A

PROJECT REPORT
Scrap collection vehicle

Submitted for the partial

fulfillment for the award of
degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
2019-2020

Under the Guidance of: Submitted by:

Department of Mechanical Engineering

KALI CHARAN NIGAM INSTITUTE OFTECHNOLOGY, BANDA
Affiliatedto
Dr. A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
(Formerly Uttar Pradesh Technical university)
LUCKNOW JUNE 2019-2020
 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the Project work is being presented in this report entitle “Hybrid solar -
wind energy submitted by Chandrakant Dwivedi (505), Akash Kumar Srivastava
(503),Shivam Yadav (525) ,Md. Saquib Jamali (533) and Rohit Kumar (523) in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical
Engineering at MIMIT, Malout is an authentic work carried out under the Supervision of Mr.
Amrinder Singh Mechanical Engineering Department, MIMIT. The content present in this
report has not been submitted to any other University/Instituted for award of any B.Tech
Degree.
This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is best of our knowledge.

Chandrakant Dwivedi (505)

(503) Akash Kumar Srivastava
(Signature of Supervisor) Shivam Yadav(525)
Md. Saquib Jamali(533)
Rohit Kumar(523)
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Project report entitled,“" which is submitted to Mr. XYZ Singh By
Chandrakant Dwivedi (505), Akash Kumar Srivastava (503), Shivam Yadav (525), MD.
Saquib Jamali (533) and Rohit Kumar (523) inpartial fulfillment of requirements for the
award of Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering at MIMIT, Malout is an
authentic work carried out under the supervision and guidance of faculty of Mechanical
Engineering Department. To the best of my knowledge, the matter contained in this Project
work has not been submitted to any other University/Instituted for the award of any Degree
or Diploma.

Dr. Rajesh Choudhary

Date: 24-12-2020 Associate Professor
Co-
ordinator
Mechanical Engineering Dept.
XYZ Institute,
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to our project work supervisor Mr.
Amrinder Singh , Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering for providing precious
guidance, inspiring discussions and constant supervision throughout the course of this work.
His timely help, constructive criticism, and conscientious efforts made it possible to present
the work contained in this thesis.
We are also grateful to our Department Coordinator Dr. Rajesh Choudhary, Associate
Professor for their unfailing inspiration, whole-hearted cooperation and painstaking
supervision, through discussions, criticism and suggestions given by him during the entire
period of this wor

Chandrakant Dwivedi (505)

Akash Kumar Srivastava (503)
(Signature of Supervisor) Shivam Yadav(525)
Md. Saquib Jamali(533)
Rohit Kumar(523)
 ABSTRACT

Cropping is important activity for any farmer and for large scale this activity is so lengthy also
it needs more workers. Inmanual method of seed planting, we get results such as low seed
placement, less spacing efficiencies and serious back ache for thefarmer. Hence, for achieving
best performance from a seed planter, need to make proper design of the agriculture machine
and alsoselection of the components is also required on the machine to suit the needs of crops.
The main objective of sowing operation is to place seed at proper position respective of other
placed seeds in every row at particular depth. As per change in shape and size ofdifferent seeds
the parameters like distance between two seed, depth of seed, planting rate chances. . This paper
is attempt to producehighly efficient seed sowing machine which will reduce time of plantation,
cost of labour, and enhances production
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

DECLARATION 2

CERTIFICATE 3

ACKNOWLEDGMENT 4

ABSTRACT 5
TABLE OF CONTENT 6-7

LIST OF FIGURES 8

LIST OF TABLES 9

1. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 10

1. INTRODUCTION 10
2. OBJECTIVE. 11
3. PICTURE OF PROJECT 12-14

4. WHY IT IS IMPORTANT TO DEVELOP THIS PROJECT

5. PROBLEM STATEMENT 15
6. CONSTRAINTS 15
7. SCOPE OF THE PROJECT 16
8. WORKING PRINCIPLE 16
9. PROJECT PLANNING 16-17

2. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY 18

2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW 18

3. CHAPTER 3: EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDUREAND SETUP 19

MAIN COMPONENT OFTHE PROJECT 18
 3.1.DC Generator
1. Solar panel 31
2. Dynamo 32
3. Conveyer belt
4. Electrical Cable 36
5. D.C battery.
6. Wind Turbines
7. Calculation
2. FABRICATIONPROCESS 37
1. Assembling of all parts

4. CHAPTER 4: COST OF PROJECTAND CONCLUSION 43

1. COST OFPROJECT 44
2. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGESOFPROJECT 44
1. Advantages 44
2. Disadvantages 45

3. CONCLUSION 45
4. SCOPE FOR FURTHER IMPROVEMENTINPROJECT 46

5. REFERENCES 47

LIST OF FIGURES

S.NO. FIGURE PAGE NO

01. Design of project 12

02. Component of project 13

03. DC generator 22

04. Solar panel 23

05. Dynamo 23

0 6. Conveyor Belt 26

0 7. Dc battery 27

08. LED Bulb 28

09. Shaft 25

10 Electrical cable 30

11. Shaft 31

12. Ball bearing 32

13. Drilling process 40

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1 COST OF PROJECT 39

 CHAPTER1
INTRODUCTION

1. Introduction:-

Scrap collecting vehicle is to collect the different types of the scrap from the industries and as
similar to the refuse collector for the garbage collector or the collection of scrap. The scrap bins
are the principal object for the simple operation, efficient in operation, economic to
environment and easy to operate. Collection Vehicle means any vehicle, truck, container, box,
trailer, roll-off, or other device used for the collection, transportation or delivery of solid waste
or recyclable materials. The problem of loading and unloading by manually is solved and the
faster transportation of the scrap is been possible by using this vehicle. For the solution of
problems, we are trying to make the scrap collecting vehicle which can be handled by a single
operator of the vehicle and mechanism. And for the maximum work output the men work is
reduced and time problem is solved.A scrap collecting vehicle, has a bucket drive mechanism.
The vehicle has a scrap container that has a bin and a movable bucket for receiving scrap. The
movable bucket is driven upwardly in friction contact with a side of the bin by the given
mechanism. This mechanism further causes the bucket to rotate about a point for delivering
scrap from the bucket into the bin. A rotatable paddle may be given for sweeping the scrap from
the bucket and thus for dumping the scrap inside the bin. Such mechanism may include inclined
actuators which are connected to chain rollers that run over track to raise the bucket until the
chain collars reach a disposed rocker shaft that acts as a joint for pivoting the bucket.

This scrap collecting trolley can be operated with the help of remote control. So
it will be a wire-free as well as worker free system. By considering the floral area
of industry initially we will try to cover the 8000 m 2 area under the remote-
controlled area. This range is flexible and can be changed according to the floral
area of industry.

The upper cage also is interchangeable as the different industries having a

different kind of products like solid, semisolid, liquid, etc. by interchanging the
upper cage attachment we can allow the operator to use the trolley according to his
own requirements.
This is a futuristic working model which will be accepted by every industry as we
are providing a flexible set up for their industry.

We will replace the tool post by worm and worm wheel for radius turning. On the worm wheel
it has a slot for clamping of single point cutting tool. Worm is rotate by the motor which is
fixed at the end of shaft for auto feed purpose. So we can achieve highly precise products.
The machine is fitted with an FM remote control system, a motor driving mechanism and a
battery. Power stored in the battery is used to drive the DC motor that allows the vehicle to
move. Current vehicles, pallet trucks, trolleys use petrol or diesel as fuel for running and we use
manpower to operate them. DC motors are an important machine in many control systems, such
as domestic electrical systems, vehicles, trains and process control, and it is well recognized
that the mathematical model is key to the design of the control system. [1] An effort is made to
co-relate the bending stresses and displacement of the spur gear tooth obtained analytically as
well as by FEM. Recent advances in the field of mechanical engineering are requiring improved
gear teeth in terms of loading power and the speed at which they can work. Static and dynamic
study of the spur gear tooth helps to assess the maximum displacement, the maximum induced
stress and the impact of time-related stress variation. The loading capacity and operating speed
of the geared system can be achieved by reducing the maximum induced stress. [2] Lead
batteries are well known for both automotive and industrial applications and have been widely
used for energy storage. Lead batteries are capable of long life cycles and calendar lives and
have been designed in recent years to have a much longer life cycle compared to 20 years ago
in scenarios where the battery is not regularly returned to a fully charged condition [3]. The
general characteristics of the lead-acid batteries with two charging methods are utilized. The
power source allows the amount of the battery voltage and the energy of the battery to be set.
Intelligent Power Source uses a joint method and warning that indicates various circumstances
in the charging process. Another type of charging discussed in the paper is the use of a balanced
power source at a constant voltage

The machine is fitted with an FM remote control system, a

motor driving mechanism and a battery. Power stored in the
battery is used to drive the DC motor that allows the vehicle to
move. Current vehicles, pallet trucks, trolleys use petrol or diesel
as fuel for running and we use manpower to operate them. DC
motors are an important machine in many control systems, such
as domestic electrical systems, vehicles, trains and process
control, and it is well recognized that the mathematical model is
key to the design of the control system.
An effort is made to co-relate the bending stresses and
displacement of the spur gear tooth obtained analytically as well
as by FEM. Recent advances in the field of mechanical
engineering are requiring improved gear teeth in terms of
loading power and the speed at which they can work. Static and
dynamic study of the spur gear tooth helps to assess the
maximum displacement, the maximum induced stress and the
impact of time-related stress variation. The loading capacity and
operating speed of the geared system can be achieved by
reducing the maximum induced stress.
Lead batteries are well known for both automotive and
industrial applications and have been widely used for energy
storage. Lead batteries are capable of long life cycles and
calendar lives and have been designed in recent years to have a
much longer life cycle compared to 20 years ago in scenarios
where the battery is not regularly returned to a fully charged
condition.
The general characteristics of the lead-acid batteries with two
charging methods are utilized. The power source allows the
amount of the battery voltage and the energy of the battery to
be set. Intelligent Power Source uses a joint method and
warning that indicates various circumstances in the charging
process. Another type of charging discussed in the paper is the
use of a balanced power source at a constant voltage [4].
Battery charging is an element of the engineering technology in
which the rectified filtered output of the transformer is fed to
the battery to recover it to its fully charged state [5]. The battery
charger is used to concentrate energy in a secondary cell by
driving an electrical current through it [6]. An powerful battery
charger requires a charge controller whose main role is to keep
the batteries properly charged and secure for the long term and
prevent them from being discharged deeply [7].There are
several models for DC motors that reflect machine behavior with
good accuracy. The parameters of the model are also important,
however, since the mathematical model cannot provide correct
behavior without correct parameters in the model [8].
 These types of vehicles use a liter of fuel for an hour. To solve
this, we built a vehicle that is powered by a storage battery.
Power stored in the battery is used to drive the DC motor that
allows the vehicle to move [9]. The speed of the Dc motor
rotated by the microprocessor controller is the velocity of the
vehicle. The installed battery on the vehicle is easy to repair and
can be removed and used for battery charging when the car is
underneath the roof. The vehicle has an A.C blower that extracts
the vacuum force from the waste [10]. It is a time of
automation, when manual work in all degrees of automation is
typically called mechanical power replacement. Function
remains a key element of the device, while physical input needs
to be modified with increased levels of process.
The main objective is to minimize human work and complete
automation in that way, in order to increase the precision of the
work with the automatically controlled handle. And for
providing more space for full storage in the container. So that
can increase the overall efficiency of the vehicle. The main
objective is to improve the model, as per the requirement of the
companies. And then we are looking forward, to apply the
changes in the model. Develop it with the help of industries and
then making it more user-friendly.

WORKING PRINCIPLE
This system works on wireless circuits. A remote-controlled circuit that can
operate two motors which are installed at the rear wheels of the scrap
collecting system. These circuits have a range of 100 meters to 500 meters.
We have a large variety of circuits so we can choose one of them according to
the floral area of particular industry.

This system works on wireless circuits. A remote-controlled circuit that can operate
two motors which are installed at the rear wheels of the scrap collecting system. These
circuits have a range of 100 meters to 500 meters. We have a large variety of circuits so
we can choose one of them according to the floral area of particular industry.
Firstly robot starts and it can be moved forward, reverse, right and left according to our
Requirements and perform cleaning action. And we can turn on the scrap collecting
machine as Per the necessities. IR (Infrared) module have been used to transmit and
receive the signal to Operate the robot through remote. This robot can perform sweeping
and scrap collecting tasks. IR Modules have been used for wireless communication
between remote (manual mode) and robot And having range 20m.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

Our aim is to reduce the men work and fully automation in that particular manner. For
that the Automatically operated gripper arm is attached to the vehicle for more accuracy
in the work. And for the Management of the more space inside the container for the
maximum storage. So that can be increase the Overall efficiency of the vehicle. The
main objective is to improve the model, as per the requirement of the companies. And
then we are Looking forward, to apply the changes in the model. Develop it with the
help of industries and then Making it more user-friendly
COMPONENTS AND DESCRIPTION
The motor D.C is 12V (volt) and the motor D.C (watt), 90W (watt) and operates at 60rpm.
The battery used in this case is a 12V D.C and 40 A Hours output Acid-free Maintenance
Battery. The material used for the bearing is a steel of size 20×45×12 mm. The blower works
12V D.C and 90 watts at 6000 rpm volts. The unit is 50.5 x 50.5 x 12 mm and 21 gm in size and
weight. It uses IC at mega 644 PA piezo buzzer and 4, 8-6,0V input voltage. The Izod impact
value should be at least 4.1 kg/m, Brinell Hardness (HB) should be 229. The term 'mild steel' is
often used widely for carbon steels not protected by the standard requirements. The carbon
content of this steel may range from relatively low levels to approximately 0.3 per cent.
Commercial 'mild steel' can usually be considered to be easily welded able and to have fair cold
bending properties, but defining 'mild steel' is technically insufficient and should not be used as
a concept in engineering. Mild steel is the most widely used steel that is not brittle and cheap in
price. Mild steel is not easily polished or hardened, but possesses enough strength.

1. Frame

The frame made of a mild steel material. All pieces are placed on this frame structure with an
acceptable arrangement. Boring of bearing sizes and open bores was performed in one sitting
so that the bearings would be correctly balanced when assembling. Provisions shall be made
to coat the bearings with grease.

2. Bearing
The bearings are pressed easily to fit into the shafts, as cracks may form as the bearing is
hammered. The bearing is made of steel and the bearing cap is of mild steel. Ball and roller
bearings are commonly used in equipment and devices to reduce friction and power loss. This
technology has only been brought to its present state of maturity after a long time of research
and development. The advantages of such advanced study can be extracted where a generic
bearing of the appropriate size and form can be used. Such bearings cannot, nevertheless, be
used indiscriminately without close analysis of loads and working conditions. In addition, it
must be carrying
 3. Battery
In science and technology, the battery is a device that stores chemical energy and makes it
usable in an electrical form. It consists of one or more voltaic cells, each of which consists of
two half cells bound in series by conductive electrolyte. Batteries seem to be the only
technically and economically available storage means. Since both the photo-voltaic system
and batteries are high in capital costs. Where high values of load current are necessary, the
lead-acid cell is the type most commonly used. The electrolyte is a dilute solution of sulfuric
acid (H2SO4). In the application of battery power to start the engine in an automobile, for
example, the load current to the starter the motor is typically 200 to 400A. One cell has a
nominal output of 2.1V, but lead-acid cells are often used in a series combination of three for
a 6-V battery and six for a 12-V battery. The lead-acid cell type is a secondary cell or storage
cell, which can be recharged. The charge and discharge cycle can be repeated many times to
restore the output voltage, as long as the cell is in good physical condition. However, heat
with excessive charge and discharge currents shortens the useful life to about 3 to 5 years for
an automobile battery.

4. DC motor
An electric motor is a mechanism that transforms electrical energy to mechanical energy. Its
function is based on the principle that when a current-carrying conductor is put in a magnetic
field, it encounters a magnetic force whose orientation is determined by Fleming's left-hand
law. When a motor is in operation, it increases the torque. This torque could generate a
mechanical rotation. DC motors are also generators known as shunt-wound or series wound or
composite wound motors.

5. Control Unit
The Electronic Control Unit is the generic term used in automotive electronics for any
embedded system operating one or more of a motor vehicle's electric systems or subsystems.
Types of ECU include Electronic/Engine Control Module (ECM), Power train Control
Module (PCM), Transmission Control Module (TCM), Brake Control Module (BCM or
EBCM), Central Control Module (CCM), Central Timing Module (CTM), General Electronic
Module (GEM), Body Control Module (BCM), Suspension Control Module (SCM), control
unit, or control module Taken together, these devices are often referred to as the car computer.
Technically, there are no single computers, but numerous ones. Often a single assembly
contains multiple control modules. Some new motor vehicles have a capacity of ECU 80.
Embedded software in ECUs continues to increase line count, complexity and sophistication.

6. Blower
A centrifugal blower that works at a speed of 600 rpm is the blower used here. We can get a
12 V DC output from the blower. It has a capability of 90 W.

7. Gear Drive Wheel

Four wheels are used; two are made of nylon with a diameter of 100 mm. And the other two
are made of rubber with a diameter of 147 mm. Nylon wheels are front wheels, and the other
two are known as rear wheels. The gear wheel is used to drive the rotor of the automated
scrap collecting vehicle.
2. Objective:-
Main purpose of this vehicle is to increase the efficiency. Scrap collecting vehicle with side
attachment. Operator driving the vehicle and also give the direction to the mechanism for
loading and unloading . Made ease of a work by attached of side attachment which is made for
the loading and unloading of the scrap.Scrap collecting vehicle is to collect the different types
of the scrap from the industries and as similar to the refuse collector for the garbage collector or
the collection of scrap. The scrap bins are the principal object for the simple operation, efficient
in operation, economic to environment and easy to operate.

3. Project Design

These are pictures of Project design which is designed in the workshop .

Why it is important to built it:

We can redesign these scrap collecting vehicle for the different kinds of attachment. Like
separate compartment for the different scrap for example plastic, metal, aluminum. We can
also use the hydraulic mechanism for the compacting of scrap inside the bin. We can use the
heavy duty hydraulic system for the reduction of the fuel consumption in operation of
mechanism.
1.7 Working Construction:-

Our aim is to reduce the men work and fully automation in that particular manner. for that the
automatically operated gripper arm is attached to the vehicle for more accuracy in the work.
And for the management of the more space inside the container for the maximum storage. So
that can be increase the overall efficiency of the vehicle.The main objective is to improve the
model, as per the requirement of the companies. And then we are looking forward, to apply the
changes in the model. Develop it with the help of industries and then making it more user-
friendly.It can be used in large scale industries for removal of scrap from the industry. It can
also be used as the door to door scrap collecting vehicle or aspecial zone at where only
industries available like, industrial estate
 4. Project planning

Niir Project Consultancy Services (NPCS) through its network of project consultants in a wide
range of business and technological disciplines is engaged in providing services to its clients by
way of preparation of project reports. We provide the pre-investment information and business
plans required for promoters, business leaders, young entrepreneurs, women entrepreneurs,
investors, NRI (Non Resident India), startups, professionals looking to start their own venture.
The comprehensive project profile reports cover all the aspects of business, from analyzing the
market, confirming availability of various necessities such as plant & machinery, raw materials
to forecasting the financial requirements. the scope of the report includes assessing market
potential, negotiating with collaborators, investment decision making, corporate diversification
planning etc. in a very planned manner by formulating detailed manufacturing techniques and
forecasting financial aspects by estimating the cost of raw material, formulating the cash flow
statement, projecting the balance sheet, break-even point, rate of return (ROR), etc. the DPR is
formulated by highly accomplished and experienced consultants and the market research and
analysis are supported by a panel of experts and digitized data bank
 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVVEY

2.1 Literature Review:-

The problem of loading and unloading by manually is solved and the faster transportation of the
scrap is been possible by using this vehicle. For the solution of problems, we are trying to make
the scrap collecting vehicle which can be handled by a single operator of the vehicle and
mechanism. And for the maximum work output the men work is reduced and time problem is
solved. The last problem of the scrap collecting vehicle is about the mechanism used in that , it
can be able to lift the load and unload. A scrap collecting vehicle, has a bucket drive
mechanism. The vehicle has a scrap container that has a bin and a movable bucket for receiving
scrap. The movable bucket is driven upwardly in friction contact with a side of the bin by the
given mechanism. This mechanism further causes the bucket to rotate about a point for
delivering scrap from the bucket into the bin. A rotatable paddle may be given for sweeping the
scrap from the bucket and thus for dumping the scrap inside the bin. Such mechanism may
include inclined actuators which are connected to chain rollers that run over track to raise the
bucket until the
chain collars reach a disposed rocker shaft that acts as a joint for pivoting the bucket

1. Nikolai Romanov, Michael Dooley, Paolo Pirjanian ( 2017).

An automated cleaning framework incorporates a primary robot body and a majority of
cleaning gatherings for cleaning a surface. The crucial robot body houses a drive system to
cause improvement of the mechanical cleaner and a microcontroller to control the
advancement of the robotized all the more spotless. The cleaning gathering is found before the
drive framework and every one of the cleaning congregations is separable from the primary
robot body and every one of the cleaning gatherings has an extraordinary cleaning capacity.

2. Roger P. Vanderlinden (2000)

A refuse Suctioning and Separating gadget for use in a Surface cleaning vehicle has a
reusing type waste Suctioning System, including a junk Suction head, a rubbish tolerating
and holding holder, and an essential fan. A junk Separator's mounted on the Surface
cleaning vehicle and having an air narrow for getting rubbish stacked air into the debris
Separator, an air outlet for crippling Separated air from the refuse Separator.
3. Marcel Boschung (1989)
This cleaning vehicle can be utilized for snow leeway by opening a fold and shutting
another fold in an air-outlet pipe piece and by moving a working switch from a center
position into both of two end positions.

4. Gérard Milly, Claude D. Le (1989)

A vehicle for cleaning surfaces is furnished with a first tank for putting away cleaning
fluid; a gadget for showering fluid at a first weight and a first stream rate onto the surface
to be cleaned; a gadget for sucking the splashed fluid towards a second tank; and a gadget
for saturating the surface to be cleaned with fluid at a second weight and a second stream
rate. The second weight is lower than the principal weight and the second stream rate is
lower than the main stream rate. The showering and sucking gadgets are situated at the
back of the vehicle and the saturating gadget is situated at the front of the vehicle.

5. Rodney L. Woodworth (1972)

A street sweeper of the three wheel type having forward and back voyaging wheels is
adjusted for the moving of checks or dividers onto raised surfaces by the arrangement of
lifter wheels substantial versatile among raised and brought positions down to lift the
vehicle and its voyaging wheels for development onto furthermore, off the raised surface.

6. T. Harris ET AL (1954)
It is an apparatus for cleaning a road surface of oil, grease, and the like deposits these on,
coin prising a wheeled vehicle, a cradle having one end portion thrive of attached to said
Vehicle 2.É. the other end thereof adapted to engage a road Surface to be moved there
along as drawing by Said vehicle, a plurality of Sand blasting IROZZies ad justly
mounted on said Citadel to project there from at an angle to the road Surface to direct a
stream of abrasive
 CHAPTER 3
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND SETUP

1. Main Component of the Project

Here is the list of components which is used in Development and making of project :-
The GPS System
Catalytic Converters.
Battery.
Engine.
Stereo.
Airbags.
Doors, Windows, Mirrors and Electrical Parts

3.1. GPS System:-

The Global Positioning System, originally Navstar GPS, is a satellite-based radionavigation
system owned by the United States government and operated by the United States Space Force.

3.2. Battery :-
A battery is a device that stores chemical energy, and converts it to electricity. This is known as
electrochemistry and the system that underpins a battery is called an electrochemical cell. A
battery can be made up of one or several (like in Volta's original pile) electrochemical cells.

3.3. Catalytic Converters:-

In a genebank, seed storage is the preservation of seeds under controlled environmental
conditions which will prolong the viability of the seeds for long periods. Two types of seed
stores are used for collections of genetic resources, those holding base collections and those
holding active collections

3.4. Engine:-
a machine for converting any of various forms of energy into mechanical force and motion.
also : a mechanism or object that serves as an energy source. black holes may be the engines for
quasars. : a railroad locomotive:-

3.5. Stereo:-
recorded or broadcast using a system that sends the sound through two speakers.

3.6. Air bags:-

a bag that is inflated with air typically for use as a cushion or safety device. especially such a
bag installed in an automobile as a safety device designed to inflate automatically in case of
collision.

Fabrication. process

The fabrication process is done after all the designing and calculations are done.The
fabrication is done on the basis of design and calculations made. There are several steps
involved in fabrication which followed one and after that other. The sequence of
fabrication operations is fixed.
Processes Involved in fabrication:

1. Gettingmaterial
2. Measuring and marking
3. Cuttingmaterial
4. Drilling
5. Welding (arc welding)
6. Assembling of all theparts
Getting material

The material required for fabrication of project is purchased. The main material required is
listed below. The material is of several kinds and is of different ratings.
a. LED bulb to indication
b. Metal pipes for making frame
c. Bearings to reduce friction
d. Seed bucket for easy work
e. Shaft to fix blade
f. Conveyor belt to connect Dynamo with shaft
g. Nut and bolt to fix shaft and ball bearing.

Measuring and Marking

The measurement is done on the basis of design.The iron angles are measured to cut
according to the drawing. The metal rods and sheet are also marked to cut according to
design. The measurement consists of followingsteps.
1. Measure all the parts offrame.
2. Mark the dimensions ofbase.
3. Mark the dimension of frameheight.
4. Measure inclination angle offrame.
5. Measure diameter of shafts, bearing
6. Mark width ofconveyor.
 Fig 40: measuring and marking

Fig 41: measuring outer diameter

Cutting Material

The cutting is done after measuring and marking. The cutting of angles is done by cutting
machine and hacksaw and cutting of metal sheet by sheet cutter.Allthepartsarecutaccording
to the measured dimensions. The following steps are made duringcutting.
Cutting of angles to make frame of the project.
 Cutting of rods according to measurement.

Fig 42: hacksaw

Drilling:

The drilling operation is performed after the cutting operation is made. The drilling is
doneby drilling machine. First of all we mark the positions or points where the drilling is
to be done and then the drilling isdone.

Fig 45: drilling

Welding (arcwelding)

The welding is performed after the grinding is done. The welding is done on the even
surfaces so that the dimensions measured will not affect after welding i.e. dimensions will
not change afterwelding.

Fig 47: welding process

The following steps are followed during welding-

a. Welding of frame angles and the frame is made.

b. Welding of hooks on metal strips.
c. Welding of other accessories.

Assembling of all parts

 After making all the components, they are assembled. The following steps are followed
during assembling the parts-
1. Shafts are fitted withframe.
2. Ball bearing are fitted on shaft.
3. Blade are fitted on the shaft
4. Solar panel fitted on the Frame
5. Fitted LED bulb on Frame
6. Attach Battery on Frame to store power supply
7. Using of electrical cable to connect different electrical.part.

Advantages and Disadvantages of project

● Advantages:-
Side loaders trucks are loaded from the side, either manually, or with the assistance of
a joystick-controlled robotic arm with a claw, used to automatically lift and tip wheeled
bins into the truck's hopper. An Automated Side Loader truck only needs one operator,
where a traditional rear load garbage truck may require two or three people. Advantage
of reduction on the job injuries due to repetitive heavy lifting

● Disadvantage-
The setup of scrap collecting vehicle is having more work area. So, Scrap loading and
unloading is not possible in the small industries. For operating mechanism more fuel is
required. Electric motor with high torque is required for lifting the scrap bin.

Home scrap is normally utilized in the in-house melting units, though some of the
scrap which can be rolled, is sold as re-rollable scrap to Re-rolling Mills. New scrap,
generated by automobile, auto ancillary industry, white goods, household appliances,
steel fabricators, construction sector, tube makers etc., is normally sold by the
generating units to actual end users. Old scrap ishandled through small traders, who in
term depend on Kabaddis, who go door to door for collecting the scrap. Various
institutions often auction the obsolete scrap which is also collected by small traders.
Need for Change

Regulations are mainly required for collection and processing of obsolete scrap, and
making this sector more organized, ensuring quality, safety and environmental
friendly operation of scrap handling shredding units.

Opportunities for Employment Creation

As steel scrap recycling industry grows, it will require skilled employees to carry out
numerous operations of scrap recycling process. Annual potential of revenue
generation in steel scrap industry is of the order of Rs. 2000 Cr / million tonne of steel
scrap processed. Recycling will create a good number of jobs in the country.
Currently it is largely an unorganised sector, as most of the people involved are
operating independently. Larger is the industry, more chances of organized job
creation. Consolidation of the industry consequently, will generate a demand for well-
trained and qualified personnel, capable of executing multitask work with high
efficiency.
Steel scrap recycling involves a range of activities, such as scrap collecting,
transporting, sorting, logistics, etc. Recycling companies will have to employ workers
to deal with every of these activities separately. Figure 8 shows thevalue chain created
through use of steel scrap in secondary steel sector.
Training for scrap recycling jobs
Most of the jobs in scrap recycling will require hands-on experience, therefore steel
scrap recycling enterprises have to provide for appropriate trainings, especially
considering the jobs dealing with state-of-the-art equipment. However, small duration
courses can be designed by institutes like NISST, BPNIST for imparting theoretical
knowledge, quality control etc.

Independent metal scrap collectors

Alongside with scrap collecting and recycling companies, independent scrapcollectors

can emerge as self-entrepreneur, who collect scrap by themselves and then sell it to
recyclers. Government may consider issuing license for
their business. They may be useful in collecting steel scrap from local Kabadies,
cities, towns, rural areas etc. and providing to big processors.

Scrap Industry and Investment Opportunity

Steel Ministry is targeting an increase in the usage of steel scrap. A new scrap policy
need to formulated to address all the issues from local scrap collectors to processing
centers including role of OEM, Government and other department / ministries . A
policy to scrap vehicles which are more than 15-20 years old is also need to be framed.
 Auto-shredding and vehicle-recycling plants are being established. Scrap-based steel
production capacity is expected to be increased. Around 30-40 million tonnes more
steel is expected to be produced from scrap by 2030. Obsolete scrap from old vehicles
will comprise a major chunk of the additional scrap, in view of the fact that roughly
20- 25 MT of scrap will be generated.

MSTC and Indian conglomerate Mahindra Accelo are establishing India’s first vehicle
shredder, with a capacity of 100,000-300,000 tpy of vehicles. It will generate the
shredded-grade scrap which India currently has to import from Europe and the United
States. Tata Steel’s is also planning to set up a scrap processing units in Gurgaon to
tap the high consumption of automobiles and white goods in the National Capital
Region. These initiatives provide a good opportunity for investment in India's quest to
become self-sufficient inferrous scrap.

CHAPTER 4
COST OF PROJECT AND CONCLUSION

Cost of project

S. no. Component Name No. of Quantity Cost

1 Screw 02 15
2 Couplings 01. 200
3 Clamps 01 3000
4 Electrical cable 08 100
5 Shafts 01 200
6 Conveyor belt 01 50

7 Hanger bearing 01 50
8 Other Accessories - 500

Total cost Rs. 4010-

Table 1: Cost of the project

2. CONCLUSION

The different mechanism of scrap collection are semi-automated controlled as above with
side attachment would result in increasing the work efficiency and this would lead to
automation for the time saving. More amount of operation can be done in short time with a
single operator for vehicle as well as the mechanism. Now due to these automation will be
comparatively more percentage of less time consumption from the same quantity of scrap
collection as compared to manually controlled vehicles.
So the arrangement of this design with a core features such as the belt drive and guide post
with the collecting arms would provide us high quantity of the torque from the electric motor
as compared to other mechanism. Thus,adopting the above design would be beneficial in all
terms instead of manually controlled vehicles.
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