Simple Present tense

Usage
• permanent situation
e.g.
• Daily routine / habit
e.g.
• universal truths / facts / scientific principles
e.g.
• Proverbs / sayings
e.g.
 Simple Present tense – Form
Subject + Verb (V1) + I / We / You / They He / She / It / Ram /
Complement Everyone / The class
Positive statements I eat healthy food everyday. He always submits the daily
report on time.
Negative statements We do not (don’t) play sports It does not (doesn’t) bark at
every day. the strangers.
‘Wh’ questions What do you need from me? What does she need from
me?
Yes / No questions Do you play cricket on Doesn’t he speak English
weekends? fluently?
Positive short answers Yes, I do. Yes, he does.

Negative short answers No, I don’t. No, he doesn’t.

‘be’ form (am, is, are) ‘are’ (except ‘I’) ‘is’ (including ‘I’)
e.g. We are, You are, They are e.g. He is, She is, Everyone is
 Simple Present tense – Some tips
• The verbs (action words) that ends with either ‘sh’, ‘ch’, ’x’,
‘ss’, and ‘s’; an ‘es’ is added at the end to make it plural.
e.g.
• The verbs which end in a consonant ‘y’ changes to ‘ies’.
e.g.
• Use adverbs of frequency like always, often, sometimes,
rarely (seldom), never, usually, generally, mostly, frequently,
everyday, daily, etc.
 Present Continuous Tense
Usage
• To talk about an action happening now.
e.g.
• A temporary action
e.g.
• A definite action in the future
e.g.
 Present Continuous Tense– Form
Subject + am, is, are + I / We / You / They He / She / It / Ram /
Verb + ing + Complement Everyone / The class
Positive statements I am working from home now. He is reporting to the
project head till his
manager resumes duty.
Negative statements They are not (aren’t) thinking She is not (isn’t) taking up a
of conducting classroom job before she completes
training till December. her post graduation.
‘Wh’ questions What are you doing this Why isn’t she turning on the
weekend? mic and video in the
meeting?
Yes / No questions Are we planning to go on a Is he discussing about the
vacation this year? project with his colleague?
Positive short answers Yes, we are. Yes, he is

Negative short answers No, we aren’t. No, he isn’t

 Present Continuous Tense – Your understanding

• Underline the correct sentences

1. The present continuous is used to talk about
statements that are:
a. Generally true b. happening now.
2. Used with words like:
a. Now, at the moment, currently b. always, often, seldom
3. Question and negatives are made with:
a. do and does b. are, is, am
4. Which sentence is correct?
a. She is believing in me b. She believes in me.
 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

• The present perfect continuous is used to express

how long a current activity has been going on.
• This tense is often used with the following time
expressions: ...since + specific point in time,
for + amount of time
• Remember that continuous forms can only be used with
action verbs.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense– Form
Subject + has / have + I/ We / You / They He / She / It / Ram /
been + Verb + ing + Everyone / The class
Complement
Positive statements We have been studying in the The lyricist has been writing
library for three hours. romantic songs since the
beginning of his career
Negative statements They haven’t been helping She hasn’t been listening to
their mom in the chores since songs for an hour.
morning.
‘Wh’ questions What have you been doing for Why hasn’t Ram been
so long? taking care of himself?
Yes / No questions Have you been trying to Has it been consuming
contact me? more fuel?
Positive short answers Yes, I have been Yes, it has been

Negative short answers No, I haven’t been No, it hasn’t been

 Simple Past Tense
Usage
• To talk about an action which is completed in the
past at some time.
e.g.
• It has no connection to the present.
e.g.
• Words like ago, yesterday, last night, previous night,
etc are used.
e.g.
 Simple Past Tense– Form
Subject + Verb (V2) + I / We / You / They
Complement He / She / It / Ram / Everyone / The class

Positive statements I completed the given assignment late night yesterday.

Negative statements He did not (didn’t ) receive the cheque payment last week as
per the commitment from the vendor.

‘Wh’ questions What did you do last weekend?

Where were you posted in your last project?

Yes / No questions Did you widen your social circle on the networking platform
yesterday?

Positive short answers Yes, I did.

Negative short answers No, I didn’t

 Simple Past Tense – Your understanding

• Choose the correct option

1. The simple past tense talks about statements that are over and :
a. have connection to the present b. have no connection to the present

2. Used with words like:

a. Ago, before, previous b. always, often, seldom
3. Question and negatives are made with:
a. am, is, are b. did
4. Which sentence is correct?
a. Did she went to office yesterday?
b. Did she go to office yesterday?
 Past Continuous Tense
Usage
• To talk about an action that was in progress in the
past, when another action occurred.
e.g. I was talking to my friend on phone, when the
doorbell rang.

• To talk about an action happening at a particular

time in the past.
• e.g. I was watching an episode of a web-series at
9 pm yesterday.
 PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
Action in progress in the past
1. I was working in the garden when my sister arrived.
2. We were watching a film at ten last night.

Fill in the blanks with Past Continuous tense

• While I ___________________ the road, she waved at me. (cross)
• I entered the room while he _____________________ in his class.
(teach)
• He _____________________ his car when I saw the accident.
(drive)
• We _____________________ football all evening yesterday. (play)
• I ________________________ the evening news when I heard a
knock at the door. (listen to)
 Past Continuous Tense– Form
Subject + was/were + We / You / They I /He / She / It / Ram /
Verb + ing + Complement Everyone / The class
Positive statements We were working from home. He was reporting to the
project head until his
manager resumed duty.
Negative statements You were not (weren’t) She was not (wasn’t) feeling
listening to me, when I was well yesterday.
speaking.
‘Wh’ questions What were you doing last Why wasn’t he speaking it
Sunday? out to his colleague?
Yes / No questions Were we following the Was it notifying you about
precautionary measures? the error?
Positive short answers Yes, we were. Yes, it was

Negative short answers No, we weren’t. No, it wasn’t

 Past Continuous Tense – Your understanding

• Choose the correct option

1. The past continuous is used to talk about statements that
are:
a. happening at a particular time in past
b. happening now.
2. To talk about the other action, we use:
a. simple present b. simple past
3. Question and negatives are made with:
a. Are, is am b. was, were
4. Which sentence is correct?
a. She was completing her assignment, when the wifi stopped
working
b. She was completing her assignment, when the wifi stops
working.
 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

The present perfect is often used to express events

that occurred in the past at an unspecified moment.

This tense is often used with the following time

expressions: twice, three times, four times, ever, never

•Jane has already been to Italy.

• I haven’t played golf many times.
 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

The present perfect is also used to talk about an

action in incomplete time.

This tense is often used with the following time

expression: this

•I have spoken to the client this week.

•She has been to her uncle’s place this summer.

Activity completed in
incomplete time

She has visited Mount Abu this

month.
 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

The present perfect is often used to express recent

events that affect the present moment.

This tense is often used with the following time

expressions: just, yet, already, recently

•Henry has just gone to the bank.

•Peter hasn't finished his task yet.
 Present Perfect Tense– Form
Subject + has / have + I/ We / You / They He / She / It / Ram /
Verb V3 + Complement Everyone / The class
Positive statements I have recently seen the He has won gold medal in
movie. the race.
Negative statements We have not (haven’t) bought She hasn’t completed her
the laptop yet. assignment yet.
‘Wh’ questions What have you done in the Why hasn’t he made the
code? proposal ?
Yes / No questions Have you carried your laptop ? Has it consumed more
fuel?
Positive short answers Yes, I have Yes, it has

Negative short answers No, I haven’t No, it hasn’t

 Present Perfect Tense – Your understanding

• Choose the correct option

1. The present perfect is used to talk about statements
that are:
a. happened at a time in past with effect in present
b. happened in the past.
2. We use words like :
a. already, yet, recently, just b. yesterday, last night, last
week
3. Question and negatives are made with:
a. had b. has, have
4. Which sentence is correct?
a. She has completed her code yesterday.
b. She has recently completed her code.
 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

• For : for + a period of time : for three years

• Since : since + a point in time : since 2002
• Since : since + a past time clause : since I met him

‘For’ and ‘since’ are often used with the Present perfect.
Fill in the blanks with ‘for’ or ‘since’
1. _______ half an hour 5. _____________ yesterday
2. _______ last year 6. ____________ three hours
3. ________ noon 7. __________ we were children
4. ________ one month 8. ___________ decades
 PAST PERFECT TENSE

• The past perfect is used to express something

that happened before another point in time.
• This tense is often used with the following time
expressions:
Before, already, once, twice, three times, by the
time
 Past Perfect Tense– Form
Subject + had + Verb V3 I/ We / You / They He / She / It / Ram /
+ Complement Everyone / The class
Positive statements I had a meeting yesterday. My manager had planned
for a project on system.....
Negative statements We had not achieved the She hadn’t talked to her
milestone as per the tracker. buddy for a long time.
‘Wh’ questions Why had you agreed to work Why hadn’t she cared for
with lower salary? herself?
Yes / No questions Had you joined this Had he completed his
organization last month? earlier assignment before
he took the new one?
Positive short answers Yes, I had Yes, he had

Negative short answers No, I hadn’t No, he hadn’t

Future tenses
Future tenses
Simple future tense

Subject + will / shall + V1