Customers can permanently run enough instances to handle peak workloads.

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Additional resources
• What is AWS? YouTube video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mZ5H8sn_2ZI&feature=youtu.be
• Cloud computing with AWS website: https://aws.amazon.com/what-is-aws/
• Overview of Amazon Web Services whitepaper:
https://d1.awsstatic.com/whitepapers/aws-overview.pdf
• An Overview of the AWS Cloud Adoption Framework whitepaper:
https://d1.awsstatic.com/whitepapers/aws_cloud_adoption_framework.pdf
• 6 Strategies for Migrating Applications to the Cloud AWS Cloud Enterprise
Strategy blog post: https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/enterprise-strategy/6-
strategies-for-migrating-applications-to-the-cloud/

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 46

If you want to learn more about the topics covered in this module, you might find the following
additional resources helpful:
• What is AWS? YouTube video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mZ5H8sn_2ZI&feature=youtu.be
• Cloud computing with AWS website: https://aws.amazon.com/what-is-aws/
• Overview of Web Services whitepaper: https://d1.awsstatic.com/whitepapers/aws-
overview.pdf
• An Overview of the AWS Cloud Adoption Framework whitepaper:
https://d1.awsstatic.com/whitepapers/aws_cloud_adoption_framework.pdf
• 6 Strategies for Migrating Applications to the Cloud AWS Cloud Enterprise Strategy blog post:
https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/enterprise-strategy/6-strategies-for-migrating-applications-to-
the-cloud/

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AWS Training and Certification Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview

Thank you

Corrections, feedback, or other questions?

Contact us at https://support.aws.amazon.com/#/contacts/aws-academy.
All trademarks are the property of their owners.

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Thank you for completing this module.

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