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Series RLC Circuit, Series and Parallel Resonance Circuit

The document discusses R-L-C series circuits, detailing voltage drops, phase relationships, and resonance conditions. It explains the behavior of circuits under different reactance conditions and introduces the concept of resonant frequency and Q-factor. Additionally, it covers parallel resonance, emphasizing current magnification and the characteristics of tank circuits.

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dishaag25
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25 views9 pages

Series RLC Circuit, Series and Parallel Resonance Circuit

The document discusses R-L-C series circuits, detailing voltage drops, phase relationships, and resonance conditions. It explains the behavior of circuits under different reactance conditions and introduces the concept of resonant frequency and Q-factor. Additionally, it covers parallel resonance, emphasizing current magnification and the characteristics of tank circuits.

Uploaded by

dishaag25
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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El = Electrical Technology 5.3.3. R-L-C Series Circuit ‘An R-L-C circuit is shown in Fig. 5.5 Voltage drop, Vg = IRis an phase with the current I Voltage drop, Vj, = IX; leads the current I by 90° Voltage drop, Vo = [X¢ lags the current I by 90°. Fig. 5.5 ‘The phase diagrams are shown in Fig.5.6 where current is shown as reference. IfX;,> Xp, ME EMENGE: Ayes os inductive as shownlin Fig. 5.6((e)/end current lagabbéhind fhe supply voltage V.IFX, Xo,the phase angle ¢ is positive and the current I lags the voltae? Vas shown in Fig. 5.6 (a) Cavell: When Xi mez, v on ir rz oe(5122)) Fig.5.7 Which is maximum, because Z = R is minimum Since at resonance X;, = X¢ o% 1pXz = 1p Xc oe aC (5.23) Also, ye Wit -Ver = +O or V=Vp 6.24) and V=1R ‘Thus, at resonance the supply voltage V is equal to Vn and is shown in the phasor diagram picted in Fig, 5.7 (b) a Under resonance eondition the power drawn by the cients, v Py=VIpens d= Vpx1=V% R v 6.25) or Po a pene and therefore power @) The supply voltage and sup factor is unity. ply current are in phase ie. 0=0 gp Electrical Technology The circuit impedance Zis minimum and Z=R a The supply current Ip is maximum and is given by ae Ola (iv) X,=Xo (v) Vp=Ve 2 (vi) The power absorbed, Pp = - (| 5.4.1. Resonant Frequency The frequency at which the resource occurs is called the resonant frequency. It is denoted by fp at resonance, ALWAYS REMEMBER x Xo Resonance occurs only at ‘L. resonant frequency. EO sera f= a Hz 2nVLC If, @g = resonant frequency in rad/s @o = 2m fy = —|yad/s VLC (o) ocelot oO 5.4.3 Quality Factor or Q-Factor Under resonant condition, the current drawn from oy the supply i ge voltage drop across inductor and capacitor. The Q-factor ofthe dieeatt Tiueeiyie a lar Voltage across L at resonance Q-factor = Supply Voltage at resonance aes Quattor = Voltage across C at resonance Supply Voltage at resonance pee eX Xo Vv Vv This is also called voltage amplification factor TX, 1%, _ Xe _ 2m fol @-ham = ok, Au Luo (5.26) Vv I,R R R ars SL 5.21) L Q-factor =2%f) —=7G*R R Es Ohne RNC factor in series resonant circul or must be Q-factor or voltage amplification of circuit components. heavy curren! The effect of considered in the selection Since, a series resonant circuit draws circuit. + from the supply, it is called acceptor of Different Quantities with Frequency The varation of different electrical quantities with frequency is shown in Fig. 5.8, Variation of inductive reactance = The inductive reactance X,=2" fL and therefore is ‘ directly proportional to the frequency. Hence, its graph is a straight line passing through the origin. Variation of Capacitive reactance : The and therefore oo 5.4.2. Variation c Current I ith tance Xq = pepact ive reactance Xq anfC is inversely proportional to the frequency. Hence, its graph is a rectangular hyperbola. ; Variation of net reactance : The variation of X = (X;, — Xq) is obtained from the X, versus f. and X, versus f of curves. This curve crosses the frequency axis at a point where f= - Fig. 5.8 ariation of resistance : Since the resistan isi . : : ceR R versus f, is a straight line parallel to frequency axis. is independent of fretuaia aa Variation of impedance : The i i ‘ : impedance is mini is gi BRE RUKH K el nimum at resonant frequency ands i <%c below resonant frequency and the impedance is capacitive. "Therefore, the oe * aft Frequency ———> Chapter 5 — A.C. Series Circuits . pid factor is leading. Xj, > X¢ above resonant frequency and impedance is inductive. Therefore, the power factor is lagging. At resonant frequency Z = R and the power factor {cos b= aS is unity. Z Variation of current: The current current has maximum value at resonance either side of the resonance. dis frequency curve is called response curve. The and is given by Ig = V/R. The value of I decreases on oe 2 & oN | 6.3. PARALLEL RESONANCE The most common form of parallel resonant circuit in practical use is shown in Fig. 6.2 (a). It is called a tank circuit. This a.c. parallel circuit will be in resonance when the circuit current Ba = Bloctrical Technology ‘ed voltage (V). The phasor diagram of the circuit ig shown ; In ({p) is in phase with the appli ). Fig. 6.2 (D) ‘ 1, ig resolved into two components I}, ¢o8 ¢, in nS phase-with supply voltage V and ;, sin @y, in quadrature with supply voltage V. is ‘At some frequency f = fy (called resonance | or frequency), Ig = I, sin oy, Vv Vv ‘ X, here, Ig = A= and sin >, = where, Io= oh = 7 are pvapeey Xs Xo %, Z, or Zi, =X1,Xc ..(6.10) ; 1 or Zh = OL G (w= 2n ho) or B+ (QnfbP=e 1 : f= an IfR << L, then Eqn. (6.11) becomes a 07 2nVJLC At parallel resonance, current drawn from the supply is T=Ip =1,,cos 6), Me A a ZB, lige? or Zi .. (6.12) Substituting the expression of Z? from Hqn. (6.10) in Eqn. (6.12), we get La R Zz XiXe or Pee eee SC) Le (6.13) R R CR Z) is the impedance of the circuit under resonance condition and is purely resistive, because it is independent of frequency. Zy is called dynamic impedance of the circuit. The value of Zp is very large because the ratio of é is quite large. Further, lower the resistance R of the coil, 1,= larger the impedance will be and the current Ip atresonance will be minimum as shown in resonance curve depicted in Fig. 6.3. : a Electrical Technology Substituting the value of @; i From Eqn. (6.15), we get ee Pee Oak) 5, op CR Bel: = oR (6.20) iene ‘ Since, Ge is independent of frequency and therefore the input impedance is resistiye L Zo= CR as before [) 6.3.1. Current Magnification At resonance, the branch current may be many times greater than the current drawn from the supply. Hence, this type of resonance is called current resonance. .. Current magnification = = -.(6.21) 0 _ Isin 6, ~ I, cos 6, where from impedance triangle tan , = = tan 6, or current magnification = ®o ne = Q~ factor of the coil ..(6.22) ak 2 az (6.23) Thus, Q-factor is a measure F current magnification From the frequency curve shown in Fig. 6.3. We find that current drawn I, at resonance frequency fp is minimum and very small. Hence the parallel resonant circuit is also called rejector circuit.

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