1. During a disaster response, which action should the nurse prioritize first?
A) Administering medications to stable patients
B) Assessing the scene for safety hazards
C) Organizing patient triage
D) Contacting family members of affected patients
Correct Answer: B) Assessing the scene for safety hazards Rationale: Assessing the scene
for safety hazards is the first priority to ensure the safety of both the nurse and the
patients before any further actions can be taken.
2. What is the primary purpose of establishing a triage system during a disaster?
A) Prioritizing care for patients with chronic conditions
B) Allocating resources efficiently based on patient acuity
C) Assigning nursing staff to specific patient care areas
D) Organizing patient transportation to other facilities
Correct Answer: B) Allocating resources efficiently based on patient acuity Rationale:
Triage aims to prioritize patient care based on the severity of their condition, ensuring
that limited resources are directed to those who need them most urgently.
3. Which intervention is essential when caring for victims of a natural disaster?
A) Providing routine vaccinations
B) Offering mental health support
C) Administering IV antibiotics prophylactically
D) Initiating physical therapy sessions
Correct Answer: B) Offering mental health support Rationale: Natural disasters often
lead to psychological trauma among survivors. Providing mental health support is
crucial for addressing these issues and promoting overall well-being.
4. What is the appropriate action for a nurse encountering a chemical spill in the hospital?
A) Immediately evacuate all patients from the area
B) Attempt to contain the spill independently
C) Assess patients for signs of chemical exposure
D) Contact the maintenance department to handle the spill
Correct Answer: A) Immediately evacuate all patients from the area Rationale: Safety is
paramount in handling chemical spills. Evacuating patients from the affected area helps
prevent further exposure and potential harm.
5. When managing a mass casualty incident, which principle guides the allocation of
resources?
A) Utilitarianism
B) Individualism
C) Egalitarianism
D) Libertarianism
Correct Answer: C) Egalitarianism Rationale: Egalitarianism focuses on equal treatment
for all individuals, which is essential in the context of mass casualty incidents to ensure
fair distribution of limited resources.
6. What is the primary goal of disaster preparedness training for healthcare professionals?
A) Reacting swiftly to emergencies as they arise
B) Minimizing the impact of disasters on healthcare facilities
C) Educating the public on disaster response procedures
D) Implementing long-term recovery plans after a disaster
Correct Answer: B) Minimizing the impact of disasters on healthcare facilities Rationale:
Disaster preparedness training aims to equip healthcare professionals with the
knowledge and skills necessary to mitigate the effects of disasters on healthcare delivery
systems.
7. During a disaster response, which factor should the nurse consider when prioritizing
patient care?
A) Age of the patient
B) Socioeconomic status of the patient
C) Distance from the disaster epicenter
D) Severity of the patient's injuries
Correct Answer: D) Severity of the patient's injuries Rationale: Patient care should be
prioritized based on the severity of injuries or medical conditions to ensure that those
with life-threatening issues receive prompt attention.
8. What is the primary purpose of the Incident Command System (ICS) in disaster
management?
A) Coordinating communication between healthcare providers
B) Establishing a chain of command within response teams
C) Allocating financial resources for disaster recovery
D) Conducting post-disaster assessments of affected areas
Correct Answer: B) Establishing a chain of command within response teams Rationale:
The ICS provides a standardized structure for command, control, and coordination of
emergency response efforts, including clear lines of authority and communication.
9. When providing care to pediatric patients during a disaster, which consideration is most
important?
A) Administering pain medication promptly
B) Communicating effectively with parents or guardians
C) Assessing developmental milestones
D) Initiating nutritional support interventions
Correct Answer: B) Communicating effectively with parents or guardians Rationale:
Effective communication with parents or guardians is crucial for maintaining trust,
reducing anxiety, and ensuring appropriate care for pediatric patients during disasters.
10. Which action should the nurse prioritize when caring for elderly patients during a
disaster?
A) Ensuring continuity of chronic medication regimens
B) Facilitating access to social support services
C) Implementing fall prevention measures
D) Providing assistance with personal hygiene needs
Correct Answer: A) Ensuring continuity of chronic medication regimens Rationale: Elderly
patients often have multiple chronic conditions requiring ongoing medication
management. Ensuring continuity of their medication regimens is essential for
maintaining their health and well-being during and after a disaster.
BLS
1. What is the first step in the BLS sequence?
A) Perform chest compressions
B) Open the airway using the head tilt-chin lift maneuver
C) Check for responsiveness
D) Give rescue breaths
Correct Answer: C) Check for responsiveness Rationale: Assessing responsiveness is the
initial step to determine if the victim needs CPR.
2. How deep should chest compressions be performed on an adult during CPR?
A) 1 inch (2.5 centimeters)
B) 2 inches (5 centimeters)
C) 3 inches (7.5 centimeters)
D) 4 inches (10 centimeters)
Correct Answer: B) 2 inches (5 centimeters) Rationale: Chest compressions should be
performed to a depth of at least 2 inches (5 centimeters) on adults.
3. What is the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio for adult CPR performed by a single
rescuer?
A) 30 compressions to 2 breaths
B) 15 compressions to 2 breaths
C) 30 compressions to 1 breath
D) 15 compressions to 1 breath
Correct Answer: A) 30 compressions to 2 breaths Rationale: The compression-to-
ventilation ratio for adult CPR by a single rescuer is 30 compressions to 2 breaths.
4. During CPR, where should chest compressions be performed on an infant?
A) Over the lower half of the sternum
B) Over the upper half of the sternum
C) Over the xiphoid process
D) Over the breastbone at the nipple line
Correct Answer: A) Over the lower half of the sternum Rationale: Chest compressions on
infants should be performed over the lower half of the sternum.
5. What is the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio for infant CPR?
A) 30 compressions to 2 breaths
B) 15 compressions to 2 breaths
C) 30 compressions to 1 breath
D) 15 compressions to 1 breath
Correct Answer: B) 15 compressions to 2 breaths Rationale: The compression-to-
ventilation ratio for infant CPR is 15 compressions to 2 breaths.
6. Which of the following is a sign of effective chest compressions during CPR?
A) Visible chest rise with each breath
B) Audible cracking sound from the chest
C) Return of spontaneous circulation
D) Increased heart rate on the monitor
Correct Answer: C) Return of spontaneous circulation Rationale: Return of spontaneous
circulation indicates effective chest compressions and circulation.
7. When should an automated external defibrillator (AED) be applied during CPR?
A) Before starting chest compressions
B) After 5 cycles of CPR (about 2 minutes)
C) After checking for responsiveness
D) Before giving rescue breaths
Correct Answer: C) After checking for responsiveness Rationale: AED application should
occur after checking for responsiveness and before starting CPR.
8. What is the recommended rate for chest compressions during CPR for all age groups?
A) 60 compressions per minute
B) 80 compressions per minute
C) 100 compressions per minute
D) 120 compressions per minute
Correct Answer: D) 120 compressions per minute Rationale: The recommended rate for
chest compressions during CPR for all age groups is 120 compressions per minute.
9. What is the appropriate depth of chest compressions for children during CPR?
A) At least 1 inch (2.5 centimeters)
B) At least 1.5 inches (4 centimeters)
C) At least 2 inches (5 centimeters) D) At least 2.5 inches (6.5 centimeters)
Correct Answer: B) At least 1.5 inches (4 centimeters) Rationale: Chest compressions for
children should be performed to a depth of at least 1.5 inches (4 centimeters).
10. During CPR, if a victim starts to show signs of life, what should the rescuer do?
A) Stop CPR and reassess
B) Continue CPR with increased force
C) Switch to rescue breathing only
D) Discontinue CPR and wait for emergency medical services (EMS)
Correct Answer: A) Stop CPR and reassess Rationale: If the victim shows signs of life, CPR
should be stopped, and the rescuer should reassess the victim's condition.
MCI AND TRIAGING
1. Scenario: A healthcare provider arrives at the scene of a mass casualty incident involving
a bus crash. Several victims are scattered on the ground, some unconscious and others
screaming in pain. What should the provider do first?
A) Assess the patients' airways and breathing
B) Immediately begin treating the most severely injured patients
C) Call for additional assistance from emergency services
D) Establish a perimeter to prevent further injuries
Correct Answer: C) Call for additional assistance from emergency services Rationale: The
first priority is to ensure that sufficient resources are available to manage the incident
effectively.
2. Scenario: In a triage area during a mass casualty incident, a patient presents with severe
bleeding from a leg injury. The patient is conscious but in distress. What triage category
should the patient be assigned to?
A) Immediate (Red)
B) Delayed (Yellow)
C) Minimal (Green)
D) Expectant (Black)
Correct Answer: A) Immediate (Red) Rationale: Severe bleeding requires immediate
intervention to prevent further deterioration of the patient's condition.
3. Scenario: During a mass casualty incident, a healthcare provider encounters a conscious
patient with difficulty breathing and severe chest pain. The patient appears cyanotic.
What triage category should the patient be assigned to?
A) Immediate (Red)
B) Delayed (Yellow)
C) Minimal (Green)
D) Expectant (Black)
Correct Answer: A) Immediate (Red) Rationale: The patient's symptoms indicate a
potentially life-threatening condition requiring immediate intervention.
4. Scenario: A healthcare provider is triaging patients during a mass casualty incident. One
patient presents with minor cuts and bruises but is emotionally distressed and
experiencing panic attacks. What triage category should the patient be assigned to?
A) Immediate (Red)
B) Delayed (Yellow)
C) Minimal (Green)
D) Expectant (Black)
Correct Answer: C) Minimal (Green) Rationale: While the patient is experiencing distress,
their injuries are minor and do not require immediate medical attention compared to
other patients.
5. Scenario: In a triage area, a patient presents with a fractured arm and moderate
bleeding. The patient is conscious and able to communicate but requires assistance to
control the bleeding. What triage category should the patient be assigned to?
A) Immediate (Red)
B) Delayed (Yellow)
C) Minimal (Green)
D) Expectant (Black)
Correct Answer: B) Delayed (Yellow) Rationale: The patient's injuries are significant but
not immediately life-threatening, requiring medical attention after more critical patients
are stabilized.
6. Scenario: During a mass casualty incident, a patient is found unresponsive with absent
vital signs. Despite initial resuscitative efforts, the patient remains unresponsive. What
triage category should the patient be assigned to?
A) Immediate (Red)
B) Delayed (Yellow)
C) Minimal (Green)
D) Expectant (Black)
Correct Answer: D) Expectant (Black) Rationale: The patient's lack of response and
absent vital signs indicate a poor prognosis, and resources should be prioritized for
patients with a higher likelihood of survival.
7. Scenario: In a triage area, a patient presents with severe burns covering more than 50%
of the body surface area. The patient is conscious but in significant pain. What triage
category should the patient be assigned to?
A) Immediate (Red)
B) Delayed (Yellow)
C) Minimal (Green)
D) Expectant (Black)
Correct Answer: A) Immediate (Red) Rationale: Severe burns require immediate medical
attention due to the risk of complications such as shock and infection.
8. Scenario: A healthcare provider is triaging patients during a mass casualty incident. One
patient presents with a head injury and altered mental status but is breathing
adequately. What triage category should the patient be assigned to?
A) Immediate (Red)
B) Delayed (Yellow)
C) Minimal (Green)
D) Expectant (Black)
Correct Answer: A) Immediate (Red) Rationale: Altered mental status following a head
injury may indicate a serious neurological condition requiring immediate evaluation and
intervention.
9. Scenario: In a triage area, a patient presents with multiple fractures and significant
bleeding. The patient is conscious but rapidly becoming hypotensive. What triage
category should the patient be assigned to?
A) Immediate (Red)
B) Delayed (Yellow)
C) Minimal (Green)
D) Expectant (Black)
Correct Answer: A) Immediate (Red) Rationale: The combination of multiple fractures
and significant bleeding indicates a need for immediate intervention to prevent further
deterioration.
10. Scenario: During a mass casualty incident, a patient presents with a penetrating chest
injury and difficulty breathing. The patient is conscious but in severe respiratory distress.
What triage category should the patient be assigned to?
A) Immediate (Red)
B) Delayed (Yellow)
C) Minimal (Green)
D) Expectant (Black)
Correct Answer: A) Immediate (Red) Rationale: Difficulty breathing and severe
respiratory distress indicate a potentially life-threatening condition requiring immediate
attention to maintain adequate oxygenation.
