HTML
HTML
My name is Venkat, and I have over 17 years of experience in the IT industry. Throughout
my career, I’ve worked with various technologies, built applications, and helped businesses
solve real-world problems using software. Today, I’m here to share my knowledge with you
and make learning web technologies easy, fun, and practical.
In this class, we’ll be exploring HTML, CSS, JavaScript, jQuery, Bootstrap, WordPress,
Canva, and Figma—the essential tools for building modern websites. Think of it as
constructing a house; we need a solid foundation (HTML), beautiful design (CSS), interactive
features (JavaScript), and efficient tools (Bootstrap, WordPress, and more).
By the end of this course, you’ll not only understand these technologies but also be able to
build real-world projects confidently. Let’s get started on this exciting journey together! 🚀
jQuery
Since JavaScript can sometimes be lengthy and complex, jQuery is used to make coding
easier. It provides shortcuts to handle events, animations, and page manipulations quickly
with less code. Developers use jQuery to simplify JavaScript tasks and make web
development faster.
Bootstrap
Instead of writing CSS from scratch, Bootstrap provides pre-designed styles and components
like buttons, forms, and grids. It ensures that websites look professional and work well on all
devices without much effort. It uses a combination of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
Canva
Before building a website, designers create attractive banners, posters, and social media posts
using Canva. It’s an easy-to-use tool for creating visuals without coding. Canva is useful for
designing marketing materials that match the website’s theme.
Figma
For a proper website layout, Figma is used to create wireframes and UI/UX designs. It helps
designers and developers plan how the website should look before coding it. It’s a
collaborative tool where teams can work together on website and app designs.
WordPress
If someone doesn’t want to code everything from scratch, WordPress is the best option. It
allows users to build websites easily using themes and plugins. WordPress is widely used for
blogs, business websites, and even e-commerce stores, making website creation simple.
INTERNET FUNDAMENTALS
What is internet?
Internet is a global network of interconnected computers and devices that allows people to share
information communicate, and access a vast amount content or data.
When you type www.google.com, first it will go to ISP, internet service provider, may ACT or JIO etc
Even if you type it in incognito mode, it will pass through the Internet Gateway.
So the fist it will connect to the ISP, it checks the location, suppose it is Hyderabad, is Hyderabad is
ok to open google.com, did he pay the money then it will allow me and my request goes to Domain
name system.
What is DNS, example, in our mobile contact will be there, we don't require to remember peoples
mobile numbers.
In the same way every website has an IP (Internet protocol) address, so if you type google.com, it is
there in a server that server is there in some location. Server in the sense, wherever the website is
hosted. It may be in Switzerland or in Delhi or Mumbai.
DNS_Probe_finished_nxdomain
client side, www.google.com it goes to ISP, it receives domain and location, from isp to dns.it like a
1. What is a website?
if you take amazon.com -- about page will be there, contact us page will be there, electronics page
toys page will be there, etc. all these pages collectively called as a website.
example suppose book contains page, all pages collectively called as a book.
Websites are used to represent information, brand of a business or collect data from users.
Web
Building Construction Comparison Example
Concept
Domain The entire city where buildings The internet as a whole, where many
Space (websites) exist. domains (websites) are hosted.
Domain www.example.com is like a home address
The address of a specific building.
Name people use to find a website.
A room inside the building with its blog.example.com is a subdomain for a
Subdomain
own purpose. blog section of a website.
192.168.1.1 is a unique numerical address
IP Address The GPS coordinates of the building.
that identifies a website.
Web
Building Construction Comparison Example
Concept
Port The door number that allows entry Port 80 (HTTP) or 443 (HTTPS) directs web
Number into a specific room. traffic to the right service.
The framework of the building (walls, Defines the structure of a webpage, like
HTML
roof, foundation). headings, images, and text.
The paint and interior design that Controls colors, fonts, layouts, and
CSS
makes the building look good. responsiveness of a webpage.
The electricity, elevators, and Adds interactivity, like buttons, animations,
JavaScript
automation inside the building. and dynamic updates.
Let's compare web technologies to constructing a building to make things easier to understand!
Explanation
Explanation
(Web
Concept (Building Example
Technologies
Example 🏠)
💻)
A large city
The internet's
with different
naming system
areas where
Domain Space that holds .com, .org, .net are domain spaces.
buildings can
multiple
be
domain names.
constructed.
The unique
A specific
name of a
building’s
Domain Name website that www.google.com, www.istepexcel.com
address in the
helps users find
city.
it.
floor of a creates a
building. separate
section for
different
functions.
A unique
numerical
The exact GPS address that
192.168.1.1 (local IP), 8.8.8.8 (Google's public
IP Address coordinates of identifies a
IP)
a building. website's
location on the
internet.
The skeleton of
The a website that
foundation defines its
HTML and structure structure using
<h1>, <p>, <img>
(Structure) of a building elements like
(walls, rooms, headings,
windows). paragraphs,
and images.
Adds
Electrical interactivity
JavaScript wiring and and dynamic document.getElementById("btn").onclick
(Functionality) appliances behavior to the = function() { alert("Hello!"); };
that bring life website, such
to the house as pop-ups,
animations,
Explanation
Explanation
(Web
Concept (Building Example
Technologies
Example 🏠)
💻)
A JavaScript
A remote library that
control to simplifies
jQuery (Easy operate lights, coding for $("#btn").click(function(){
Controls) fans, and handling alert("Clicked!"); });
appliances animations,
quickly. events, and
effects.
A framework
A construction
with pre-
company
designed
Bootstrap providing
buttons, grids, <button class="btn btn-primary">Click
(Pre-designed ready-made
and navigation Me</button>
Components) doors,
bars to speed
windows, and
up web
furniture.
development.
HTML was developed by Tim Berners Lee(in 1990 at world wide web consortiu) w3c.
Markup in html is the use of tags to define the structure and content of a webpage.
The browser renders the page according to the html code, including headings,
Text Editors
Notepad++
Editplus
VS Code/ Visual Studio Code (code assistance)
Dreamweaver
Sublime
Bluefish
etc.
User Limited or no interactivity (e.g., simple Interactive elements like forms, search
Interaction text and images). features, and user authentication.
A company’s About Us page that A shopping cart page that updates based on
Example
remains the same for all visitors. user selections.
Examples
Key Takeaway:
Static pages are simple, fast, and best for small websites.
Dynamic pages offer interactivity, real-time updates, and require backend processing.
Key Takeaway
More Examples
Here, src, alt, type, placeholder, and disabled have specific values.
Here, checked, readonly, and disabled work without values. Their presence alone is
enough to apply their effect.
Key Takeaway:
HTML Tags:
1. Basic tags
2. Formatting tags
3. List Tags
4. Link Tags
5. Images & Graphics Tags
6. Audio & Video Tags
7. Table Tags
8. Form Tags
9. Frame Tags
10. Semantic & Non Semantic Tags
11. Meta Tags
12. Programming Tags
Formatting tags:
======================
===================================
default is left.
3.
===========================================
<html>
</body>
</html>
============================================
<html>
<body background="C:/flowers.jfif>
Welcome to HTML
</body>
</html>
===========================================
<html>
<body>
</body>
<html>
============================================
Domain/Subdomain
--------------------
A domain is the primary, unique address of a website (e.g., example.com), while a subdomain is a
section or extension of that domain, used to organize content or separate functions (e.g.,
blog.example.com).
Domain:
It's the core identifier that users type into their browser to access a website.
Subdomain:
An extension or subdivision of a domain, used to create separate sections or websites within the
main domain.
Subdomains can be used for different purposes, such as hosting a blog, an online store, or a specific
application, all under the same domain.
Subdomains help organize content and improve website navigation by creating distinct URLs for
different sections.
Subdomains function as a separate website from its domain.
In essence:
The domain is the main address, and the subdomain is a part or extension of that address.
Subdomains are used to create separate sections or websites within a larger website structure.
Sharing information
Advertise
Marketing
ex: pizzashop
you might think most of the websites are free, but they are not,
they are earning crores of money, every webiste will make the business based on their users reach
Here we learnt only whey we join here, what we are going to learn and what we are going to buid
using html
css & javasript and our goal. you can build your own websites using web technologies.
People usually build websites to solve a problem, exmple swiggy,zomoto for delivering the food to
the customers
Night cravings
SO problem solving.
but the problem is now if he is a job seeker whenever interviewer sends an email to him,
because of his irregular activity of checking email, sometimes he may miss he opportunities.
-->notification to WhatsApp
here make gmail interactive is an innovative idea, how it works, support I have a website
where it checks you gmail and gives a notification like WhatsApp.it is good.
Why do we need to do that, is it free, no its not free, they will earn from advertisements.
Here the thing people they work on java, .Net or Python they work on their technologies only,
they don't work on other, but here in web development, they work on all the types of projects
if people asks business website , they built it, if they want a news website, whey will build it.
this is the thing we are going to learn why we are learning HTML
2. I have a pet dog and every time im leaving the town, my pet will be alone, I can't take my pet with
me since travel don't allow.
--> petsheltor
-->
Get an idea, find a solution and build the application and serve the people and generate income.
An e-commerce website
COURSE Curriculum:
UI & UX (figma)
HTML basics
HTML advanced
CSS basics
CSS advanced
Bootstrap
JavaScript basics
JavaScript Advanced
Jquery
frontend technologies
backend technologies
Practice is mandatory.
VPN
=====
A VPN or Virtual Private Network is a secure connection between a device and a network over the
internet. It encrypts data and masks a user's IP address to protect their privacy and security.
How it works
. A VPN creates a secure tunnel between a user's device and a remote server owned by a VP
provider
. The VPN server encrypts the user's data and redirects their IP address through the server
. This makes it difficult for third parties to se what websites the user visits or what data they send
and receive.
Benefits of a VPN
--------------------
So in DNS it traces the IP address of the particular domain then it will go the particular server.
comments are for understanding the work done by developers to whom ever works on it
Client server architecture
IP Address
Port Number
domain
subdomain
Day-1 https://youtu.be/arJqd5u5GAg
Day-2 https://youtu.be/qnc_6-tM-js
Day-3 https://youtu.be/MOg4Xi0D2qI
Day-4 https://youtu.be/RwAksR16tqU
Day-5 https://youtu.be/DrPdBoIGu3k
Extensions
-------------
COLORZILLA
Awesome screen recorder
wappalyzer - technology
Volume Master
Builtwith technology
daily.dev\The home
usually ISP finds our location but VPN tells this request is from Japan not form Hyderabad.
here the problem is DNS also thinks it is from Japan only, the it goes to the nearest server.
Client request the server and server give the response to the request
URL DECODER/ENCODER
meyerweb.com/eric/tools/decoder/
url shortener
url revealer check it.
Every element in HTML will have attributes, they are like properties of that element.
what is a tag
what is an element
what is indentation
prettier
liveserver mandatory.
daily.dev
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, a conceptual framework for network
communication, defines 7 distinct layers.
Physical Layer:
Deals with the physical transmission of data (e.g., cables, connectors, signals).
Focuses on node-to-node data transfer and error detection (e.g., Ethernet, MAC addresses).
Network Layer:
Responsible for routing data packets across networks (e.g., IP addresses, routers).
Transport Layer:
Ensures reliable and ordered data delivery between applications (e.g., TCP, UDP, port numbers).
Session Layer:
Presentation Layer:
Handles data formatting, encryption, and decryption (e.g., ASCII, encryption protocols).
Application Layer:
WWW stands for World Wide Web. It's a system that lets users access documents and other
resources on the internet. It's also known as the web.
The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) transfers data from the web across the internet.
History of WWW
Tim Berners Lee and Robert Cailliau invented the World Wide Web in 1989.
The first web browser was written while Berners Lee was researching at CERN in Switzerland.
The general public was able to access the web browser in January 1991.
The internet is the global network of interconnected computers and devices. The World Wide Web is
a collection of information resources.