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8 Electric Vehicles

The document provides an overview of automobile transmission systems, detailing their components, types, and functions. It explains the roles of the clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft, and differential in transmitting engine power to the wheels, while also discussing the advantages and disadvantages of various transmission types, including manual and automatic systems. Additionally, it highlights the importance of transmission systems in ensuring vehicle performance, comfort, and fuel efficiency.

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15 views31 pages

8 Electric Vehicles

The document provides an overview of automobile transmission systems, detailing their components, types, and functions. It explains the roles of the clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft, and differential in transmitting engine power to the wheels, while also discussing the advantages and disadvantages of various transmission types, including manual and automatic systems. Additionally, it highlights the importance of transmission systems in ensuring vehicle performance, comfort, and fuel efficiency.

Uploaded by

hiteshgamare309
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ELECTRIC VEHICLES (OPEN ELECTIVE- I)

Sem-VI
Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute,
Matunga, Mumbai

Dr. B. B. Pimple
[email protected]
Department of Electrical Engineering
Sardar Patel College of Engineering Andheri (West)

1
Transmission in Automobiles
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• The transmission system in automobile is a vital component
serving as the bridge between the engine's power and the wheels
that drive the vehicle.

• Controls the speed and direction of the automobile, allowing it to


navigate various road conditions and terrains.

• It has evolved significantly over the years, enhancing driving


comfort, fuel efficiency, and overall performance from manual to
automatic transmissions.
Components of Transmission System in Automobiles:
• These include the gearbox, clutch, torque converter, driveshaft,
differential, and various sensors, working together to transmit power
from the engine to the wheels, ensuring optimal performance and
control
The transmission system consists of the following components:
• Clutch.
• Gearbox.
• Propeller shaft.
• Differential.
• Live Axle.
CLUTCH:

• The clutch is important part in allowing the engine to remain


disconnected from the road wheels while changing the gears.

• It enables the transfer of rotational motion from the crankshaft to


the road wheels only when prompted by the driver.

• Operating on the principle of friction, the clutch ensures a gradual


engagement, facilitating a smooth start for the vehicle.

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• ICEs have a very limited torque band, and due to this reason, in order
to efficiently vary the speed of the drive wheels, ICE need a
transmission system.

• It makes sure that the engine is working within its optimum rpm
range and by changing gear according to the driving conditions

• It helps to control the drive wheel speeds.


• To have a smooth gear change with a manual transmission, the
engine power flow to the transmission has to be discontinued.

• However, it is not practical to turn off the engine just for this gear
change.

• In short, the clutch is a mechanism to disconnect the flow of power


to the transmission, without turning the engine off.
WORKING OF CLUTCH:
• The main part of the clutch consists of a disc coated with high friction
material on both sides.
GEARBOX

• Comprising pairs of gear wheels, the gearbox efficiently transmits


motion from the crankshaft through the clutch at varying speeds.

• This variation in is necessary for different driving conditions and


requirements.

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PROPELLER SHAFT

• Bridges the gap between the gearbox and the differential.

• Accommodates the substantial distance between GB and


DIFFENTIAL, facilitating the connection.
DIFFERENTIAL:

• One of the key functions of the transmission system is to redirect


motion by 90 degrees, aligning the axis of the propeller shaft with
that of the live axle.

• The differential achieves this through a wheel and pinion


arrangement. Additionally, it regulates the speed difference
between the inner and outer wheels during turns.

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Live Axle
The live axle, the axle where motion is transferred from the engine's
crankshaft, is responsible for driving the vehicle.

In contrast, the other axle, known as the dead axle, primarily bears
the vehicle's weight. While motion is typically directed to the rear
axle, it can be distributed to the front axle or even both, resulting in a
four-wheel drive configuration.

Ultimately, the live axle transmits motion to the road wheels,


allowing them to rotate and generate the necessary friction with the
road surface for vehicle movement.
WORKING OF TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS IN AUTOMOBILE:

• The ICE generates power transmitted to the road wheels through


the rotation of the crankshaft.

• The automobile transmission system comprises various components


working together to smoothly and efficiently transmit crankshaft
motion to the road wheels.
• Circular motion results in inner and outer wheels travelling different
distances during the same period, requiring synchronisation.

• In most automobiles, engines are in the front, while power is


transmitted to the rear road wheels, necessitating transmission over a
considerable distance.

• Uneven road surfaces cause axle and spring movement, requiring the
transmission system to accommodate these positional changes
TYPES OF TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS IN AUTOMOBILE

• Automobiles employ two primary types of transmission systems:


manual and automatic.

• Manual transmissions require driver input to shift gears, while


automatic transmissions shift gears automatically, offering
convenience and ease of use.

The various types of Automobile Transmission Systems are:


1. Manual Transmission
2. Automatic Transmission
3. Semi-automatic Transmission:-
4. Dual-cutch Transmission
5. Sequential Transmission
4. Continuously Variable Transmission
The Tata Nexon 6-speed manual transmission has these gear
ratios: 1st gear: 3.308, 2nd gear: 1.913, 3rd gear: 1.218, 4th gear:
0.895, 5th gear: 0.653, and reverse gear: 3.308.
Manual Transmission System
Manual transmission, also known as a stick shift or standard
transmission, is one of the oldest and simplest transmission systems in
automobiles.

In this system, the driver manually selects and engages gears using a
gear shifter and clutch pedal. By disengaging the clutch, the driver can
smoothly change gears to control the power sent from the engine to the
wheels.

Manual transmissions give drivers a high degree of control over their


vehicles but require more skill and effort to operate effectively.
Automatic transmission is a user-friendly alternative to manual
transmission.

It eliminates the need for manually shifting gears, making driving more
convenient, especially in heavy traffic. An automatic transmission
system uses a torque converter to regulate the power flow between the
engine and the wheels.

The transmission's hydraulic system automatically selects and engages


the appropriate gear based on driving conditions, engine speed, and
vehicle load, allowing for smooth and effortless gear changes.
Automatic Transmission System
SEMI-AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM IN AUTOMOBILE
• It offers a blend of manual and automatic control.

• Provides the option for the driver to shift gears without the need for
a clutch pedal manually.
CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSION (CVT) SYSTEM IN
AUTOMOBILE

• CVT is a modern and innovative transmission system that doesn't use


traditional gears.

• Instead, it relies on a belt and pulley system to provide a seamless


range of gear ratios (ideally infinity).

• CVTs are known for their fuel efficiency and smooth acceleration,
making them popular in many compact and hybrid vehicles.

• However, some drivers may find their operation different from


traditional transmissions due to the absence of distinct gear changes.
Continuously Variable Transmission
Functions of Transmission System in Automobile

• Transmit engine power to the wheels.


• Control the speed and direction of the vehicle.
• Provide variable gear ratios for different driving conditions.
• Enable smooth acceleration and deceleration.
• Allow the vehicle to come to a complete stop without stalling the
engine.
• Facilitate efficient power delivery and fuel economy.
• Adapt to changes in terrain and road conditions.
• Enhance driving comfort and convenience.
• Enable reverse gear for backing up.
• Transfer engine torque to the wheels for propulsion.
Requirements of Transmission System in Automobile
• Allow the engine to remain disconnected from the road wheels
until engagement is required.
• Facilitate a smooth and gradual connection between the running
engine and the road wheels, avoiding abrupt jerks.
• Provide adjustable leverage between the engine and road wheels to
accommodate various conditions, such as starting from a standstill,
maintaining a constant speed, or ascending a hill.
• Enable the reduction of engine speed as needed.
• Redirect the drive at a 90-degree angle.
• Permit differential speeds for inner and outer road wheels when
following a curved path.
• Allow for relative motion between the engine and road wheels as
they move up and down due to uneven road surfaces.
Advantages of Transmission System in Automobile
•Gear Ratio Flexibility: Allows adapting to different driving conditions
for optimal performance and fuel efficiency.

•Power Distribution: Transmits engine power to the wheels, enabling


the vehicle to move.

•Smooth Acceleration: Facilitates seamless speed changes for a


comfortable driving experience.

•Fuel Efficiency: Optimizes engine performance and conserves fuel by


adjusting gear ratios.

•Control: Provides the driver with control over the vehicle's speed and
power output.

•Towing Capacity: Enhances the ability to tow heavy loads with


appropriate gear selection.
Disadvantages of Transmission System in Automobile

Complexity: Manual transmissions require driver skill, while automatics


have intricate components, making repairs costly.

• Learning Curve: Manual transmissions necessitate practice and may


be less accessible to some drivers.

• Maintenance: Transmissions may require periodic servicing and fluid


changes.

• Wear and Tear: Over time, transmission components can wear out,
leading to potential failures.

• Cost: Transmission repairs or replacements can be expensive.

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