COMPUTER SYSTEMS

SERVICING NC II
TERMS
Created By: Juanito O. Castañeda Jr.
COMPUTER
- is a machine that accepts data as input, process using programs, and outputs the
processed DATA as INFORMATION.
COMPUTER SYSTEM
- is a set of integrated devices that input, output, process, and store data and
information.
HARDWARE
- refers to the physical elements or a tangible part of a computer.
SOFTWARE
- the programs and other operating information used by a computer.
SYSTEM UNIT
- the part of A computer that houses the primary devices that perform operations and
produce results for complex calculations. It includes the motherboard, CPU, RAM and
other components, as well as the case in which these devices are housed.
MOUSE
- is a hand-held device that transmits your commands to the computer by controlling
the movement of the cursor/pointer on the computer screen. • As you move the mouse,
the pointer on the screen moves in the same direction.
 KEYBOARD KEYS
Function Keys Alpha Numeric Keys Special Keys

Navigation Keys Numeric Keys

KEYBOARD
- It is use for typing text including letters, words, symbols and numbers into your
computer.
MONITOR
- is an output device that displays information in pictorial form.
PRINTER
- A machine used to transfer text or images to paper, or a person or company whose
job it is to produce text or images on paper.
SCANNER
- A device usually connected to a computer. Its main function is to scan or take a
picture of the document, digitize the information and present it on the computer
screen.
HEADSET
- is a hardware device that connects to a telephone or computer, allowing
the user to talk and listen while keeping their hands free.
SPEAKER
- The one who delivers a speech or a device that makes sounds louder.
WEB CAMERA
- is a video camera that feeds or streams an image or video in real time to or through a
computer to a computer network, such as the Internet.
PROJECTOR
- is an optical device that projects an image (or moving images) onto a surface,
commonly a projection screen.
POWER CORD
- is an electrical cable that temporarily connects an appliance to the mains
electricity supply via a wall socket or extension cord.
Video Graphic Array (VGA) CABLE

- is a standard connector used for computer video output.

High Definition Multi-media Interface
(HDMI) CABLE
- is a trademark and brand name for a digital interface used to transmit audio and
video data in a single cable.
 CAT6
CAT5E

Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP) CABLE

- is a ubiquitous type of copper cabling used in telephone wiring and local area
networks (LANs).
 SATA PATA/IDE

HARD DISK DRIVE (HDD)

- is the hardware component that stores all of your digital content. Your documents, pictures,
music, videos, programs, application preferences, and operating system represent digital
content stored on a hard drive.
SOLID STATE DRIVE (SDD)

- is a type of mass storage device similar to a hard disk drive (HDD).

COMPACT DISK (CD ROM)
- Is a pre-pressed optical compact disc that contains data. Computers can
read—but not write to or erase—CD-ROMs.
DVD ROM
- are widely used to distribute large software applications that exceed the capacity
of a CD-ROM disc.
FLOPPY DISK
- is a type of disk storage composed of a thin and flexible disk of a magnetic storage
medium in a square or nearly square plastic enclosure lined with a fabric that removes dust
particles from the spinning disk.
FLASH DRIVE
- is a data storage device that includes flash memory with an integrated USB
interface. It is typically removable, rewritable and much smaller than an optical disc.
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)
- is the internal memory of the CPU for storing data, program, and program result. It is
a read/write memory which stores data until the machine is working.
READ ONLY MEMORY (ROM)
- is read-only, it cannot be changed; it is permanent and non-volatile, meaning it
also holds its memory even when power is removed.
POWER SUPPLY UNIT (PSU)
- converts AC to low-voltage regulated DC power for the internal components of a
computer.
UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY (UPS)
- is typically used to protect hardware such as computers, data centers,
telecommunication equipment or other electrical equipment where an
unexpected power disruption could cause injuries, fatalities, serious business
disruption or data loss.
AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR (AVR)
- is an electronic device that maintains a constant voltage level to electrical equipment
on the same load.
SERIAL ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY ATTACHMENT (SATA) CABLE
- is a standard for connecting and transferring data from hard disk drives
(HDDs) to computer systems.
INTEGRATED DRIVE ELECTRONICS (IDE) CABLE
- is a standard type of connection for storage devices in a computer.
Generally, IDE refers to the types of cables and ports used to connect some hard drives
and optical drives to each other and to the motherboard.
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)
- is the brain or heart of a computer.
ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT (ALU)
- is a combinational digital circuit that performs arithmetic and bitwise
operations on integer binary numbers.
CONTROL UNIT
- is a component of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that directs the
operation of the processor. It tells the computer's memory, arithmetic and
logic unit and input and output devices how to respond to the instructions that have
been sent to the processor.
MOTHERBOARD
- is the main circuit board of your computer and is also known as the mainboard
or logic board.
Basic Input-Output System (BIOS)
- is the program a computer's microprocessor uses to start the computer
system after it is powered on.
 Complementary Metal Oxide Semi-Conductor
(CMOS)
- It is a technology used to produce integrated circuits. Used to update the time and date of the computer
Accelerated Graphic Port (AGP)
- An earlier hardware interface from Intel for connecting a graphics card (display
adapter) to a PC.
Peripheral Components Interconnect (PCI)
- It was used to add expansion cards such as extra serial or USB ports, network interfaces,
sound cards, modems, disk controllers, or video cards.
Peripheral Components Interconnect Express (PCIe)
- officially abbreviated as PCIe or PCI-e, is a high-speed serial computer expansion bus
standard, designed to replace the older PCI, PCI-X and AGP bus standards.
NORTH BRIDGE CHIPSET
- is one of the two chips in the core logic chipset architecture on a
PC motherboard, the other being the Southbridge.
SOUTH BRIDGE CHIPSET
- is the chip that controls all of the computers I/O functions, such as USB, audio, serial,
the system BIOS, the ISA bus, the interrupt controller and the IDE channels.
FRONT PANEL CONNECTORS
- is where the connectors of hard disk drive activity lights, case speaker, reset
button, power on/off button, computer power on light, and key lock, are connected
to make them function smoothly.
Personal System Two (PS-2)
- is a 6-pin mini-DIN connector used for connecting keyboards and mice to a PC
compatible computer system.
PARALLEL PORT

- are used in connecting printers, hard-drives, CD-drives etc.

SERIAL PORT
- are widely used by sensors for data acquisition, and they were standard on early
computers for connecting a modem, mouse and other peripherals.
Universal Serial Bus (USB) PORT
- an external serial bus interface standard for connecting peripheral devices to a
computer, as in a USB port or USB cable
Local Area Network (LAN) PORT
- is also known as an Ethernet port. Both terms refer to exactly the same socket on
computers, servers, modems, Wi-Fi routers, switches or other network devices.
 Line Out Line In Microphone
SOUND PORT
- The pink port is normally the microphone input, and is usually mono but might be stereo.
The light blue port is normally the line input port and is usually stereo. The green port is
normally the headphone output port, also usually stereo.
VIDEO CARD
- Is (also called a graphics card, display card, graphics adapter,
or display adapter) is an expansion card which generates a feed of output
images to a display device (such as a computer monitor).
SOUND CARD
- is an internal expansion card that provides input and output of audio signals to and
from a computer under control of computer programs.
LAN CARD
- is a 'door' to the network from a computer.
MODEM
- is a single device that combines the functionality of a modem and a router, making it a
one-stop shop for Internet connectivity.
 24 Ports 8 Ports

SWITCH HUB
- To expands the number of nodes inside a certain network.
PATCH PANEL
- bundle multiple network ports together to connect incoming and outgoing lines —
including those for local area networks, electronics, electrical systems and
communications.
Registered Jack (RJ-45)
- An 8 Position/8 Contact connector, called an 8P8C, is a modular connector for
telecommunication cables. It is also informally referred to as an RJ45
LAN TESTER
- cover the fields of installation and network control. These LAN tester can be used in the
workplace and are ideal for technical service professionals and network administrators.
These LAN testers can determine IP addresses, identify polarity, connected port and link
connectivity.
CRIMPING TOOL
- are tools used to make cold weld joints between two wires or a wire and a
connector, such as lugs. Ideally, the electrical and mechanical properties of the weld
joint are as strong as the parent materials.
PUNCH DOWN TOOL
- also called a krone tool, is a hand tool used to connect telecommunications and
network wires to a patch panel, punch down block, keystone module, or surface
mount box. The "punch down" part of the name comes from punching a wire into
place using an impact action.
ANTI-STATIC WRISTR STRAP
- is an antistatic device used to safely ground a person working on very sensitive
electronic equipment, to prevent the buildup of static electricity on their body,
which can result in ESD.
SOLDERING IRON
- is a hand tool used in soldering. It supplies heat to melt solder so that it can flow
into the joint between two work pieces. Electric soldering iron.
NETWORK BAY RACK

- It holds the patch panel and hub switches.

LAPTOP
- (also laptop computer), is a small, portable personal computer (PC) with a
"clamshell" form factor, typically having a thin LCD or LED computer screen mounted
on the inside of the upper lid of the clamshell and an alphanumeric keyboard on the
inside of the lower lid.
FORMATTING
- is the process of preparing a data storage device such as a hard disk drive,
solid-state drive, floppy disk or USB flash drive for initial use.
PARTITIONING
- allows your system to run as if it were actually multiple independent
systems – even though it's all on the same hardware.
FILE SYSTEM
- is a process that manages how and where data on a storage disk, typically a
hard disk drive (HDD), is stored, accessed and managed.
New Technology File System (NTFS)

- is the file system that the Windows NT operating system uses for
storing and retrieving files on a hard disk.
File Allocation Table (FAT)
- is a file system developed for personal computers. Originally developed in 1977
for use on floppy disks, it was adapted for use on hard disks and other devices.
Operating System (OS)
- is system software that manages computer hardware, software resources,
and provides common services for computer programs.
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
- is a program or group of programs designed for end-users.
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
- usually refers to high-level languages, such as BASIC, C, C++, COBOL, Java,
FORTRAN, Ada, and Pascal.
DUAL BOOT
- The process is known as dual-booting, and it allows users to switch between operating
systems depending on the tasks and programs they're working with.
DISK CLONING
- is the process of creating a 1-to-1 copy of a hard disk drive (HDD) or
solid-state drive (SSD), not just its files.
NETWORK
- is a collection of computers, servers, mainframes, network devices,
peripherals, or other devices connected to one another to allow the sharing
of data.
IP ADDRESS
- stands for internet protocol address; it is an identifying number that is associated with a
specific computer or computer network.
SUBNET MASK
- is a 32-bit number created by setting host bits to all 0s and setting network bits to all
1s. In this way, the subnet mask separates the IP address into the network and host
addresses.
DEFAULT GATEWAY
- is the node in a computer network using the internet protocol suite that serves as
the forwarding host (router) to other networks when no other route specification
matches the destination IP address of a packet.
Domain Name System (DNS)
- is the phonebook of the Internet. Humans access information online through
domain names, like nytimes.com or espn.com.
Active Directory Domain Services (ADDS)
- are the core functions in Active Directory that manage users and computers and
allow system admin to organize the data into logical hierarchies.
DOMAIN
- is a particular field of thought, activity, or interest, especially one over which
someone has control, influence, or rights.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
- is a network management protocol used on Internet Protocol (IP) networks,
whereby a DHCP server dynamically assigns an IP address and other
network configuration parameters to each device on the network, so they can
communicate with other IP networks.
QUOTA MANAGEMENT
- is a limit set by a system administrator that restricts certain aspects of file system
usage on modern operating systems. The function of using disk quotas is to allocate
limited disk space in a reasonable way.
EXTENDER/REPEATER
- is used to extend the coverage area of your WiFi network. It works by receiving
your existing WiFi signal, amplifying it and then transmitting the boosted signal.
Service Set Identifier (SSID)
- is a sequence of characters that uniquely names a wireless local area network (WLAN).
An SSID is sometimes referred to as a "network name."
Wireless Access Point (WAP)

- a wireless access point, or more generally just access point, is a networking

hardware device that allows other Wi-Fi devices to connect to a wired network.
IPCONFIG
- Displays all current TCP/IP network configuration values and refreshes
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and Domain Name System (DNS)
settings.
PING
-is a computer network administration software utility used to test the reachability of a
host on an Internet Protocol network.
NET VIEW
- is used to show a list of computers and network devices on the network.
GPUPDATE / FORCE
- if you want to update only the policies that have been changed. If you want to update
all policies - instead of the previous command, type gpupdate /force and press Enter.
The /force switch will force the Group Policy update.
DCPROMO.EXE

- is a tool in Active Directory that installs and removes Active Directory Domain Services
and promotes domain controllers.
SYSTEM BACK UP
- is the process of backing up the operating system, files and system-
specific useful/essential data.
SYSTEM RESTORE
- a built-in Windows utility application that lets you “restore” your Windows installation
and important system files to a previous state using Restore Points.
DEFRAGMENTATION
- is a process that reduces the degree of fragmentation.
Computer VIRUS

- is a type of computer program that, when executed, replicates itself by

modifying other computer programs and inserting its own code.
ANTI-VIRUS
- is a kind of software used to prevent, scan, detect and delete viruses from a computer.
5’S
- stands for the 5 steps of this methodology: Sort, Sweep Systematized,
Standardized, Self- discipline.
Electro Static Discharge (ESD)
- is the sudden flow of electricity between two electrically charged
objects caused by contact, an electrical short, or dielectric
breakdown.
Command Prompt (CMD)
- is officially called Windows Command Processor, but it's also sometimes referred to
as the command shell or cmd prompt, or even by its filename, cmd.exe.
WIFI
- is a wireless networking technology that allows devices such as computers (laptops and
desktops), mobile devices (smart phones and wearables), and other equipment (printers and
video cameras) to interface with the Internet.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
- Is a protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other garments or equipment
designed to protect the wearer's body from injury or infection.
DISK CLEAN UP

- is a computer maintenance utility included in Microsoft Windows designed to free

up disk space on a computer's hard drive.