GostrolStw

# Yettie domety o do whatnoenoaut it to do or not todo.

airaaft, paca haqt,cans!,

machines,ol, ots adan,
econp, bologCal destems,eneg3drstems.

thoomareit wonrs,o
asitewn te dlowhat e waut it todo, oe ave to ndenstau
uputsanglated t itsout put,otte clsur
5ance atect te dsten (taeoutput). uppose weave aproccam
f witu antuput
andanoutput ,

IT proccess
o Ltneatmetuvaniautxsteuten iteanm
be prealuted
byBeordlluam dtental efuatou. hioepresentatio alled
a maumatcal moel e osten. laematicalmodel iA aa asAtat
Tapreutattou g Astems otumatematiealefuattouthatsouws f
Aelattou Ahip behoeen tapus & output bt
dt dt

tind modal! are deived usty baoic lfundamtutal aas) Aiey

v Ohds tind modal!
aowservattow 1 electe Chane

momeutuu
Neotows fao
maroell efuattos
e Naven dtoes afuatOns
a Laoi eamodymamte
V mass, enegg orCamponent balaneeuatto

# Ontuotheraud se se rst yinple t determinethee efuatows.

fi
 * rao Laplaca
trans
form%aoutput t a inpuąte'procass is all
tetansten
functon te srite
8) "Gs)
xCs)

As, te funeton Gs)taws ferthe inpu ? ta sxtem to ta output.

tla nato (te funato) shows tenatou bate tnput te out put.
out put
v u pro(coss is not onlkdapendent one tnput,fuee ae oter tuputs
that tu a}e ct ha dystem,likedistunbancesornoises.
*Dtstbanees a all stsnalshat soulda14eathaproccess usem
that oecannotmaniputate or aoutal. wile nosesane e iqnals
Aatateet te outputtuostem. oses dotanotsttea e
ptoeas dataoaes
2 Gnapically drstuabance
dcs)
nGises

lt)
cCs)
Gesl

aenea
Dstabanesdse Jtss measalle
destunbanees
&unmeanaLla
destunbances.

*AL:le denyte tansterFanetou oeasoum te ds ao

Jenoiniial codittou. ahich mestess is at est.

Sreten s ):
a
b.Mcs) s"An + sxs1 +
-5Ms) + b
b
Qus Qui . tast ao
aeas
te tajata)Nalacityio
Daume
foe botpeas
2

Ys
2W
e poer iotaname tn bot
andi: (ideal Cane)

W
Dayingicakou
#Ap Neotousdeod
las motot dene
Supply
matemattcal fuatw. inne Dran

Alomoid
aatuator-valvedla
Exampe
B

when actuatd uid4loofam Jt 3

fl
plug s luid. ow

fl
tadAator patt:electical2 Spol valve

medaaucal Sub- parts electical mechanital

v ielecaical
Jubpantts
madaledg
N.Nuwbenknn 1, 3 ta cumut
ouiupthnouphthe coil,
fl
wthemechanicalus-pat:

=ma
 ą bothendsQre ee to move, te torea napundt steteh orcouprens aoping
đsponds ow nelate displacemeat.

f: k(<,-)
rotatHOnal me chauica Bstu elhiits tneno hennalattouslipexst3
bln an applied tongue eou ttg anpulandsplacemeut.

T-to

shatt

elatte anpulandoplacemeut.
T- t(0-e4)

# frctow Elemeuts, len meclanial elementolisipatenens)clueto ismotD

t io modeledas ictouelemeut: "eelemeutis aleddamper"

Linean F: bi
edom ą motioui both ends!
i toeio
f:bli, -*)
or otattonat da
- TontonalVseus preo: T (e,-6.)

# nechanical Trawo
tormmens:Meahautcal caices that travaform au Buput moton
or for ce, commou Ouesane levens peans
m
t Oment
abouti9afuat
Leves

a eperp
endi
culane
 lanete circuito 12aomauJellefuattous te fve wmazwelleuat
Lorensy
enatou te cut Cowtnuityefuaio-) wel ao fanaday!

Jawelec mapnaticinduatiou.
# tadar,Aatelite dsten tes maxwellafuation,
# Gennab,motors(rotaty rtrousilatinamaclwes)sies
Taradar's ao eleactnwanete iuduct
You caunead uore o
lazvoell efuatns D
faudays aelec Mapate
inductio-

# B) natewattcal Modely 3neahanecal

dxsuns
Mechamical Sstam modadsane developed by uspte CownenvatiD
eehongor Cownvao mometum.
1ahich'oadsst a Aleslon
auo motiou, Hoo'sJa nd te lite.
ineHa, stsfness onene dssipatiDw elemets
# hechauicalsyseuscowposad
u Inertal Elemet: trauilatonal roatonal
F: ma Z= Ja

AtfnessEleonauts(eaohy Diy) Ho'sJaus: a nalatonstip b

fl
applied forul fanmatiow eout anepmpDntioual.
Hoozadaus:.e forcefefunudt Counpresretc astag is
propuntonal
to the diiplacement.
F ke
 TlatematHCal nodely J
narte mateal model3 lketical Systaua' To model alectical stem
0euEe e daoąCOMLONVA# Dw chareo, hic leadstho binhoff s
Aanoutuoo laoslkirch4s aurren Las ncho4fs Nolage daw).

Cxamp

L
* kc:CTa ayebaicJum a cunt leavtyandentaiyanodeis
3eno.

# kVL :t agebaiemVoltaga drop&

Voltaqe
gatuanouqh
a cloiad loop (patu) is goro.

+ tom baaic's § electiety tle voltagednopacrassaeneststor

is efualto te poduat4chanesstauee teestorl de cwent
tunon e nesis
tov
CIa votae chopacnsseinductoro efualtotuproduedauductanca
Tueindualbr teate ahanga cuneat o nghouph
fl
tuduatr

opaenssacapacitrisatualt aproduet e
taeagcapacitanca ta capadtbr tealyebratcSum teQunneut
(?atepaqtecumeut)turoe ecapaaitoram time tio, t.
dt
Ssiutais banie avos voecau wodel any alectical estlpasiw
tt Acve lecical componts Xite trawota, opamp
Astune H modalg ot Ye- efavalt wmadalip
apfer(Aprpied eetouis Ia)
fl
 # polo 4 Jeros taferfuatHONie
> fr atnawsfer
unaHow:
7) Gu)= Ncs)
RCS) 95)
3enoi l) orecalad
genos tetawaferanctoa:
uvalws Ns) at marescs)=0
2,io i becauseat thosevalustuoutput o Buo, olateven
e input is.
2 lupolo transfenfunctiou otegenos 99,ava
eopone
les
'stuatmates
Dls)=0. hio io
becawas
tu vcr e se
0u0be ini ty atiolocatous.
aLil:y analksio TramsferFuncton'-

J thepoleo te trawater fnctonareonhuagt ie e

tmaqinanyaxistheu te outm io stasle.
oles(one omore)aneou heimapinany axioeue
4Astem às maninaly ase.

azio esrstem iscalledUwstabe,

 fosa kxcs ) -bsxs) = ms°xes)
fem -te- bi =mż Fem = msoxcs)+ k zes) + b YS)

d{nta-bie mi} lem : (ngoabs +k )xcs)

Output? te ou: s)

Tem (s) wsbs +

promeleetcal oe have Fee N1, Fn s) AIS)

Bo: xs)
N1s) mso+bs+t
2 1s)
N
msobs+k

Exawmple- Seat SuspeuiouÅxsle

Penso

2)casiw loordsplactumsnt
slatte
fang =l
#Aelonoid actuator Ditu noulineanities
da cto
fi
Dtatowal: ltndgenenatorsteu,
Goes
Geantrain

beani

o-4) Visons fetou ba

Tuist 2nenalor
 Tusiaads Tenat de cotaca fove at mes behoeemtetoo peans
twbine inentha
Over al

qomator slem oveal geeralorinentHa

ioput t.ta aslasTaeno

4 t outputto
Lapaa trauatoma?eaclw

9,6)
Ta-fe s°+b,s 9,(s)
Ta- fus ($°3+Lus)e,Cs) --0

* Ta-fer -s(4,s°bs) ,o)0

(5s°+b,:)9,c)----
Ta+(3s Ls) ts) -

Ta+ (3e'is)e,ta- (1,10+4i)e)

 +

inpurt t- Ta Output-T

lut

.ta)=NO,(:)
ė, = N O, → f8(s)= A8,)

* NTa + N (1°+b,s) € -Tę =(I,s+ bas) 9,4)

+ a pover
genenated
4 <apovaen tegenenatovarapual(ideal
qeneratrSla
asei)
Asna ecanneplaa:
La
or

N ,
Na-Niq(441)-(19Ahs)0)
N'Te- Ale:(344)- N'(34s'*bas)Ne,c)
 *Electomechani cal ssslem modaliy
A) D¢ mosonmolor -modeliug: Elecncal Aide
La
Pa
atongu producod bg de msto
isdinect%onpontoaalt Qim
tunCunneut
we bactewf ? ta de-moton
Load
iodineetls propontonelto

electical
the apad temoto
mechani cal
Te ia → Kt
ke
on electical

Va -ia a - ladigb eo
dt
u-teia
Vas iala + ladia + £L ---0
dt
Te-te
ta---- , ki.n

)
Doom mechauical Side

tere- Ie- bo. =Jè,-

dt
Te- fer so, Te- te, de: e
Y
N
dt
-b4- Jd
dt

dt
Ae-Te -
N )
N
dt
 Laplae tras fma

Na iala+Ladia+Es - --6)
dt
-Te 3Isw
Va ziats)la+ lasdats)+ tss), Neia -
Na= ialRa+ la s)+ ts os)

Ra + las

at las N

NEtia -Ts

os) kia-TL- io JS + b

ou wl coutl → en wn W
Cowtr] Va

a coutolea tu Coutrol Va
e wildesi

Homelone mamte evitatio