lOMoARcPSD|31705677

Bescom Internship Report - Google Docs

entre (BMS College of Engineering)

Scan to open on Studocu

Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

Downloaded by Darshan B R ([email protected])
 lOMoARcPSD|31705677

ABSTRACT

BESCOM (Bengaluru Electricity Supply Company) has taken up a project to improve

the reliability, efficiency of its 11KV distribution network of the Bengaluru
Metropolitan Area Zone with existing distribution network equipped with only
manually operated devices, monitoring, and controlling has been cumbersome and
challenging also, the power outage hours account to loss of revenue in the company.
Hence the project aims at transforming the manually operated distributed network to a
remotely operable automated network. It is referred to as the Distributed Automation
System (DAS) project. The project basically comprises of installing automatic
switches such as line recloser (LRC),Load break switches (LBS) & Ring main units at
various nodes in the entire network and building an effective communication network
across the zone with two control Centre facilities operating with dedicated teams,
monitoring and controlling the 11kv distribution network via those automatic switches
.major part of the project from setting up of control centres to installation of the
switches is already completed and testing of the system is under progress this report
gives a brief overview on the functions, benefits, operation of the switches
,communication facilities involved in the DAS project.

Downloaded by Darshan B R ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|31705677

CONTENTS

SL NO TOPIC

1 ABOUT BESCOM

2 INTRODUCTION

3 DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION SYSTEM

4 SWITCH GEARS
● LINE RECLOSER (LRC)
● LINE BREAKER SWITCH (LBS)
● RING MAIN UNIT (RMU)
● REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT (RTU)

5 GENERATION OF POWER
● BIOGAS
● DIESEL
● THERMAL
● HYDRO
● SOLAR
● WIND

6 CONCLUSION

7 REFERENCE

Downloaded by Darshan B R ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|31705677

ABOUT BESCOM

BESCOM – Bangalore Electricity Supply Company Limited is responsible for Power

distribution in Eight districts of Karnataka (Bangalore Urban, Bangalore Rural,
Chikkaballapura, Kolar, Davanagere, Tumkur, Chitradurga and Ramanagara).
BESCOM covers an area of 41,092 Sq. Kms. with a population of over 207 lakhs. The
company has 4 operating Zones – Bangalore Metropolitan Area Zone(North),
Bangalore Metropolitan Area Zone(South), Bangalore Rural Area Zone and
Chitradurga Zone, 9 Circles, 32 Divisions, 147 Sub-divisions and 534 Section Offices.

In the year 1999, Karnataka embarked on a major Reform of the power sector. As a
first step, Karnataka Electricity Board (KEB) was dissolved and in its place, the
Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited (KPTCL) was incorporated. This
was followed by the constitution of Karnataka Electricity Regulatory Commission
(KERC) in November 1999.In the next phase of the Reform Process, the transmission
and distribution business managed by KPTCL were unbundled in June 2002. Four
new distribution companies were formed to distribute power in Karnataka.

Bangalore Electricity Supply Company Limited (BESCOM) has taken over the
responsibility from KPTCL for the distribution of electricity in 8 districts and
commenced its operations from 1st June 2002.

VISION
The Vision of Bescom is to become Number One in Customer Satisfaction in South
Asia in Power Distribution

MISSION
The Mission of Bangalore Electricity Supply Company Limited is to ensure absolute
consumer satisfaction and continuous profit in business
1.By ensuring total employee satisfaction
2. By developing infrastructure, commensurate with growth, thus ensuring reliable
and quality power supply
3. By using best technology in communication and best practices in power sector

Downloaded by Darshan B R ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|31705677

INTRODUCTION

Electricity Sector In India

India is the third largest producer of electricity in the world. During the fiscal year
(FY) 2021–22, the total electricity generation in the country was 1,719 TWh, of which
1,484 TWh was generated by utilities.
The gross electricity consumption per capita in FY2019 was 1,208 kWh. In FY2015,
electric energy consumption in agriculture was recorded as being the highest (17.89%)
worldwide. The per capita electricity consumption is low compared to most other
countries despite India having a low electricity tariff.
The national electric grid in India has an installed capacity of 410.3 GW as of 31
December 2022. Renewable power plants, which also include large hydroelectric
power plants, constitute 40.7% of the total installed capacity. India has a surplus
power generation capacity but lacks adequate fuel supply and power distribution
infrastructure. The average capacity factor of thermal power plants is below 60%
against the norm of 85%.
India's electricity sector is dominated by fossil fuels, in particular coal, which
produces about three-quarters of the country's electricity. The government declared its
efforts to increase investment in renewable energy. The government's draft National
Electricity Plan of 2022 states that the country does not need anymore fossil fuel
power plants in the utility sector until 2027 besides those currently under
construction.It is expected that non-fossil fuel generation contribution is likely to be
around 44.7% of the total gross electricity generation by 2029–30

Power System In Karnataka

KPTCL (Karnataka power transmission corporation limited), a company owned by
The state government of Karnataka is responsible for transmission of power across the
entire Karnataka state. Hence, construction of transmission lines, substations and their
maintenance falls under the purview of KPTCL, it owns 4 numbers of 400 KV
substations ,97 numbers of 200 KV substations,385 substations of 10 KV substations
and 602 numbers of 66 KV substations. apart from substations, KPTCL also has the
following subdivisions for its operations:
SCADA ( supervisory control and data acquisition) Centre acquires real time data
from various interface points across the state and updates this data to SLDC. SLDC(
state load dispatch Centre )is responsible for the real time load dispatch Functions,
operation and maintenance of the SCADA system and energy accounting; it balances

Downloaded by Darshan B R ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|31705677

the supply demand chain of the electric power with optimum scheduling and
dispatching of electricity.
Distribution of power has been vested with five distribution companies, also called
ESCOMS( electricity supply company s) viz
● BESCOM( Bangalore electricity supply company)
● MESCOM( Mangalore electricity supply company)
● HESCOM( Hubli electricity supply company)
● GESCOM( Gulbarga electricity supply company)
● CESCOM ( Chamundeshwari electricity supply corporation limited) •
● PCKI( power company of Karnataka limited)
Takes care of capacity addition and also plays a leading role in procuring power on
behalf of ESCOM’s from various sources

Fault Detection and Isolation (distribution network)-prior to automation

A switch and a fusing element constitutes the basic requirement of system protection
when LV. system is used. Fuse helps in autonomously isolating the particular
load/segment which is faulty a similar concept is applied to the MV system as
well.The circuit breaker-relay combination, present at the start end of the feeder
originating from substation act as breaking element' indicating and isolating the fault

Downloaded by Darshan B R ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|31705677

in the entire feeder line / network and the 'group operating switches (GOS) located at
various points ear used to specifically disconnect the segment in which the fault has
occurred there by restoring power supply to other segments. The tripping of the circuit
breaker (CB) is the first indication of fault in the network.

Response: The tripping of CB will be alarmed at the substation .The CB will be

attempted to reset,which would be successful if the fault was a temporary one. If the
CB trips again immediately ,it indicates that the fault needs to be rectified and is not a
temporary one. A line - man (technician deputed for repair and maintenance of the
area distribution network) will be intimidated about the situation,who would
sequentiallyopen the GOS from the start end of the feeder line confirming the reaction
(status) of CB from the substation personnel for every GOS being opened and closed
thus the exact location of the fault would be identified ,incase of permanent fault also,
if the feeder circuit breaker fails to trip,then the bank breaker and further the breaker
on the LT side of the transformer at substation would trip.

Automation of Distribution Network

The effort involved in the fault detection process, explained above, is tedious and time
consuming. It is quoted approximately 20-45 mins is involved for the same. And this
accounts to loss of revenue to the power supply company during the period of power
outage (no power supply to consumers). By automation, the expected change is
primarily identification of the fault segment and isolation of same independently by
the system within much lesser amount of time (around 1-2 mins) ‚real time
availability of the distribution network data viz voltage ‚current reading,switches
status ,remote controllability of the network v, visual indication of the network
indicating every connection at the control centres.

Downloaded by Darshan B R ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|31705677

DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION SYSTEM

The DAS project in BESCOM is to automate the 11kV Distribution network for
remote monitoring, control and operation of the 11kV network in the Bangalore City.
The implementation of Distribution Automation in Bangalore City will enhance
reliability and quality of power supply. The revenue realisation will improve due to
the reduction in down time for fault location and quick restoration achieved through
the Distribution Automation system consisting of SCADA and Advance DMS
application software.

The Distribution Automation Scheme (DAS) is in the closure stage. The project is an
external aided project and approved by MoP, GoI. JICA, the funding agency approved
the project in November-2006. The total cost of the project is Rs 563.7 Crs. The
project was funded (soft loan) by JICA (JBIC) and Bescom. JICA’s contribution is Rs
417.1 Crs and from BESCOM side about Rs 146.6 Crs. The Project involves
Consultancy and Construction activities. M/s KEMA, USA and M/s CPRI, B’lore
were appointed as Project Management Consultants (PMC) through the Global
Tendering process.

Objectives

● To automate Distribution network for remote monitoring, supervisory control

and operation of the 11kV network in Bangalore City.
● Providing assured quality and reliability of power supply.
● To improve quality of service management and customer satisfaction.
● To avoid loss of time for fault location and restoration due to manual operation.
● To integrate all IT related activities.
● To improve Network Control management.
● Optimum power factor, reduction in losses.

Downloaded by Darshan B R ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|31705677

Benefits of DAS

● Visibility of network parameters in field for better control on distribution

network by SCADA and advance DMS applications in the system
● Increased energy sales and revenue due to reduction in downtime for
restoration of power supply &ensuring reliable power.
● Improved quality of service management and customer satisfaction.
● Better network Management and control over Capex expenditure.
● Improved efficiency in distribution network operation results in lower costs.

Automatic Switches

In order to implement DAS, the following changes are being brought about in the
manually controlled network:

● Installation of automatic recloser switches (LRCs- line recloser unit & LBS -
load break switch) at various points in the 1 KV network
● Installation of DAS compatible RMUs -ring main unit & RTUs - remote
terminal unit.
● Establishment of control centre facilities & communication systems

The LRCs & LBS have inbuilt radios in the control boxes to enable data
communication MU’s do not such facility hence an external RTU (remote terminal
unit) is installed next to every RMU which interfaces the RMU with the
communication network

Operation

Two control centres one at HSR Layout and other at rajajinagar comprises of the
hardware and software facilities necessary for latest SCAD /DMS application ie,
servers, workstation, video projection system ‚LCD panels ,firewalls, routers etc.
through this and the established communication network ,the DAS will not only be
able to monitor the LRC,LBS,RMUs in the network, but also can control the opening
/closing of these switches, turning on/off of the devices, change the devices setting
etc.

Downloaded by Darshan B R ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|31705677

DMS (Distribution management system)

Distribution management system refers to the set of software applications/functions

that aid in efficient management of the electrical power distribution network ,some of
the functions available in DMS are
● Fault detection,isolation, and restoration (FDIR) of the power ot healthy section
of the feeder
● Switching management system inspecting fi the created switching order would
introduce feeder overload and /or voltage problems
● Outage management system(OMS) by interfering DAS to the BESCOM
customer call centre
● Optimum feeder reconfiguration to avoid feeder overloading and voltage
limitation violation
● Load shed/restore during emergency electricity supply shortages
● Calculation of quality service indices(such as SAIDI,SAIFI,CAIDI and
MAIFI)
● Volt/VARcontrolbycontrolingthesubstationstransformers,voltageregulators,capa
citor banks (currently not under the scope of BESCOM DAS project)
● Distribution state estimation(P,V, ) using the SCADAdata and historical load
profile data
● Distribution power flow (DPF)
● Distribution load forecasting
● Crewmanagementindicating &directing appropriate repair crews ot be
dispatched rapidly to fault location assisted in carrying out their work byDAS
operation
● Topology processor which helps in updating any changes in the actual network
to the BMAZ network operations model
● Operator training simulator for training individual to use DAS function on a
simulator reflecting the BMAZ

Downloaded by Darshan B R ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|31705677

SWITCH GEARS

1. LINE RECLOSER (LRC)

What is a recloser?

A recloser is an automatic, high-voltage electric switch. Like a circuit breaker on

household electric lines, it shuts off electric power when trouble occurs, such as a
short circuit. Where a household circuit breaker remains shut off until it is manually
reset, a recloser automatically tests the electrical line to determine whether the trouble
has been removed. And, if the problem was only temporary, the recloser automatically
resets itself and restores the electric power.

On high-voltage electric lines, 80 to 90 percent of trouble occurrences are temporary –

such as lightning, windblown tree branches or wires, birds, or rodents – and will, by
their very nature, remove themselves from the electric line if the power is shut off
before permanent damage occurs to the lines.

The recloser senses when trouble occurs and automatically shuts off the power. An
instant later (the length of time may be noticeable only as a lightbulb flicker), the
recloser turns the power back on, but if the trouble is still present, it shuts it off again.
If the trouble is still present after three such tries, the recloser is programmed to
consider the problem permanent and it remains off. A power company crew must then
repair the problem on the line and reset the recloser to restore power.

Examples of permanent problems include: power lines or other equipment damaged

by lightning strikes, fallen tree limbs, or vehicle crashes.
Reclosers save the electric companies considerable time and expense, since they
permit power to be restored automatically, after only a flicker or two. And, for outages
that require a repair crew, reclosers minimize the outage area and help the crews to
quickly locate the problem and restore power. Consumers of electric power–
residential, business, industrial, and institutional– are saved from the expense and
inconvenience frequent power outages would cause.

The advent of the first commercially successful recloser – the Kyle Type H recloser –
revolutionised the protection of high-voltage (2,400 to 38,000 volt) electric lines, and
made it possible for electric utilities to provide dependable electric power service to
their customers.Without this high level of power reliability, many critical process
power-use devices that are commonplace today, such as computers, pumps, and
assembly lines, would not have been practical.

Downloaded by Darshan B R ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|31705677

Reclosers are used throughout the power distribution system, from the substation to
residential utility poles. They range from small reclosers for use on single phase
power lines, to larger three-phase reclosers used in substations and on high-voltage
power lines up to 38,000 volts.

Downloaded by Darshan B R ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|31705677

General view of controller

Communication Systems

Downloaded by Darshan B R ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|31705677

Function of LRC’s controller

● Detection of phase & earth faults

● Tripping of the breaker and disconnecting from the network
● Reclosing after pre-programmed time delay
● Cold load pickup(eg: for are furnaces with high initial current)
● Sensitive earth fault detection (unground network)
● Direction of fault current flow
● Open line detection (b y under voltage characteristic ,loss of phase )
● Monitor phase angle difference between source & load side voltages of recloser
● Under voltage & over voltage detection
● Under frequency & over frequency detection
● Negative phase sequence current detection
● Power quality monitoring function (sag, swell, short time voltage variations)
● LRC status indication

2. LOAD BREAK SWITCH (LBS)

What is a Load Break Switch?

A load break switch is a device that disconnects the electrical current from an electric
device or circuit when the current exceeds the nominal value. They are tripped by the
magnetic field in the major power system and re-close when the electrical demand
decreases, reducing current peaks in low impedance circuits. These switches are very
simple to use and assemble and they are applicable in public distribution, industrial
sector, distribution panels, motor feeders, and emergency switching.

The load break switch symbol is shown below.

LBS SYMBOL

Downloaded by Darshan B R ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|31705677

Construction:
The load break switches are mainly made in a sheet steel enclosure which provides a
simple & solid construction including epoxy insulators, lagging pin, double switch
blades, forged contacts with loop less current path & arc quenching chamber. The
insulation of this switch will make it lightweight including high mechanical strength
& greater electrical safety. The panel of this switch is available in different
configurations like standing Indoor/Outdoor & RMU type. So this article discusses an
overview of a load break switch – working with applications.

Load Break Switch Working Principle

The working principle of the load break switch is to switch the current by moving
their contacts mechanically with a suitable speed to make or break the current supply.
These switches are exposed to different stresses like thermal, dielectric, and
mechanical throughout the switching operation. These switches give protection to the
transformer and it is an alternative to the two-pole structure.

Features
The features of the load break switch include the following.

● Outstanding arc-extinguishing characteristics.

● It has a light & compact design.
● High current-limiting power fuses.
● These are economical.
● Fuse replacement can be done safely.
● A shunt trip mechanism
● Indicator of a blown fuse.
● Auxiliary contacts.

Downloaded by Darshan B R ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|31705677

LSB CONTROL PANEL

3. RING MAIN UNIT (RMU)

Definition
RMU (Ring Main Unit) cabinet or medium voltage cabinet is integrated electrical
equipment to connect, measure, and integrate fixed type breaker with transformer
protection function.

RMU cabinets are small in size, highly reliable, safe, easy to maintain, easy to replace,
and expand. Depending on requirements, the RMU is available in different voltages
suitable for both indoor and outdoor installations.

Downloaded by Darshan B R ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|31705677

Structure of a Ring Main Unit (RMU)

The RMU cabinet is connected by output and input cable compartments by isolating
breakers and cables out to transformers using load breakers and protective fuses.

In general, the switch element (including load breaker, cutter machine, and ground
knife, busbar, and terminals) is placed in an SF6 gas tank made of a substance that is
particularly resistant to the environment, such as dirt, oil grease, not rust.

RMU cabinets are divided and connected by separate compartments, with RMU
standards with two compartments, four compartments, six compartments, depending
on customer requirements with functions of them.

In the past, most protection schemes for medium / low voltage transformers in
distribution grids used a fuse combined with a cutter knife commonly. It's a simple
and cost-effective solution. On the other hand, circuit breakers in the past were often
expensive and used in high/medium voltage (HV / MV) stations instead of medium /
low voltage (MV / LV) stations.

Recently, mid-voltage cabinet manufacturers such as Schneider Electric designed a

compact RMU cabinet breaker that incorporates SF6 gas insulators, self-powered
relays, and optimised current transformers at a total cost of ownership the equivalent
of a mid-voltage fuse-cutter solution.

Downloaded by Darshan B R ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|31705677

Inside the RMU cabinet

One of the reasons electricity contractors and private customers choose the circuit
breaker solution is improving service quality while optimizing the investment costs.
The circuit breaker with self-powered relays is more comfortable to install than the
medium voltage fuse and suitable for combined upstream and downstream protection.

Purpose of using RMU

The essential functions of the switchgear are:
● Circuit control: It controls the circuit to switch functions.
● Isolation: It isolates the faulty equipment from the rest of the circuit

Downloaded by Darshan B R ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|31705677

● Protection: It protects the circuit from ground-fault current, short-circuits

current fault, and overload.
Compared with medium voltage fuses, the circuit breaker combined with relays will
enhance the ability to protect selectively; Avoid incorrect operation of the
transformer's surge current; Detecting phase-to-phase fault currents and small earth
intensity.

RMU electrical cabinets are used with many different applications in the secondary
circuit distribution system, with the function of input switching for transformer
stations, integrated transformer stations, etc., in many fields of business.

Advantages of Ring Main Unit

RMU cabinets are an innovative solution that makes it easy to manage the many
challenges of power distribution. The RMU is an all-in-one solution because it is safe
switchgear, easy to install, and free to maintain, helping utilities improve network
reliability and uptime and reduce operating costs.
● Reduce maintenance and spare parts: Today's relays require virtually no
maintenance, as they incorporate self-test features. Furthermore, the protective
circuit can be easily checked during commissioning with simple test
equipment.
● Better tolerance to harsh environments: The circuit breaker in the RMU cabinet
is located inside the chamber filled with SF6 gas, so it is not affected by
environmental conditions.
● Improved protection against magnetising overload currents, phase-to-phase
fault currents, and ground contact current with low intensity
● RMU helps to better coordinate protection with other medium voltage and low
voltage protective equipment.

Downloaded by Darshan B R ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|31705677

● Feature-rich compact design: Ring main unit is SF6 Insulated Compact Switch
equipped with SF6 Switch breaker and vacuum circuit breaker. Its compact
design does not require too much space to install and operate.
● Saving time and money: The RMU is switchgear complete and easy to install,
saves installation and operation time. Irrespective of the climate and withstand
the environmental conditions, these units' operation and maintenance costs are
also low.
● Safety and Performance: RMU's state-of-the-art compact design and latest
technologies ensure complete safety, connectivity, reliability, and efficiency.
● Intelligence capabilities: Equipped with smart electronics and communication
capabilities, RMU easily integrates with the Distribution Management System
and builds Smart Grid solutions.
● The lifetime of the device is over 20 years.
● Stable operation in any extreme climatic conditions -2500C ÷ + 4000C

RMU RECLOSER MECHANISM

Downloaded by Darshan B R ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|31705677

REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT (RTU)

RTU stands for Remote Terminal Unit, sometimes also called Remote Telemetry Unit
or Remote Telecontrol Unit.
A RTU is a microprocessor based device that monitors and controls field devices, that
then connects to plant control or SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition)
systems.

If you do a search on the definition of a RTU, you may find many results that state a
RTU is much more powerful than a PLC as the RTU can have several inputs and
outputs. Well, as you know, so can the PLC.
The RTU does have some potential benefits over the PLC, we will discuss in the RTU
basics below.

Downloaded by Darshan B R ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|31705677

GENERATION OF POWER

BIO GAS

● BioGas energy is 24% of Karnataka’s energy

● High Maintenance,High Renewability,Low Expenditure
● 139MW Installed generation capacity
● 9000 Rural households producing biogas
● 45650 tons in CO2 reduction per year
● 750 million tons of inedible biogas is available in India

Downloaded by Darshan B R ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|31705677

DIESEL

● Diesel energy is 0.2% of Karnataka’s energy

● High Maintenance,Low Renewability,High Expenditure
● 510MW Installed generation capacity’
● 25% of capacity in current use
● 370MW of energy produced by Yelehanka power plant
● 210MW from gas based generation and 160MW from steam based energy
generation

Downloaded by Darshan B R ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|31705677

THERMAL POWER PLANT

● Thermal energy is 16% of Karnataka’s energy

● High maintenance,Low Renewability,High Expenditure
● 5020MW of energy produced in 2021
● 8850 capacity of Karnataka
● In the past three years 57% deceased dependence to switch to renewable source
of energy
● 4 number of thermal power stations in Karnataka

Downloaded by Darshan B R ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|31705677

HYDEL POWER PLANT

● Hydro energy is 15% of Karnataka’s energy

● High Maintenance,Low Renewability,Low Expenditure
● 5th India's position globally in installed
● 6780MW of hydro schemes in India
● 148700MW Indias estimated hydro electric potential
● 4 Number of major hydro power stations in Karnataka

Downloaded by Darshan B R ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|31705677

SOLAR

● Solar energy is 24% of Karnataka’s energy

● Low maintenance,High Renewability,Medium Expenditure
● 2000MW worlds largest solar park at Pavagada
● 9.2% of 366 overall generation capacity
● India has added 9GW of solar power in the past two years,for a total of 12GW
power capacity
● 370% of India’s solar generation capacity expansion in the past three years

Downloaded by Darshan B R ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|31705677

WIND POWER PLANT

● WInd energy is 24% of Karnataka’s energy

● Medium Maintenance,High Renewability,High Expenditure
● 139MW of wind power gen capacity
● 124GW of wind power potential at 120m agl
● The state accounts for a 13% market share with a cumulative wind capacity of
5GW
● 30% increase of installation with a capacity of 384mw in the Q3 of 2021

Downloaded by Darshan B R ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|31705677

CONCLUSION

The DAS project taken up by BESCOM, apart from strengthening the control over the
distribution network and providing a single window image for the live network, also
has numerous Distribution Management functions bundled in it benefiting the
company and the end users. Involvement in tasks such as creation of master stations,
modernization of attributes to created stations, field surveying of the devices for
checking per-requisites for antenna installations, point to point testing in the field and
at the control centre helped in understanding the project.

The fault detection, isolation and power restoration process, which is currently taking
approximately 45 minutes, will be drastically reduced to 15 minutes with intelligent
devices operating in the network. This function alone, would give way for increase in
reliability and monetary profit. Further report generation, load forecasting, outage
management, switching order management, active and reactive voltage control and
many more functions are readily available in the DAS system.

These can be made used of in future for further enhancing the reliability of the system.

REFERENCES
● Turan Gonen, "Electrical Power Distribution Engineering'', CRC Press, Third
edition,2014.
● Distribution Automation Handbook: Elements of power distribution systems,
ABB,2013.
● Amanual on 'SF6 gas insulated Pole Mounted Load Break Switch' by Shining
Industrial Electric,website:http://www.ssiec.co.kr
● BESCOM Package I Technical specification for Bangalore Distribution
Upgradation Project, June 2010.
● BESCOM Project User Guide of 11kv SF6 Gas load Break Switch by PNC
technologies. 6. BESCOM Project User Guide of SF6 gas recloser by PNC
technologies.
● Namhum Cho, Rajatha Bhat,Jung Ho, "Field Experience of Distribution
Automation System (DAS) in KEPCO",IEEE Smart Electric Distribution
System and Technologies (EDST),2015 International Symposium.
● H.Asgeirsson,"Distribution Automation -The Foundation for the Smart Grid at
DTE Energy",IEEE PES General meeting 2010

Downloaded by Darshan B R ([email protected])