PHYSICS PROJECT ->

BY- MANSI
RAVAL
Class- 11th A
Roll no.- 13
Subject teacher-
Mrs. Tanvi Mam
• Acknowledgment

• I sincerely thank Mrs. Tanvi Mam for their

invaluable support and guidance throughout
this project. Their insights and expertise
were instrumental in the successful
completion of this work.

• I am also grateful to the Internet and Copilot

for providing the necessary resources and
facilities. I especially thank my friends and
family for their encouragement and support.

• Lastly, I would like to thank my parents for

their continuous motivation and assistance.

• Thank you
•
Certificate

It is certified that Mansi Raval of

class XI-a has completed this
project with great diligence
under the guidance and
supervision of Mrs. Tanvi Mam.
The project for the subject of
physics titled ‘Laws of motion
and its application in real life’ is
up to the standards of the
Central Board of Secondary
Education.
• Teacher’s Signature
Student’s Signature
CONTENTS
S no. TOPIC REMA
RK
1 Acknowledgment

2 Certificate

3 Introduction

4 Principle

5 Theory

6 Application of each law

in real life

7 Bibliography

INTRODUCTION
“Plato is my friend – Aristotle is my friend –
but my greatest friend is the truth.”

. Newton's Three Laws

• Back in 1687 Sir Isaac Newton wrote three
laws about motion, which are:
• 1st Law: Force is needed to change an
object's velocity
• 2nd Law: F = ma
• 3rd Law: Every action has an equal and
opposite reaction.

• These three laws of motion were first stated

by Isaac Newton in his Mathematical
Principles of Natural Philosophy, originally
published in 1687. Newton used them to
investigate and explain the motion of many
physical objects and systems. Newton’s laws
of motion are of central importance in
classical physics. A large number of
principles and results may be derived.

• The first two laws relate to the type of

motion of a system that results from a given
set of forces.
For example, a stone released from the top of
a building accelerates downward due to the
 earth's gravitational pull. A bar magnet can
attract an iron nail from a distance. This
shows that external agencies (e.g.,
gravitational and magnetic forces) can exert
force on a body even from a distance.

. Principle ->

• First Law (Law of Inertia): An object at

rest will remain at rest or in uniform motion
in a straight line unless acted upon by an
external force. This means that objects tend
to keep doing what they’re doing unless
something causes a change.
• Second Law (Law of Acceleration): An
object's acceleration depends on the
object's mass and the amount of force
applied. This is often summarized by the
equation (F = ma ), where ( F ) is force, ( m )
is mass, and ( a ) is acceleration. Essentially,
heavier objects require more force to move
the same distance as lighter ones. This
relationship applies the principle of
preserving the momentum, which is that
 when the sum of the resultant forces acting
on the object is equal to zero, the
momentum of the object remains constant.
The resultant force is equal to the rate of
change in the momentum.
• Third Law (Action and Reaction): For
every action, there is an equal and opposite
reaction. This means that if you push on
something, it pushes back with the same
force in the opposite direction.

• Theory

• First Law
(Inertia):

• Explanation:
 “An object at rest will stay at rest, and
an object in motion will stay in motion
unless acted on by a net external
force.”

• Example 1: A book on a table

stays still until you push it.
Similarly, a moving car will
continue moving in a straight line
unless you apply the brakes or
turn the steering wheel.
 •
This means that motion cannot change or decrease
without the effect of an unbalanced force.

Example 2: If an object is dropped while in space, it will

continue to move in the same direction and speed
unless interfered with.
 -Inertia

. The principle of inertia is one of the basic

principles in classical physics that is still
used today to describe motion.

. The term inertia may be referred to as

“resistance to change in motion.” This
includes changes in the speed of the object.

. This principle introduces the concept of

inertia, which is the tendency of objects to
resist changes in their state of motion. Inertia
is directly proportional to the mass of the
object.

. There are three types of inertia:

 Inertia of rest
 An object stays where it is placed, and it will stay there until you or
something else moves it.
 Inertia of motion
An object will continue at the same speed until a force acts on it.
 Inertia of direction –
An object will stay moving in the same direction unless a force acts on it.

• Second Law (Acceleration):

• Explanation: The acceleration of an
object depends on its mass and the
force applied to it, expressed as ( F =
ma ) (Force = mass × acceleration).

• Example: Pushing an empty

shopping cart is easier than pushing
a full one because the full cart has
more mass, requiring more force to
accelerate.

-Mathematically, Newton’s second law can be expressed

through the following equation of motion:
Where F is the resultant force, m is the mass of the object,
and a is the acceleration of the body.

This law also means that when two equal forces act on two
different bodies, the object with greater mass will have less
acceleration and slower motion, and the object with less
mass will have greater acceleration. For example, to
illustrate:
If we have two similar engines, one for a large car and the
other for a small car, then the small one will have more
acceleration because its mass is less and the large one
will have less acceleration because its mass is greater.

• Third Law (Action and

Reaction):

• Explanation: For every action,

there is an equal and opposite
reaction.

• Example: When you jump off a

boat, you push the boat
backward (action), and the
 boat pushes you forward
(reaction).

• Newton’s third law can be mathematically expressed through the

following equation of motion:

• Body 1 effects by a force F1 on body2 which effects by a force F2 on

body 1.

• Application of these laws

in real-life
There must be a question that will arise how are
these laws applied in real life?
 So, we will be seeing the application of each in
real life.

->First of all, let us start with some questions which

are as follows:-
• How do things move and how do they stay constant?
• How do airbags work in cars?
• How do planes fly in the air?
• How does the water flow?
• Why do buildings look static and not fall off?
• How do cars work?
• Only physics and physics discoveries can answer all these questions
• Let us start taking each one by one.

• Application of 1st law in

real life
• Car airbags
 The function of the airbag is to inflate in an accident
and prevent the driver’s head from hitting the
windshield. When a car with an airbag is exposed to
an accident, the sudden slowdown in its speed leads
to the operation of an electrical switch, and this
starts a chemical reaction that produces a gaseous
substance that works to fill the airbag and protect the
driver’s head.

More examples are:-

1. The book on the table stays in place unless it is
dislodged.
 2. While riding a skateboard (or cart or bike), you fly
forward away from the board when you hit a
sidewalk, rock, or anything else that suddenly stops
the skateboard.

Application of 2nd law in real life

Example 1 – In car racing, engineers try to keep vehicle
mass as low as possible, as a lower mass means more
acceleration, and the higher the acceleration the greater
the chances of winning the race.
 Example 2 - Push the cart
It is easier to push an empty cart in a supermarket than
to push a loaded cart. More mass requires more power
for acceleration.
 Another example which we all see-

 Engineers apply Newton’s third law when designing

rockets and other devices, for example, the rush of
gases from the rocket to the top when it ignites causes
it to increase its speed.
Bibliography
To complete my project file successfully I
have taken help from the following books and
websites:-

1. NCERT textbook Physics part1

2. Concepts of Physics – HC. Verma

3. www.pinterest.com

4. www.wikipedia.com

5. Slideshare
THANK YOU!!