10th Lesson Plan Quadratic Equations
10th Lesson Plan Quadratic Equations
(QUADRATIC EQUATIONS)
Class: 10 Subject: Mathematics Name of the teacher: J. Visveswara Rao PGT Maths
NATURE OF ROOTS
𝐷 = 𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑐
PROCEDURE: Start the session by checking their previous knowledge, by asking the questions of quadratic polynomials, its general
equation, its degree and zeroes. After this explain the topic to the students.
1. Introduction, Explanation and definition of quadratic equations.
2. Explain the difference between the quadratic equations and quadratic polynomials.
3. Explain the relationship between the roots and coefficients of Q.E. also explain
4. The method of finding the Q.E. from the roots.
5. Explain the method of finding the roots by factor method.
6. Explain the formula of discriminant and then discuss the nature of roots.
7. Explain the method of solving the quadratics equation by using quadratic formula.
8. Application of different methods for the solution of word problems.
Experience and Reflection (Task/question that helps students explore the concept and connect with their life)
Students find solutions of quadratic equations.
They can give examples of quadratic functions from real life situations.
They connect quadratic equations to other branch of mathematics.
They can judge nature of roots by using Discriminant of the quadratic equation.
Explicit Teaching/Teacher Group Work (We Do) Independent Work Notes
Modelling (I Do) (You Do)
Introduction: 1.A charity trust decides to Explain how to make a quadratic Convert the following
build a prayer hall having a carpet area of 300 equation by given situations. By situation into quadratic
square meters with its length one meter more taking different real-life situation equations.
than twice its breadth. What should be the length explain how to convert a given 1. The area of a rectangular
and breadth of the hall? situation into quadratic equation plot is 528 m2. The length of
the plot (in metres) is one
2.Rani has a square metal sheet. She removed more than twice its breadth.
squares of side 9 cm. from each corner of this We need to find the length and
sheet. Of the remaining sheet, she turned up the breadth of the plot.
sides to form an open box as shown. The capacity 2. A train travels a distance of
of the box is 144 cc. Can we find out the 480 km at a uniform speed. If
dimensions of the metal sheet? the speed had been 8 km/h
less, then it would have taken
3 hours more to cover the
same distance. We need to
find the speed of the train.
Definition: A quadratic equation in the variable Explain and discuss with the students Solve exercise 5.1 problems
2
x is an equation of the form ax + bx + c = 0, About the definition of quadratic
where a, b, c are real numbers, a ≠ 0 equation. And ask them to give
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 is called quadratic function. examples.
Example-2. Check whether the following are And also explain how to Represent
quadratic equations. the given situations in the form of
Verify the given equations are quadratic or not quadratic equation.
(𝑥 − 2) + 1 = 2𝑥 − 3
ii. x (x + 1) + 8 = (x + 2) (x – 2)
Examples of quadratic
functions
SOLUTION OF A QUADRATIC EQUATION BY FACTORISATION: Explain about the solution of a Solve “try this” Quadratic equations can be
a real number α is called a root of the quadratic quadratic equation. And also discuss Solve problems in exercise 5.2 applied to solve word problems
how to verify when a real number is a involving various situations.
equation ax2 + bx + c = 0.
solution of given quadratic equation. (Take the help of teacher To solve problems leading to
if ax2 + bx + c = 0. We also say that x = α is a wherever required) quadratic equations, following
solution of the quadratic equation, or α satisfies steps may be used:
By taking an example and explain 1. Represent the unknown
the quadratic equation. Note that the zeroes of how to find roots by using splitting quantity in the problem by a
the quadratic polynomial ax2 + bx + c and the the middle term i.e., factorization variable (letter).
roots of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 method. 2. Translate the problem into an
are the same. 2𝑥 − 5𝑥 − 3 equation involving this variable.
The middle term ‘–5x’ can be written 3. Solve the equation for the
Let us first split the middle term. Recall that if as ‘–2x – 3x’. variable.
ax2 + bx + c is a quadratic equation polynomial So, 4. Check the result by satisfying
then to split the middle term we have to find two the conditions of the original
2𝑥 − 5𝑥 − 3 = 2𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 3𝑥 − 3
numbers p and q such that problem.
=(2x-3) (x-1) 5. A root of the quadratic
p + q = b and p × q = a × c.
Roots are 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1 equation, which does not satisfy
the conditions of the problem,
must
be rejected.
SOLUTION OF A QUADRATIC EQUATION BY Explain the process to find solution of Do this page No.113
COMPLETING THE SQUARE: a quadratic equation by completing Solve exercise 5.3 problems.
we now introduce the method of completing the the square
square. The idea behind this method is to adjust
the left side of the quadratic equation so that it Algorithm: Let the quadratic equation
becomes a perfect square. by ax2 + bx + c = 0
Step-1: Divide each side by ‘a’
Explain examples 7 & 8
Step-2: Rearrange the equation so
that constant term c/a is on the right
side. (RHS)
Step-3: Add
to both sides to make LHS, a perfect
square.
Step-4 : Write the LHS as a square
and simplify the RHS.
Step-5 : Solve it.
Discuss and find solutions of example
7&8
Quadratic formula:
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 = −𝑐 Explain how to deduct quadratic
formula by using method of Solve exercise 5.3 problems
𝑏 𝑐
𝑥 + 𝑥=− completing the square.
𝑎 𝑎
𝑥 +2 𝑥+ =− + = −𝑏 ± √𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑐
−𝑏 ± √𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑐 𝑥=
𝑥= 2𝑎
𝑏 𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑐 2𝑎
𝑥+ = Discuss and Solve example problems
2𝑎 4𝑎
𝑏 𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥+ =± 8,9,10,11 &12.
2𝑎 4𝑎
−𝑏 ± √𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎
Nature of roots
𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑐 determines whether the quadratic Explain Discriminant of a quadratic Solve Try this page No.122
equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 has real roots equation. based on discriminant
discuss about nature of roots.
or not, b2 – 4ac is called the discriminant of the
quadratic equation.
So, a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 has Solve exercise 5.4 problems
i. two distinct real roots, if 𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑐 > 0, Explain examples 14, 15 and 16.
ii. two equal real roots, if 𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑐 = 0,
iii. no real roots, if 𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑐 < 0.
Check For Understanding Questions
1. Factual:
1.Are x = 0, x = 1 the solution of the equation 𝑥 + x + 1 = 0?
2. Find the roots of the quadratic equation 3𝑥 – 2 √6x + 2 = 0.
3. Find the value of k such that the quadratic equation x (x – 2 k) + 6 = 0 has real and equal roots.
4. Find two consecutive positive integers, the sum of whose squares is 365.
5. A train travels 360 km at a uniform speed. If the speed had been 5 km/h more, it would have taken 1 hour less for the same journey. Find the
speed of the train.
1. Open Ended / Critical Thinking:
1. If a polygon of ‘n’ sides has 𝑛(𝑛 − 3) diagonals. How many sides will a polygon having 65 diagonals? Is there a polygon with 50 diagonals?
2. Is it possible to design a rectangular mango grove whose length is twice its breadth and the area is 800 sq.m? If so, find its length and breadth.
3. The hypotenuse of a right triangle is 3√5 cm. If the smaller side is tripled and the larger side is doubled, the new hypotenuse will be 15 cm. Find the length of
each side.
4. The sum of the ages of two friends is 20 years. Four years ago, the product of their ages in years was 48. Is the situation possible? If so,
determine their present ages.
5. Solve log (2x-1) =log(4x-3)-log(x)
Student Practice Questions &Activities (Exercises from workbook / textbooks/ blackboard)
1. Find a quadratic equation whose roots are 3 and -1.
2. Check whether the following are quadratic equations or not. 𝑥 − 4𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1 = (𝑥 − 2)
3. Represent the following situation in the form of quadratic equation.
The product of two consecutive positive integers is 306. We need to find the integers.
4. 2𝑥 + 𝑥 − 6 = 0 solve by using method of completing the square.
5. Some students planned a picnic. The budget for food was Rs 480. But 8 of them failed to go, the cost of food for each member increased by Rs 10. How many
students attended the picnic?
Activity: Take a real-life situation: At a party, each member gives a gift to the rest. There were 132 gifts given at the party. Find the
number of members. Represent above situation in quadratic equation. And then find the solutions in the following methods.
1. By factorization
2. Method of the completing the square
3. Quadratic formula
4. By graphical method
Write your comments
assessment (Think of what children SAY, DO and MAKE while learning that can form the evidence of learning to be used for assessment).
1. Find two numbers whose sum is 27 and product is 182.
3. Find the roots of the equation 5𝑥 – 6x – 2 = 0 by the method of completing the square.
4. The altitude of a right triangle 7cm less than the base. If the Hypotenuse is 13cm find the other two sides.
5. Write three quadratic equations which are having i) two distinct roots ii) equal roots iii) no real roots
SIGNATURE OF THE TEACHER VISITING OFFICER WITH REMARKS SIGNATURE OF THE HEAD MASTER