CHAPTER 1

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Effective cleaning and sanitizing helps and protect the health of the human beings directly and indirectly.
Also, cleaning and sanitizing prevents the pest infestations by reducing residues that can attract and support
bees, pests etc. It also improves the shelf life of the floor, walls etc. due to regular cleaning and maintenance.
In recent years, most of the people prefer to use trains or buses for commuting and hence these places are
littered with biscuits covers, cold drink bottles etc. Hence, it is necessary to clean the bus stands and railways
stations at regular interval. There is no one single cleaning method that is suitable for all locations and
occasions and effective cleaning depends upon type of cleaning device, cleaning technique and also the
equipment should be user friendly. Cleaning work can be physically demanding and a need has been
identified to developed methods for systematic ergonomic evaluation of new products. In recent years, floor
cleaning robots are getting more popular for busy and aging populations due to lack of workers. However,
in India, unemployment is more and hence there is a need to develop less labor oriented cleaning machine.
Hence, the present work is aimed
to design, development and evaluation of a manually operated road cleaning machine. Liu carried out a
technical analysis of residential floor cleaning robots based on US granted patents. They observed that
the macroscopic analysis of patents and patent bibliometric or patent maps, is useful tools to make an
overview for designated technical topics and they observed that the Samsung is the top one patentee in
cleaning robot after macroscopic of view. Imaekhai Lawrence evaluation has shown how the use of
multiple assessment techniques can provide a comprehensive appraisal of the design, usability and
musculoskeletal loading upon the operator. They suggested that the trials with a larger number of subjects
would certainly strengthen the conclusions. Abhishek Chakraborty reported that the most significant
cause of road dust to the total suspended particulate burden is vehicle traveling on paved and unpaved'
surfaces. Consequently, data directly relating dust to road accidents are rare, but in a study if dust is the
cause of 10% of these accidents casualties then the cost could amount to as much as 0.02% of GDP in
some developing countries and total about $800 million annually.

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 CHAPTER 2

2.1 SCOPE OF PROJECT WORK

Existing road clean methods are two types

i) Electrical operated
ii) Manually operated.

In manual process, the road cleaning is done with the help of hand and shovel to clean off the debris,
waste etc. by spreading the dust all over in the air. Manual cleaning may cause shoulder problem due to
continuous sweeping. While in the Machinated process, a vehicle containing broom at bottom
continuously rotating, clean the road as well as sucks the dust spread by rotating broom. Electrically
operated road cleaner’s uses electrical energy to run the motor.

In our project manually operated road cleaning machine is alternative concept for avoiding such
problems. It works very efficiently with respect to covering area. It is very economical to use.

This machine reduces human effort. Also it is less time consuming and cause no noise pollution like
motor driven cleaning machine do.

Manually operated road cleaning machine can be attached to any vehicle to reduce human effort and
make it semi-automated.

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 CHAPTER 3

3.1 LITERATURE SURVEY

3.1.1 Mohsen Azadbakht, Ali Kiapey, Ali Jafari- “Design and fabrication of a tractor powered leaves
collector machine equipped with suction-blower system”- The authors explained about the fabrication of
leaves collector machine by tractor powered with suction blower system. He has framed the machine by
using chassis, pump, blower, gearbox, hydraulic jack. They concluded total power consumption of that
machine is around 14634 W.

3.1.2 M. Ranjith Kumar, N. Kapilan- “Design and Analysis of Manually Operated Floor Cleaning
Machine”- The authors has designed and analyzed manually operated floor cleaning machine. From his
research he concluded the stress level in the manually operated machine is within the safe limit.

3.1.3 Sandeep. J. Meshram, Dr. G.D. Mehta- “Design and Development of Tricycle Operated Street
Cleaning Machine” – He has developed the street cleaning machine by tricycle operated. In this research
article he framed a model especially for rural area. He concluded that the cleaning is less effective where
the street seems to be very rough and damaged.

3.1.4 Imaekhai Lawrence– “Evaluating Single Disc Floor Cleaners” - The evaluation has shown how
the use of multiple assessment techniques can provide a comprehensive appraisal of the design, usability
and musculoskeletal loading upon the operator. They suggested that the trials with a larger number of
subjects would certainly strengthen the conclusions.

3.1.5 AbhishekChakraborty, Ashutosh Bansal– “Design of Dust Collector for Rear Wheel of Four-
Wheeler” – They reported that the most significant cause of road dust to the total suspended particulate
burden is vehicle traveling on paved and unpaved' surfaces. Consequently data directly relating dust to
road accidents are rare, but in a study if dust is the cause of 10% of these accidents casualties then the
cost could amount to as much as 0.02% of GDP in some developing countries and total about $800
million annually.

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CHAPTER 4

4.1 DESIGN METHODOLOGY

The procedure mentioned in the flow chart is followed during design and fabrication of the product

LITERATURE SURVEY

IDENTIFICATION OF DESIGN PARAMETERS

DESIGN

ANALYSIS

FABRICATION

TESTING

RESULT & DISCUSSION

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 4.2 WORKING

Eco friendly road cleaning machine is an advanced type of machine used for the roads or streets. Eco
friendly road cleaning machine we are making without using any power supply, fuels and engines. The
machine is run by a human effort or a man power. The system is fixed with pair of wheels which are
connected with the help of shaft. The shaft makes the wheels connected to one and other. The wheels are
moved for a desired position with a help of manual force which can handle is provided to move. The
handle can be adjusted for a required height and provided three adjusting holes for it. A chain drive is
connected to the wheels and gear at both sides. The chain is moved according to the wheel and gear. The
brush moving opposite direction of the wheels move and the brush brooms the waste present on the road
also it dumps the waste into the waste collecting box. The waste collecting box is removed to dump the
waste into desired places.

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CHAPTER 5

5.1 PROJECT WORK DETAILS

FIG 5.1 FINAL PROTOTYPE

• Bearings
• Shafts
• Metal Frames
• Roller brush
• Chain

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 • Sprocket

 Spur gear
 Wheels
 Collecting Box
Wire ropes
•

5.1.1 Bearing

A bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion to only the desired motion, and
reduces friction between moving parts. Rotary bearings hold rotating components such as shafts or
axles within mechanical systems, and transfer axial and radial loads from the source of the load to the
structure supporting it. Lubrication is often used to reduce friction. In the ball bearing and roller
bearing, to prevent sliding friction, rolling elements such as rollers or balls with a circular cross-
section are located between the races or journals of the bearing assembly.

FIG 5.2 BEARINGS

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5.1.2 Shaft

A drive shaft, driveshaft, driving shaft, propeller shaft (prop shaft), or Cardan shaftis a mechanical
component for transmitting torque and rotation, usually used to connect other components of a drive train
that cannot be connected directly because of distance or the need to allow for relative movement between
them.

5.1.3 Metal Frame

The metal frames used are angle iron bars. This type of frame is used for various purposes in
engineering industry; it is also known as L-shaped frame. The material used for the frame is mild steel.
It has carbon ranging from 0.10-0.20%, Tensile strength is 420 N/mm2. The frame is used as the main
structure, which supports the assembly. It also supports the collector and the shaft having gears and
bearing assembly. The metal plate-carrying shaft is welded to the frame. The handle is welded to the top
of the frame. The metal frame is cut as per the requirements and then they are welded.

FIG 5.3 FRAME

5.1.4 Wheels

Two wheels, each wheel having desired diameter are used for easy motion and drives the rack and
pinion mechanism of the machine.

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5.1.5 Brushes
The brushes are situated on the front side of the vehicle. Purpose of the brushes is to extract the dirt
and waste from the road and broom it aside cleaning the road. For this purpose, we have used metal
brushes which can remove dust and dirt from the road. Metal brushes have a long life and can also
easily clean out wastes. This is done with the help of motors. On the rear side of machine is the high
speed blower. Function of this blower is to blow out the unwanted particles from the road towards
the sides of the roads so that they can be cleaned up easily. This is doneby providing an inclination
to the fan which operates at very high speed to blow away the unwanted wastes from the road.

FIG 5.4 BRUSH

5.1.6 Collecting Box

The function of the collecting box is to collect the waste up to some quantity after that the box is
removed and the waste is dumped.

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5.1.7 Chain
The chain is made of steel which is used to transmit power from gear sprocket to pinion sprocket, and it
has a no sleep.

FIG 5.5 CHAIN

5.1.8 Sprockets
The name 'sprocket' applies generally to any wheel upon which radial projections engage a chain
passing over it. It is distinguished from a gear in that sprockets are never meshed together directly,
and differs from a pulley in that sprockets have teeth and pulleys are smooth. We use freewheel and
chain wheel for chain and sprocket arrangement.

FIG 5.6 SPROCKET

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5.1.9 Spur Gears

Spur gears are the most common type of gears. They have straight teeth, and are mounted on
parallel shafts. Sometimes, many spur gears are used at once to create very large gear reductions.
This is because the spur gear can be really loud. Each time a gear tooth engages a tooth on the
other gear, the teeth collide, and this impact makes a noise. It also increases the stress on the gear
teeth.

FIG 5.7 SPUR GEARS

5.1.10 Gutter Brush

Brushes are tools composed of bristles that are fixed into a mounting board, and, like other
types of brushes, they are elastic, flexible, and conform to irregular or flat surfaces. Due to these
features, a gutter brush can reach difficult or specific areas without damaging the bristles or the
surfaces to be swept

FIG 5.8 GUTTER BRUSH

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5.2 COST ESTIMATION

BEARINGS ₹ 2000

SPUR GEARS ₹ 1500

SHAFT ₹ 800

COLLECTING BOX ₹ 800

WIRE ROPES ₹ 1400

METAL FRAME ₹ 3000

ROLLER BRUSH ₹ 500

CHAIN AND SPROCKETS ₹ 4000

WHEELS ₹ 1500

GUTTER BRUSH ₹ 2000

TOTAL ₹ 17,500

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CHAPTER 6

6.1 CONCLUSION

The manually operated eco-friendly road cleaner is successfully designed, analyzed and fabricated.
This project works implements the manually operated eco-friendly road cleaner for road cleaning
that reducing the cost, human efforts as well as time. It is the best alternative for automated road
cleaning machine during power crisis. It is found that the existing road cleaning machines uses petrol
and diesel. It can cause pollution and also the vibration produced in the machine causes noise
pollution. While manual cleaning may cause healthy problem as the person directly comes in contact
with dust. Also, the shoulder problem due to continuously sweeping occurs. A manually operated
eco-friendly road cleaner is an alternative concept for avoiding such problems. The manually
operated eco-friendly road cleaner can work very efficiently with respect to covering area, time and
cost of road cleaning process compared with the existing machineries. Also it is economical. It was
seen while testing of machine, that the cleaning is less effective where the road seems to be very
rough and damaged. It is providing job to the uneducated person who is in need for such jobs as
human energy is needed to drive the machine.

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 CHAPTER 7

REFERENCE

Mohsen Azadbakht, Ali Kiapey, Ali Jafari - “Design and Fabrication of a tractor powered leaves
collector equipped with suction blower system” - September, 2014 AgricEngInt: CIGR Journal Open
access at http://www.cigrjournal.org Vol. 16, No.3.

M. Ranjith Kumar, N. Kapilan- “Design and Analysis of Manually Operated Floor Cleaning Machine” -
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 IJERT
IS040912 [www.ijert.org] Vol. 4 Issue 04, April-2015.

Sandeep. J. Meshram, Dr. G.D. Mehta - “Design and Development of Tricycle Operated Street Cleaning
Machine” - Journal of Information, Knowledge And Research In Mechanical Engineering ISSN 0975 –
668X| Nov 15 To Oct 16 | Volume– 04, Issue- 01.

Liu, Kuotsan, Wang Chulun – “A Technical Analysis of Autonomous Floor Cleaning Robots Based on
US Granted Patents” – European International Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 2 No. 7
September 2013, 199- 216.

Imaekhai Lawrence – “Evaluating Single Disc Floor Cleaners” – An Engineering Evaluation, Innovative
Systems Design and Engineering, Vol 3, No 4, 2012, 41-44.

Abhishek Chakraborty, Ashutosh Bansal – “Design of Dust Collector for Rear Wheel of Four-Wheeler”
- International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, Volume 3, Issue 7, July
2013, 199- 216.

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