DECODING NEET PHYSICS FOR 11th By: MR Sir

PHYSICS

Chapter: Unit and Dimension ❖ Dimension of Different Physical Quantity

2000
❖ Measurement: Torque =  × F Impulse = 
2011
❖ Derivation of one P.Q in terms of three
P.Q.
2021, 2017, 2016,
2015, 2015 Re, 2014,
2007, 2006
nu = constant Use formula or cancel mass and length
n1u1 = n2u2

❖ Dimension of Different Physical Quantity ❖ Principal of Homogeneity

2022 2024, 2006
Plane Angle 𝐷
𝐴 = 𝐵+𝐶 −
Solid Angle 𝐸+𝐹
𝐷 𝐷
Dimension of 𝐴 = 𝐵 = 𝐶 = =
Have unit but does not have dimension 𝐸 𝐹
(𝐸 = 𝐹 )
❖ Dimension of Different Physical Quantity
2022 ❖ Systematic
Magnetic Permeability → Reason known
𝐹 μ . 𝐼1 𝐼2
= → Can’t decrease
𝑙 2π𝑑
❖ Random Error
❖ Dimension of Different Physical Quantity → Reason unknow
2021, 2004
E Energy → Can decreasing by increase no of
= observation
G Gravitational Constant

❖ Dimension of Different Physical Quantity ❖ Errors

2021 2023, 2022, 2019, 2013, 2010, 2008
Force
Stress =
Area Types of Error
𝑋𝑎 𝑌𝑏
❖ Dimension of Different Physical Quantity 𝑃=
𝑍𝑐
2010, 2008, 2012 Multiple Power
Energy density = Young Modulus 𝑃 𝑋 𝑌 𝑍
=𝑎 +𝑏 +𝑐
1 𝐵2
𝑃 𝑋 𝑌 𝑍
= 2 0 𝐸 2 = 2 = Pressure
0
❖ Errors 2020

❖ Dimension of Different Physical Quantity % error in observation

2001, 2004 𝑥1 +𝑥2 +𝑥3 +𝑥4 +𝑥5
Energy Planck's Constant E = hf 𝑥true = 5
For Time Constant 𝑥1 +𝑥2 +𝑥3 +𝑥4 +𝑥5
1
𝑅 = 𝑤𝐿 = 𝐶 𝑥mean = 5
❖ Significant Figure 2020, 2022, 2023 ❖ Motion with Constant accn. (Motion
Addition Subtraction – Answer in minimum under graph) 2022,2020, 2020, 2003
decimal place 2011, 2010, 2006
Multiplication Division – Answer in terms of Case – 1 drop
min significant digit
2H
√
g
❖ Measuring Instruments
2021, 2020, 2018 S1s : S2s : S3s = 1:4:9
S1st : S2rd : S3rd = 1:3:5
LC = Minimum measurement taken by
instrument
Ptich
Screw Gauge = Chapter: 2-D Motion in a Plane
No. of division on circulas scale
Reading = MSR + (CSR × LC) + zero error
❖ Vector Addition 2016, 2006, 2001
❖ Vernier Calipers 2024, 2023 ⃗ = 𝑅⃗ and 𝐷
⃗ =𝐴−𝐵 ⃗ then angle
If 𝐴 + 𝐵
L.C = 1 MSD – 1 VSD ⃗ for given condition
between 𝐴 + and 𝐵
Reading = MSR + (VSR × LC) + zero error
⃗ | = |𝑅⃗| → 120°
|𝐴| = |𝐵

⃗ | → 60°
⃗ | = |𝐷
|𝐴| = |𝐵
Chapter: Motion In Straight Line
❖ Motion in straight line 2023, 2011,2007 |𝐴 + 𝐵 ⃗ | → 90°
⃗ | = |𝐴 − 𝐵
⟹ Avg. Speed For equal distance
Total distance
VAg = ❖ Dot Product 2015, 2005
Total Time
2V1 V2 ⃗ = 𝐴𝐵 cos 
𝐴. 𝐵
⃗VEqual distance =
V1 + V2
⃗ = 0 then 𝐴 must be perpendicular to 𝐵
If 𝐴 . 𝐵 ⃗
V1 + V2
⃗ Equal time =
V
2
❖ Cross Product
❖ Integration Differentiation 𝐴× 𝐵⃗ = 𝐴𝐵 sin 
2012, 2015, 2016, 2005
2010, 2009, 2003, 2007 ❖ Motion in Plane 2023
⃗𝑓 − 𝑉
𝑉 ⃗𝑐
Acceleration 𝑎 =
𝑡

❖ Constant Acceleration
2012, 2011, 2017, 2010
𝑉𝑥 = 𝑢𝑥 + 𝑎𝑥 𝑡
❖ Graph: 2022, 2025 (Re), 2008 𝑉𝑦 = 𝑢𝑦 + 𝑎𝑦 𝑡
Slope of x/t velocity = Speed

❖ Equation of trajectory 2016, 2010, 1995

❖ Equation of Motion 2000, 2009, 2007
⃗ =𝑢 Relation between x and y
𝑉 ⃗ +𝑎𝑡
𝑆=𝑢
⃗𝑡+
1
𝑎𝑡 2 x2 + y2 = R2  Circle
2

𝑣 2 – 𝑢2 = 2𝑎𝑥 x2/a2 + y2/b2 = 1  ellipse

❖ Projectile Motion 2023, 2022 Chapter: Newton’s Laws of Motions
Maximum height ❖ Equilibrium 2013, 2008, 2019
⃗ = cos𝑓 𝑛
𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 0 → 𝑉
𝑢2 sin2 
𝐻max = 2𝑔 or rest

❖ Dynamics 2013, 2009, 2003, 2002

❖ Velocity at Maximum Height 2022
Δ𝑃
𝐹=
ux = u cos  Δ𝑡

Vy = 0 ❖ Variable mass system

❖ Range 2014, 2011 ❖ Impulse = F . t = P = mv

𝑢2 sin 2
𝑅= ❖ Force 2023
𝑔
𝑣 2 − 𝑢2
𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 𝑎=
❖ Relation between H and R 2012 2𝑥
𝑅 tan 
𝐻= ❖ Area of F-t graph = Impulse = Change in
4
Momentum
❖ Complementary Angle 2006, 2002, 2000
❖ Connected body motion
If  +  = 90°, then
2024, 2022, 2014, 2015
R1 = R2 where  and  are two angle of
Net Force
projection 𝑎= Net mass
𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚𝑎
❖ Kinetic Energy
1
❖ Pully Block 2020, 2014, 2000
𝐸initial = 2 𝑚𝑢2 𝑚2 − 𝑚1
𝑎=( )𝑔
𝑚2 + 𝑚1
1
(K. E) at maximum height = 𝑚𝑢2 cos2 
2
❖ Change in momentum and force
2023, 2021, 2016, 2000
❖ Condition of Collision 1999
𝑟̂12 = −𝑉̂12 ❖ Pseudo Force
2018, 2011, 2010, 2003, 2002
❖ Relative Motion 2019, 2000, 1998
𝐹 = −𝑚(𝑎)𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒
River Man
𝐷 ❖ Pseudo Force
𝑡min = Drift = t min Vriver 2018, 2011, 2010, 2003, 2002
𝑢man
𝐹 = −𝑚(𝑎)𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒
❖ Minimum Separation 2015 ❖ Work Energy and Power (explosion)
𝑑 ❖ Feel of Friction → oppose relative motion
𝑑= 2018
√2
𝑓static = 𝐹applied (𝑎𝑐𝑐 = 0)
❖ Uniform Circular Motion
2023, 2019, 2020, 2011 𝑓kinetic = μ𝑁
2
𝑉 (does not depends on area)
𝑎𝐶 = = 2 𝑅 = 42 𝑅𝑓 2
𝑅
 Chapter: Electric Potential and Capacitance
❖ Kinetic Friction
❖ Work by Variable Force 2019, 1994
𝑟𝑓
❖ Hanging
𝜔 = ∫ 𝐹 . 𝑑𝑟
𝑟𝑖
❖ Block is at rest on accelerating object
❖ Work by Constant Force 2016, 2013
❖ Pseudo Force
2018, 2011, 2010, 2003, 2002 ω = 𝐹 . ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝛥𝑟 = 𝐹 . (𝑟𝑓 − 𝑟𝑖 )
𝐹 = −𝑚(𝑎)𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒
❖ Area of F/x 2011, 2005
 = Area under F – 𝑥 Curve
❖ Friction on Inclined

If  = tan  ❖ Explosion
2013, 2009, 2004, 2008, 2005
object at rest (a = 0) (i) Conservation of Linear Momentum
𝑃1 1 𝐾. 𝐸1 𝑚2
Fstatic friction = mg sin  𝑃⃗𝑖 = 𝑃⃗𝑓 = =
𝑃2 1 𝐾. 𝐸2 𝑚1

❖ Friction on Inclined ❖ Force Internal Energy 2012, 1995

𝜕𝑢
If  > tan  𝐹 = − 𝜕𝑟

Rest acceleration = 0 Relation between force and potential energy

Fstatic = mg sin 
❖ Spring Potential Energy (COME)
2023, 2022, 2015, 2009, 2007, 2006, 2004,
❖ Friction on Inclined 2003
1
V = – W = K (xf – xi )
2 2
If  < tan  2

Motion ❖ Work Energy Theorem

2017, 2016, 2015, 2009, 2006
a = g sin  – g cos 
1
(i) WAll = .K.E. = 𝑚(𝑉𝑓2 − 𝑉𝑖2 )
2

❖ Friction (ii) Wex = TME

❖ Centripetal Force 2017, 2004 ❖ Conservation of Mechanical Energy

requirment of Net Force towards Theorem 2021, 2004
the centre = Fullfilled by any real force (K.E + U)initial = (K.E + U)fincil

❖ Death well 2019 ❖ % Change 2022

𝑃𝑓 −𝑃𝑖
Benting of cycliss % change in P = × 100
𝑃𝑖

tanθ = 𝑣 2 ⁄𝑅 𝑔 ❖ Power 2023, 2016, 2012

❖ Motion of car Instantaneas Power
Vmax = √μRg
(i) P = ⃗F. ⃗V
Vmax = √Rg tan 
❖ Average Power 2022, 2021, 2008
Energy Work mgh PV
(ii) P = time
= Time
= time = 𝑡
 ❖ Constant Power 2015, 2012 Velocity Interchange after elastic collision
of same mass
(iii) If P = Constant

V  √𝑡 ❖ Heat on Inelastic Collision

2018, 2010, 1996
x  t3/2 (𝑚1 − 𝑒𝑚2 )𝑢1 (𝑒 + 1)𝑚2 𝑢2
𝑉= +
𝑚1 + 𝑚2 𝑚1 + 𝑚2
❖ Engine
HA/C VA/C
P = v3 E=√ =
BB/C VB/C
 = Mass per unit length
1 ❖ Elastic Collision of same mass velocity
K.E. Imparted to water : P = 2 v3
exactly interchange

❖ Vertical Circular Motion 2020, 2019, 2016 ❖ Loss in K.E 2015, 1997
1 𝑚1 𝑚2
𝐾. 𝐸 = (𝑢 − 𝑢2 )2
Tension and Velocity at Bottom 2 𝑚1 + 𝑚2 1

(i) Umin = √5𝑔𝑅 At bottom. ❖ 2-D Elastic Collision 2015, 2012

𝑚𝑣 2 𝐾. 𝐸𝑖 = 𝐾. 𝐸𝑓
Tbottom = + 𝑚𝑔
𝑟
1 1 1 1
TBottam – Ttop = 6 mg 𝑚1 𝑢12 + 𝑚2 𝑢22 = 𝑚1 𝑣12 + 𝑚2 𝑣22
2 2 2 2

❖ 2-D Inelastic Collision 2011

❖ Condition of Just Complete 2018, 2024
𝑝𝑖 = 𝑝𝑓
Vertical Circular Motion
𝑚1 𝑣⃗1+𝑚2𝑣⃗2
𝑉= 𝑚1+𝑚2
❖ Change in Velocity 2004

Chapter: Rotation
Chapter: Centre of Mass and Collision
❖ Position of C.O.M. ❖ Kinetics of Rotation 2023, 2020, 2016
2022, 2020, 2012, 2012, 2010, 2009, 2004, Angular acceleration
2002 ω𝑓−ω𝑖
𝑚1 𝑟1 + 𝑚2 𝑟2 + ⋯ α= Δt
𝑟c.m. =
𝑚1 + 𝑚2
❖ Angle 2007
❖ Velocity of C.O.M. 2023, 2015, 2010 1
⃗ ⃗ 𝑄 = ω𝑡 + ∝ 𝑡2
𝑚 𝑉 + 𝑚2 𝑉2 + ⋯ 2
⃗cm = 1 1
𝑉
𝑚1 + 𝑚2
❖ Moment of Inertia 2015, 2016
❖ Shift in C.O.M. 2012, 2010 IRing = MR2
𝑚1 𝑥1 + 𝑚2 𝑥2 2
𝑥cm = Isolid sphere = 5 MR2
𝑚1 + 𝑚2
𝑚1 𝑥1 = −𝑚2 𝑥2 IHollow Sphere = MR2
2
3
❖ Elastic Collision 2019, 2016
❖ Radius of gyration 2023, 2022
K.Etransfer 4𝑛
K.Einitial
= (1+𝑛)2
 ❖ M.O.I of Rod 2009, 2008, 2024 ❖ Rolling Motion 2024, 2001
𝑀𝐿2 Velocity of different Point
𝐼 =
12

❖ M.O.I of Remaining Part 2016

Iremaining part = Icomplete part – Iremoved part

❖ M.O.I of Point mass 2004

𝐼 = 𝑚1 𝑟12 + 𝑚2 𝑟22
❖ Work energy theorem in Rolling 2019, 12
1 𝐾2
❖ Parallel 2010 𝑊 = Δ𝐾. 𝐸 = 𝑚𝑢𝑎2 (1 + 2 )
2 𝑅
𝐼0 = 𝐼𝑐𝑚 + 𝑚𝑑2
❖ Acceleration of Rolling 2014, 2018
❖ Energy 2016, 2022 𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
1 1𝐿2 𝑎𝑐𝑚 = 𝐾2
𝐸 = 𝐼𝜔2 = 2 1+ 2
2 2𝐼 𝑟

❖ Work energy theorem Chapter: Gravitation

Work = ΔK. E ❖ Kepler’s Law
2018, 2015, 2011, 2009
1
= 2 𝐼(𝜔𝑓 2 − 𝑤𝑖2 )
Elliptical Orbit
Areal Velocity = Constant = rV
❖ Feel of E.M.I. 2022 T2 ∝ R3
Vmax rmin = Vmin rmax
❖ Conservation of Mechanical energy 1999
(K.E + P.E)i = (K.E + P.E)f
❖ Acceleration due to Gravity

❖ Torque, (Rotational equilibrium) 2023, 2012, 2005, 2004

2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017 2003, 2020, 2020 – Covid
2019, 2017, 2016, 2012 Pre
❖ Rotational Kinematics
2010, 2000, 2014
2023, 2019, 2017, 2015, 2014
𝐺𝑀 4
Z = Iα At Surface : 𝑔 = 𝑅2
= 3 𝐺𝜋𝑅𝜌
Δω
α= Δt At height ‘h’ : 𝑔𝑀 =
𝑔
ℎ 2
(1+ )
𝑅

❖ Angular momentum 2016, 2015 Re At depth ‘d’ : 𝑔𝑀 = 𝑔 (1 − 𝑅)

𝑑

L = mvr1r
Graph of acceleration due to gravity
❖ Conservation of Angular Momentum 2011 ❖ Accn due to gravity at surface
Li = Lf when torque = 0 2023 Manipur
❖ Ring/Disc → Conservation of Angular 4
𝑔 = 𝐺𝑅
Momentum 3
2010, 2011, 2009, 2004, 2003, 1998
𝐼1 𝑤1 + 𝐼2 𝑤2 ❖ Accn due to depth 2019
𝑊𝑓 = 𝑑
𝑤1 + 𝑤2 𝑔𝑑 = 𝑔0 (1 − )
1 𝐼1 𝐼2 𝑅
Δ𝐾. 𝐸 = (𝑤 − 𝑤2 )
2 𝐼1 + 𝐼2 1
 ❖ For small height ‘h’ and depth d
2𝐺𝑚
2017-Delhi 𝑉𝑒 = √ = 𝑅√ = √2𝑉0
𝑔 2ℎ 𝑑 𝑅
= =
𝑔 𝑅 𝑑
❖ Egiven to satellite = T.Efinal – T.Einitial
❖ n
Graph of acc due to gravity 2016-II

gin = < r (distance from centre) Chapter: Mechanical Properties of Solid

gout ∝ 1/r2 ❖ Stress, Strain, Young’s Modulus
2023, 2020, 2018, 2015, 2014, 2013
F
❖ Accn due to gravity at height 2020 Stress =
A
𝑔0 𝑅2 Stress 𝐹𝑙
𝑔ℎ = = =
(𝑅 + ℎ )2 Strain 𝐴𝑙

𝐺𝐻 ❖ Bulk Modulus and Shear Modulus:

❖ Gravitational field due to point mass |𝐼| = 𝑟2 2017, 2015
𝐺𝑀
Gravitational Potential due to point mass 𝑉 = − 𝑟
𝑃
𝐵=−
Gravitational P.E U = −
𝐺𝐻𝑚
𝑉/𝑉
𝑟 1
2023, 2022, 2022, 2013, 2011 Energy stored 𝑈 = 2 𝐹𝑙
mgh
❖ V = h 2019, 2002, 2013
1+
R

❖ Acceleration due to Gravity

Chapter: Mechanical properties of Fluids
2023, 2021, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2012, 2011, ❖ Mechanical Properties of fluids
2010, 2016, 2014, 2007, 2015 2022, 2017

𝐺𝑀 Pressure = ρgh
Orbital velocity : 𝑉0 = √ 𝑅
U- tube
2𝐺𝐻
Escape velocity : Ve = √ Barometer ρgh = constant
𝑅

2
velocity at infinite : V∞ = √𝑉given − 𝑉𝑒2 ❖ Hole in a tank 2019, 2015
V = √2𝑔ℎ
𝑅 Rate of flow = AV
Maximum height : hmay = 𝑉2
𝑒 −1
𝑉2
𝑔
Bernoulli's Equation
1
Flift : 𝜌𝐴(𝑉22 − 𝑉12 )
2
𝐺𝐻𝑚
Energy of Satellite : 𝑈 =– 𝑟

𝐺𝐻𝑚
❖ Surface Energy 2023, 2016
K.E = + 2𝑟 S = TΔA
𝐺𝐻𝑚 𝑈 Excess Pressure
𝑇. 𝐸. = − = –K.E =
2𝑟 2 4𝑇
Satellite Motion bubble S = 𝑅
2𝑇
❖ Scape Velocity 2023 (Manipur) Drop S = 𝑅
𝑉2 = √𝑉𝑔2 − 𝑉𝑒2 ❖ Excess Pressure 2022, 2019
4𝑇
bubble S = 𝑅
𝑹
❖ 𝒉 = 𝒗𝟐
𝒆 −𝟏 2𝑇
𝒗𝟐
𝒈
Drop S =
𝑅

❖ Combination of drop 2014

1 1
Energy = 3VT (𝑟 − 𝑅)
 ❖ Q  T (In Conduction)
❖ Capillary Rise 2016, 2015, 2020
2𝑇𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 ❖ Wines displacement law
ℎ= 2020, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2013
𝜌𝑔𝑟 1
λ∝𝑇
❖ Viscous force/Stoke’s Law 2023, 2021
𝐹𝑣 = 6πη𝑟𝑉𝑇 ❖ Steffen's Law 2017, 2016, 2009, 2007
P = e6AT4
❖ Terminal velocity 2022 ❖ Stefens Boltzman Law
2 (ρ − σ)𝑟2𝑔 𝐏 µ (𝐓𝐁𝟒 − 𝐓𝐒𝟒 )
𝑉𝑇 = and its graph
9 η
Chapter: Thermodynamic Process
❖ Area of PV Graph
2023, 2022, 2017, 2015, 2014, 2013

Chapter: Thermal properties of Matter ❖ Isobaric 2020, 2018

Temperature reading − L. F. P P = constant

= constant
U. F. P − L. F. P 𝑑𝑈 1 𝑑 1
𝑑
=𝑟 𝑑𝑄
= 1−𝑟
❖ Thermal Expansion 2019, 2016, 2015
Lt = l0(1 + ∝ΔT)
Special Case l1α1 = l2α2 ❖ Adiabatic
Coefficient of volume 2019, 2020, 2014, 2011, 2010
Vt = v0(1 + γΔT)
Every linear dimension increase but not d = 0
angular dimension.
dU = –d
❖ Thermal Stress
𝐹 𝑙
= 𝑟 = 𝑟𝑇 ❖ Mixed Process
𝐴 𝑙
V P 
= =−
V   ❖ Mixed Process 2017, 2016, 2014
Isothermal T = constant
❖ Heat
2022, 2020, 2016, 2014, 2012, 2017, 2015, 2012,
2010, 2009, 2003, 2002, 2001 ❖ Cyclic Process 2012
➢ Steam water 𝑄 = 𝑚𝐿 dU = 0 d = d
➢ Potential to Heat mgh = 𝑄 = 𝑚𝑠Δt ❖ Cyclic Process 2015, 2008
𝜕𝑄 𝑘𝐴ΔT
➢ Heat conjuction thermal conductivity 𝑑𝑡 = l 1st Law of thermodynamic
➢ Heat capacity = mass × S = R3 d = dV + d
𝐾1 𝑇1 + 𝐾2 𝑇2
𝑇Junction =
𝐾1 + 𝐾2 ❖ Cyclic Process 2005
𝑚𝑔ℎ = 𝑚 ′ 𝐿 2nd Law of thermodynamic
Loss in P.E. = Heat energy
❖ Heating Curve (Temperature vs Time Graph)
❖ Heat Engine
Alternate phase change and temperature increase
𝑇2 2
will occurs. =1− =1−
𝑇1 1
KAT
= mL ❖ Density 2020, 2019, 2008, 2016
L
𝑃𝑀
=
𝑅𝑇
❖ Ideal Gas Equation 2004 ❖ Distance/ Displacement 2019
PV = nRT
❖ Velocity/Acceleration
❖ Pressure by Ideal Gas and K.E 2023
2 2019, 2019, 2017, 2015, 2011, 2009, 2008,
𝑃 = 3𝐸
2007, 2005
(𝑛1 +𝑛2 )𝑅mix
𝑃mix = 𝑉mix
𝑉 = 𝑤√𝐴2 − 𝑥2

❖ RMS Speed = 𝑤𝐴 cos(𝑤𝑡)

2023, 2022, 2021, 2018, 2016
3𝑅𝑇 𝑎 = −𝑤2𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑤𝑡) = −𝑤2𝑥
𝑉rms = √ 𝑀

8𝑅𝑇
𝑉avg = √ 𝑀 ❖ 𝑽𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝑨 𝒂𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝑨𝟐
2𝑅𝑇
𝑉MP = √
𝑀 ❖ Circular Motion as S.H.M 2019
❖ Average K.E, 2020, 2017, 2013
𝑈 = 𝑛𝐶𝑣 𝑑𝑇 ❖ Energy of S.H.M
𝑛𝑓𝑅
= 2
𝑑𝑇 2021, 2007, 2003, 2002
❖ Temperature of Mixture 1 1
𝑃. 𝐸 = 𝑘𝑥2 𝐾. 𝐸 = 𝐾(𝐴2 − 𝑥2)
𝑛1 𝑓1𝑇1 +𝑛2 𝑓2𝑇2 2 2
𝑇mix =
𝑛1 𝑓1+𝑛2 𝑟𝑓2
𝑅𝑇
𝑈total = (𝑓1 𝑛1 + 𝑓2 𝑛2 ) ❖ Graph of K.E/P.E/Force
2
2023, 2022, 2003, 2014
❖ Temperature of Mixture 2017
𝑛1 𝑓1 𝑇1 + 𝑛2 𝑓2 𝑇2 x/t → Sinusoidal
𝑇mix =
𝑛1 𝑓1 + 𝑛2 𝑟𝑓2
v/t → Sinusoidal
❖ Mean Free Path 2020, 2014 v/x → Ellipse
1
=
√2𝑛𝑑2 a/x → Straight lix

❖ Molar Heat Capacity 2016 K.E/x → Parabola

𝑅
𝐶𝑀 = 𝐶𝑉 + P.E/x → Parabola
1−𝑋
❖ Simple Pendulum
2023, 2022, 2018, 2000
Chapter: S.H.M Oscillation
𝑙
❖ Periodic Non Periodic Question 𝑇 = 2𝜋√
𝑔eff
2022, 2020, 2015, 2011
geff = g + a upward accn
Sinusoidal Exponential/
Function Logarithmic = g – a down
❖ Phase Difference 2020, 2011, 2007 
= 𝑔 (1 − ) in liquid electric field
σ

𝑞𝐸
=𝑔 ± 𝑚

𝐺𝑀
= 𝑅2
 𝑓 = same
❖ Spring Pendulum ❖ Intensity of Source 2005
2021, 2017, 2016, 2010, 2007, 2004, 2003, Point Source Line Source
2002
1 1
Force 𝐹 = 𝐾𝑥 𝐼 𝐼
𝑟2 𝑟
𝑚
T = 2𝜋 √ 𝐾 Iplane  r0

❖ Cutting of Spring l ∝ 1/K ❖ Speed of Wave in String 2022, 2016

𝑲𝟏 𝑲𝟐
𝑲𝐞𝐪 𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬 = 𝑇 𝑇
𝑲𝟏 + 𝑲𝟐 𝑉=√ =√
𝑲𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐥 = 𝑲𝟏 + 𝑲𝟐
 𝐴

❖ Interference 2008
❖ Superposition of S.H.M 2
𝐼max = (√𝐼1 + √𝐼2 )
2015, 2000, 1997, 1990
2
𝐼min = (√𝐼1 − √𝐼2 )
❖ Damped oscillation 2022] 1999
−𝑏𝑡
𝐴 = 𝐴0 𝑒 2𝑚 ❖ Organ Pipe
2024, 2023, 2023-M, 2022
(R), 2022, 2018, 2017
Chapter: Wave 𝑛𝑉
𝐹open =
2𝐿
nth harmonic (n – 1) overtone
❖ Type of Wave 2006 (2𝑛 + 1)𝑉
𝐹close =
2𝐿
❖ Wave Equation nth overtone (2n + 1) harmonic
2016, 2015, 2014
2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009
❖ Sonometre Wire 2020, 2015
𝑦 = 𝐴 sin(𝑘𝑥 + 𝑤𝑡) 𝑛𝑉
𝑉max particle = 𝐴 𝑓=
2𝑙
𝑉wave = /𝑘
❖ Resonance Tube 2016
❖ Phase Difference between two waves  = 2(𝑙2 − 𝑙1 )
2011, 2004 𝑣 = 𝑓
 = 1 – 2
❖ Beats
❖ Propagation of Wave from one medium to 2020, 2016, 2013, 2011, 2010, 2009
another 2011 Frequency Difference
 Tension Increase → f 
= ,
 Waxing →f
𝑣 Sharping →f
𝑣′ = ,


*****
 DECODING NEET PHYSICS FOR 12th By: MR Sir

PHYSICS

Chapter: Electric Charges and Fields ❖ Gauss Law:

❖ Coulomb’s Law: 2023, 2019, 2015, 2011,

2022, 2020, 2017, 2016, 2010, 2007, 2006, 2003, 2001
2023, 2010, 2003, 2019 𝑞𝑖𝑛
∮ 𝐸⃗⃗ . 𝑑𝑆⃗ =
𝑘𝑞1 𝑞2 0
𝐹= Independent of shape and size of G.S.
𝑟2
❖ Pendulum Process Electric field due to line charge:
𝐹𝑒
tan  =
𝑚𝑔 ❖ Electric field due to line charge
𝟐𝑲𝛌
𝑬=
❖ Electric field due to Spherical Conductor 𝒓
2020, 2019, 2010 𝒒𝒊𝒏
∫ 𝑬 · 𝒅𝑨 =
Einside Hollow = 0 Esurface = KQ/R2 𝛆𝟎
Eout = KQ/r2
ρr KQr ❖ Electric flux does not depends on shape
ESolid spair Inside = = 3
3ε0 R and size of Gaussian surface

❖ Electric Dipole: Electric Dipole Moment Chapter: Electric Potential and Capacitance
2022, 2021, 2023, 2020,
2016, 2007, 2001 ❖ Field and Potential 2020, 2015, 2013
𝑑𝑣
𝐸 = − 𝑑𝑟
𝑝⃗ = 𝑞𝑙⃗
𝑘𝑝 Electric potential decrease in the direction of
𝐸 = 3 √3 cos2  + 1 field
𝑟
𝑘𝑝
𝑣 = 2 cos  ❖ Electric Potential 2023, 2022, 0202, 2012
𝑟 𝐾𝑄
 = 𝑝⃗ × 𝐸⃗⃗ : Torque on dipole 𝑉in = 𝑉surface = 𝑅
𝐾𝑄
𝑉out =
❖ Torque on dipole 2016, 2001 𝑟

𝑍 = 𝑃 × 𝐸 = 𝑃𝐸sinθ = 𝑞𝑎𝐸sinθ ❖ Field and Potential 2020, 2015, 2013

U = –PE cos 
𝐾𝑄
W = U (extn) 𝐸=
W = –U (electric) 𝑟2
𝐾𝑄
𝑉=
𝑟
⃗⃗⃗𝐚𝐱𝐢𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐝𝐢𝐩𝐨𝐥𝐞 = 𝟐𝒌𝑷
𝑬 NEET 2020, 2008 ❖ Combination of Drop 2021
𝒓𝟑

⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥 = −𝒌𝑷
⃗𝑬 𝑣′ = 𝑛2⁄3
𝒓𝟑
❖ Electric potential due to dipole
❖ Electric dipole moment 2007 𝑘𝑃cosθ
𝑉= Vequi field = 0
𝑟2
𝑃⃗⃗ = 𝑞𝑙⃗ Vaxis = kP/r2
❖ Torque on dipole in non uniform field
force may act ❖ Potential due to point V = KQ/r
❖ Electric field lines: 1994
❖ Work done and potential difference ❖ Breakdown voltage in parallel → same
2020, 2015, 2013 ❖ Breakdown voltage in series → add.
𝑤 = 𝑞Δ𝑉
Chapter: Current Electricity
K · Egain = Vloss
1
MV 2 = qV ❖ Current and Drift velocity
2
2023, 2020, 2021, 2022
Equipotential surface always perpendicular to 𝐼 = 𝑛𝑒𝐴𝑣𝑑
electric field 𝑢𝑑 = μ𝐸
E
❖ Field and potential 2015, 2014, 2009 𝐽=
𝑑𝑉 δ
𝐸=− 𝑑𝑞 𝑄
𝑑𝑟 𝐼= =
𝑑𝑡 𝑡
❖ Electric potential energy 2012, 2006 ❖ Kirchhoff Law’s Circuit
2021, 2020, 2016, 2015,
𝑟 = 𝑃⃗⃗ × 𝐸⃗⃗
2012, 2011, 2010, 2009
𝑣 = −𝑃⃗⃗ ⋅ 𝐸⃗⃗
𝑤 = Δ𝑣 ∑ 𝐼𝑅 = 0
loop
❖ Electrostatic of conductor
2021, 2014, 2012 ❖ Resistivity and Temperature
2023, 2022, 2020
(When two wire connected then potential 𝑚
becomes same) δ=
1 1 𝑛𝑒 2 τ
𝑞∝𝑅 σ∝𝑅 𝐸∝𝑅 𝑅 = 𝑅0 (1 + T)

❖ Parallel plate capacitor ❖ Variation of Resistance

2022, 2021, 2018, 2015, ❖ Silver is good conductor
2020, 20214, 2010 2023, 2022, 2020, 2017, 2013, 2004, 2008
ρℓ ρℓ2 ρ𝑉
𝜀0 𝐴 𝐾𝜀0 𝐴 𝑅= = = 2
(A) 𝐶 = = 𝐴 𝑉 𝐴
𝑑 𝑑
𝐶1 𝑉1+𝐶2 𝑉2
(B) 𝑉 = 21 2
𝐶1 +𝐶2
𝜀0 𝐴 𝜀0
series : 
1 +2
(C) 𝐶 = 𝑑1 𝑑 𝐶= (𝐴1 𝐾1 + 𝐴2 𝐾2 ) 1 + 2
⁄𝐾 + 2⁄𝐾 𝑑
1 2 parallel :
Dielectric in series Dielectric in parallel 2

❖ Combination of drop 2021 ❖ Parallel Series 2023, 2022

𝑅series = 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 + 𝑅3
𝒗′ = 𝒏𝟐⁄𝟑 𝑅1 𝑅2
𝑅parallel =
❖ Combination of drop 𝑅1 + 𝑅2
𝑅n−equal = 𝑛𝑅 Series
C = C1 + C2 + C3 ………. Parallel 𝑅
𝑅n−equal = Parallel
𝑛
1 1 1 1
= + + . . . . . . . series
C C1 C2 C3 ❖ Combination of cells internal Resistance
2022, 2018, 2013, 2012, 2009, 2006, 2005
❖ Energy store and energy loss emf = ε1 + ε2 + ε3 𝑟𝑖𝑛 = 𝑟1 + 𝑟2 + 𝑟3
2022, 2016, 2017, 2021, 2011 ε ⁄𝑟 +ε ⁄𝑟 1 1 1
1 𝐶1 𝐶2 𝐸ine = 11⁄𝑟1 +12⁄𝑟 2 𝑟 = 𝑟 + 𝑟
Δ𝑈 = (Δ𝑈)2 1 2 𝑞 1 2
2 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 Terminal potential charging VTP =  + Ir
discharge VTP =  – Ir
❖ Energy store and energy loss
Battery connected → V = same Q → charge ❖ Voltmeter: Rideal = infinite open wire
Battery removed → V = charge Q = same ❖ Ammeter: Rideal = zero simple wire
 ❖ Magnetic Property
❖ Combination of cells internal Resistance 2020, 2018, 2016, 2011, 2008, 2007
2022, 2018, 2013, 2012, 2009, 2006, 2005 µr = 1 + X
Xdia = –ve indepent of temperature
emf = ε1 + ε2 + ε3 𝑟in = 𝑟1 + 𝑟2 + 𝑟3 1
ε1⁄𝑟1 +ε2⁄𝑟2 1 1 1 𝑋Fero ∝ 𝑇−𝑇 (Curie law)
Eine = 1⁄𝑟1 +1⁄𝑟2 𝑟𝑞
= 𝑟 +𝑟 𝐶
1 2

Chapter: Electromagnetic Induction

❖ Kirchhoff Law’s Circuit
2021, 2020, 2016, 2015, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009 ❖ Magnetic Flux
∑ 𝐼𝑅 ϕ=B⃗⃗ · A
⃗⃗ = BAcosθ
𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑝
❖ Gauss Law in Magnetism
❖ Wheatstone and Meter Bridge ⃗⃗ · dS⃗⃗ = 0
∮B
2022, 2020, 2013, 2007
𝑅1 𝑅 𝑃 ℓ Monopole does not exist and flus through close
𝑅2
= 𝑅3 𝑄
= 100−ℓ
4 surface is zero.

❖ Power and Bulb ❖ Faradays Law of E.M.I.

2019, 2016, 2014, 2012, 2008 2022, 2022 Fe, 2020, 2019
𝑃Bulb = 𝑃1 + 𝑃2 + 𝑃3 + 𝑃4  Parallel dϕs dA
combination at Bulb εinduced = − = −B
dt dt
1 1 1 1
= + +  Series combination at Bulb
𝑃Bulb 𝑃1 𝑃2 𝑃3 ❖ Faradays Law of E.M.I.
Where P1, P2, P3, P4 are rated power 2010, 2009, 2008
dϕ
❖ Electrical Energy and Heating Current εinduced =
dt
𝑣2
𝐻 = 𝐼2 𝑅𝑡 = 𝑡
𝑅
1 1 1 ❖ Generator 2023
𝑡series = 𝑡1 + 𝑡2 𝑡parallel
=𝑡 +𝑡 εmax = NBAW
1 2

Chapter: Magnetism and Matter ❖ Motional emf

2022, 2020, 2018, 2016, 2018, 2014
ε = vBl
❖ Magnetic Moment 2014, 2013, 2010, 2009
𝑀 = 𝑚𝑙eff ❖ Change Inducing Rotational
2019, 2015, 2013
𝛉
𝑴 𝐬𝐢𝐧( )
𝛥𝜙
❖ 𝑴𝐀𝐫𝐜 = 𝟐 𝑄induce =
𝛉 𝑅
𝟐 1
emf = θ𝑊𝑅2
 2
❖ 𝑴𝐧𝐞𝐭 = 𝟐𝑴 𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝟐)
❖ Lenz Law → Direction of current such that if
❖ Torque and Potential Energy of Dipole oppose the cause due to which it is induced
2016, 2012, 2011 Lenz’s Law

𝑆=𝑀⃗⃗⃗𝑋 𝐵
⃗⃗ 𝑈 = −𝑀
⃗⃗⃗ ⋅ 𝐵
⃗⃗ ❖ Self Inductance 2018, 2016, 2008
𝑊 = 𝑀𝐵(cos θ 𝑖 − cos θ 𝑗)
ϕ = LI
❖ Oscillation of BAR Magnet 2009, 2002 LdI
emf =
dt
L = μ0 𝑛2 Al
𝐼 1
𝑇 = 2𝜋 √ E = LI2
𝑚𝐵 2

❖ Magnetic Property 2023 ❖ Self Inductance

1 Δϕ
X para  ΔQ =
T R
❖ Mutual Inductance ❖ R-L-C Circuit 2023 Manipur, 2021
M = √L1 L2 2
Z = √𝑅 + (𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝐶 ) 2

for DC supply f = 0 → Z = infinite I=0

❖ Mutual Inductance for high frequency f =  → Z = infinite I = 0
dI 𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝐶
ϕ2 = M ϕ = tan−1 ( )
dt 𝑅
❖ Mutual Inductance ❖ R-L-C Circuit 2023
M = ϕI 1
𝑓𝑟 = Hz
2π√𝐿𝐶
Chapter: Alternating Current 1
𝑤𝑟 = Rad/s
𝑰𝐩𝐞𝐚𝐤
√𝐿𝐶
❖ 𝑰𝐫𝐦𝐬 =
√𝟐
❖ Half Power Frequency 2021
𝑅
❖ Pure Capacitive circuit 𝑊 = Band with
2022 Re, 2020, 2016, 2011, 2001 𝐿
𝑅
𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑊1 = 𝑊0 ±
𝐼= , Current leads 2𝐿
𝑋𝐶
❖ Quality Factor 2000
❖ Current in Capacitor
𝐼 = 𝑊𝐶𝑉 = 2π 𝑓𝐶𝑉 1 𝐿 𝑋𝐶 𝑋𝐿 𝑊0
Q= √ = = =
𝑅 𝐶 𝑅 𝑅 𝑊
❖ R-L-Circuit 2023, 2011, 2022, 2011
𝑋 ❖ Power 2015
Phase difference: ϕ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( 𝑅𝐿 )
P = Vrms Irms cos 
𝑍 = √𝑅2 + 𝑋𝐿2 Pout Iout × Vout
𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 efficiency = =
Pin Iin × Vin
𝐼=
𝑍
❖ Transformer 2023, 2014, 2001, 2024
❖ Pure Inductive circuit 1994 𝑉𝑆 𝑁𝑆
𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 =
𝐼= 𝑉𝑃 𝑁𝑃
𝑋𝐿 𝐼𝑆 𝑁𝑃
𝑋𝐿 = 𝑊𝐿 =
𝐼𝑃 𝑁𝑆
𝑑𝐼
𝑉𝐿 = 𝐿
𝑑𝑡
Voltage leads Chapter: Electromagnetic Wave
❖ R-L-Circuit 2015 Re ❖ Displacement Current 2023, 2016
𝑋𝐶 𝜀0 𝑑𝜙 𝐶𝑑𝑣
ϕ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) 𝐼 = =
𝑅 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑍 = √𝑅2 + 𝑋𝐶2 Idisplacment = Idrift
𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 ❖ Speed of wave
𝐼=
𝑍 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020,
2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2012
❖ At t = 0 𝐸0 𝐶 𝐶 1 𝑊
L → Open t → Steady step 𝑉= = = =
𝐵0 𝜇 √𝜇𝑟 𝜀𝑟 √𝜀𝑚 𝜇𝑚 𝐾
=
C → Close L → Close
C → Open
❖ Equation of Wave 2022, 2021, 2010, 2009

𝑍 = √𝑅2 + 𝑋𝐿2 ❖ Electromagnetic Spectrum

2022, 2020, 2019, 2015, 2013, 2005
𝑍 = √𝑅2 + 𝑋𝐶2 GXUVIMR
Chapter: Moving Charges and Magnetism ❖ Both Es and field 2023, 2016, 2013
⃗⃗ + 𝐸⃗⃗ )
𝐹 = 𝑞(𝑣⃗ × 𝐵
❖ Magnetic Field due to wire
2023, 2022, 2015, 2014, 2000 ❖ Magnetic Force on wire 2015, 2012, 2011
𝐹 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗
𝐼ℓ × 𝐵

❖ Magnetic Force on wire 2023, 2022, 2005

𝐹 = 𝐵𝐼 (leffective) perpendicular
𝐹 = BIleffective
μ0 𝐼  μ0 𝐼 F = Il⃗ × B
⃗⃗
Barc = ( )  Bsemi circle =
2𝑅 2 4𝑅 F = BILeffect
F = zero on close loop

❖ Force B/W wire per unit length 2017

𝐹 μ0 𝐼1 𝐼2
=
ℓ 2π𝑑

Direction → Thumb along current curling finger ❖ Galvanometer 2018, 2014, 2012
represent magnetic field 𝑁𝐴𝐵
𝑆𝑣 =
𝐶𝑅
Voltage Sensitivity
❖ B due to circular coil 𝑁𝐴𝐵
2023, 2022, 2021, 2016, 2015, 2011, 2010, 2009 𝑆𝐼 =
𝑁μ 𝐼 μ 𝐼
𝐶
𝐁= 0 B = 0 (θ⁄2π) Current Sensitivity
2𝑟 2𝑟

❖ Straight wire ❖ Magnetic moment 2021, 2020, 2007

𝑀 = 𝐼𝐴𝑁
❖ Hollow cylinder 2022, 2021, 2019, 2016
μ0𝐼𝑟
Bin = 0 Bin solid= 2π𝑅2 Chapter: Ray Optics
μ 𝐼
Bout = 0 ❖ If mirror rotated by  then reflected ray rotated
2π𝑟
(Both) by 2 in same direction (IR fixed)

❖ Magnetic field on axis of circular loop ❖ Mirror 2020, 2018, 2016, 2012
μ0 𝐼𝑅2 Property (Rotational of mirror)
𝐵axis = 1 1 1
2(𝑅2 + 𝑥 2 )3⁄2 𝑣
+𝑢 =𝑓
𝑓 𝑣
❖ Magnetic field at centre of revolving electron mT = =−
𝑓 −𝑢 𝑢
μ0 𝐼 μ𝑞𝑓
𝐵= =
2𝑅 2𝑅 ❖ For real object if real image is formed →
Inverted and m = –ve
❖ B due to solenoid/Toroid 2022, 2020 ❖ For real object if virtual image is formed →
μNI erect; (m = +ve)
B = μ0 𝑛I =
ℓ *Valid for both mirror
2023
❖ Magnetic force 2021, 2019, 2016, 2015, 2009 𝑉=
𝐶
=
𝐶 𝐶
=  m =
1
𝑚𝑣 ref
𝐹 = 𝑞𝑣𝐵 𝑟 = 𝑞𝐵 √r r m
√ × √m m
0 0
2𝜋𝑚  (ref) = √r r
𝑇=
𝑞𝐵
❖ Snell’s Law 1 sin i = 2 sin r
❖ Magnetic force 2012, 2015, 2016
𝑚𝑣 ρ
𝑟= =
𝑞𝐵 𝑞𝐵
√2𝑚K. E.
𝑟=
𝑞𝐵
❖ Refraction: 2022, 2018, 2019, 2015, 2010, 2017 ❖ Telescope: 2024, 2021, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2012
Critical angle 𝐹0 1 1
μ𝑟 𝑉  𝑀= = 𝐹0 ( + ) → Final image at infinity
in ic = μ𝑑 = 𝑉𝑑 = 𝑑 𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑒 𝑉𝑒
𝑟
𝑑
𝑟 𝑓0
Appt depth = μ 𝑀min = 𝐿 = 𝑓0 + 𝑓𝑒
𝑓𝑒
V = constant
 = constant
Chapter: Wave Optics
𝟏
 𝐕𝐈𝐁𝐆𝐘𝐎𝐑
 ❖ Interference 2016, 2008
2
𝐼max = (√𝐼1 + √𝐼2 )
❖ Radius of visibility 2007, 2001 2
𝐻 𝐼min = (√𝐼1 − √𝐼2 )
𝑟=
2
√μ − 1
❖ Y.D.S.E
❖ Optical fibs 2024, 1998 2024, 2023, 2022, 2019,
2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013
𝑖 = sin−1 √μ2𝑐 − μ2𝑏 Path difference of C.I = x = d tan  = n
Path difference of D.I = x = d tan  = (2n – 1) /2
(2𝑛 − 2)𝐷
❖ Lens-Maker Formula 𝑌𝐷.𝐹 =
2023, 2022, 2021, 2016, 2013, 2012 2𝑑
𝑛𝐷 𝐷 
1 1 1 𝑌𝐵.𝐹 = = 𝑞=
= (𝜇 − 1) ( − ) 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑓 𝑅1 𝑅2
1 1 1 𝑑
= + −
𝑓net 𝑓1 𝑓2 𝑓1 𝑓2 ❖  = /d 2023

2023, 2020, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2012

❖ YDSE Setup Immersed in A Medium 2023
  
′ = ′ = ′ =
  

❖ Path Difference at any point = d/D 2023

2l
I = 4I0 cos2 ()  = x


❖ Y.D.S.E
❖ Dispersion without Deviation
2024, 2023, 2022, 2019,
 = A1(1 – 1) = A2 (2 – 1) 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013
n1 1 = n2 2
❖ Rainbow 2022, 2015, 2000
*Only internal reflection not total internal
reflection → order of colour reversed ❖ Diffraction 2016, 2015, 2014
2
❖ Compound Microscope 2014 Central Angular width =
a
For minima x = n
For maxima = (2n + 1) /2

❖ Polarisation 2022, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2015


Simple Microscope tan 𝑖𝑝 =  𝐼 = 𝐼0 cos2 2
𝐷 1 1
𝑀= = 𝐷( + )
𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑒 𝑉
𝐷 𝐷
𝑀max = 1 + 𝑀min =
𝑓𝑒 𝑓𝑒
 Chapter: Modern Physics Chapter: Atoms
❖ -Particle Scattering:
❖ Properties of Photon: 1
𝑑 (closet approaches)  𝑚 (2016, 2010, 2009)
E = hf P = E / C
 1
Massless, neutral  2024, 2006, 2002, 2000 
 𝑉2
Speed = C   𝑍𝑒
Bohr Model theory (2020, 2004)
❖ Intensity (Power): 2024, 2006, 2002, 2000 ❖ Atomic Property:
𝐼=
𝑛ℎ𝐶
𝑃=
𝑛ℎ𝐶
r  𝑛2 (2023, 2022, 2020, 2018)
𝑡𝐴 𝑡
T  𝑛3
❖ Work Function: V  1/𝑛
n
12400eV  𝐿=
=
(A )  2024, 2006, 2002, 2000
2π
T.E  1/n2 (2008, 2007)
E photo   
❖ H-Spectrum:
❖ Equation o P.E.E: 1 1 1
K.E. of e– (stopping potential)  frequency not on 
 (𝑛 2 − 𝑛 2 )
𝑓 𝑖
intensity
(2023, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012,
Saturation current  Intensity not; depends on
2011, 2010, 2005, 2001)
frequency
(2023, 2020, 2010, 2019, 2003, 2006, 2009)

E =  + K.E
ℎ𝑐 ℎ𝑐 1
= + 2 𝑚𝑣 2
 0
(2012, 2014, 2018)
E =  + eV0 (2016, 2015, 2011)

❖ Graph Photo Current v/s emf: 2009, 2004

Slope of stopping potential vs frequency = h/e
intercept = –/e

❖ De-Broglie (Matter Wave) Wavelength:

ℎ ℎ ℎ ℎ
 = 𝑝 = 𝑚𝑣 = =
√2𝐾.𝐸 𝑚 √2𝑚𝑞𝑣
(2023, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2015, 2014,
2012, 2011, 2008)
❖ Ratio of wavelength:
e
= ratio (2016, 2013)
photon

Graph /p (2015)

❖ X-ray:
1
=V (2023, 2016)

❖ Davisson and Germer Experiment

 Chapter: Nuclei ❖ Im-Pure Semiconductor
❖ Mass Energy Relation 2020 2023, 2021, 2020, 2018, 2019, 2013, 2012, 2011
𝐸 = 𝑚𝑐 2 P-type → trivalent (B, Al, Ga)
Hole → Majority;
❖ Nuclear Radius: Electron → Minority
𝑅 = 𝑅0 𝐴𝑦3
  Ao N-type → Pentavalent (P, As, Sb)
(Does not depend on mass no) Electron → Majority;
Hole → Minority
(2022, 2015, 2012, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2003) Both are neutral
Ratom 10−10
Rnucleus
= 10−14 = 104 2003 ❖ Im-Pure Semiconductor
2023, 2021, 2020, 2018, 2019, 2013, 2012, 2011
❖ Nuclear Binding Energy:
𝐵. 𝐸 = [𝑍 𝑚𝑃 + (𝐴 − 𝑍)𝑀𝑁 − 𝑀(𝐴, 𝑍)]𝑋𝐶 2
1 amu = 931.5 MeV/C2
(2021, 2011, 2010, 2008, 2007, 2004, 2003)

❖ Radio Activity:
0.693 ❖ Forward biasing / Reverse biased
𝑡y2 = 2022, 2020, 2021, 2018,

𝑁0 2016, 2015, 2012, 2011, 2005, 2004, 2003
= 𝑁1/𝑛
2𝑛 Barrier potential, width electric field increases in
(2023, 2022, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2008) FB and dec in RB
Internal electric field from N to P
❖ Nuclear Reactions:
-- decay ❖ Forward biasing / Reverse biased
(2022, 2021, 2020, 2014, 2006) High Potential at P low at ‘N’
Behave as simple wire
-decay → Mass no decrease by 4
Atomic no decrease by 2 High potential at N side
Open wire high resistance
– → Mass no same atomic no increase by 1
+ decay→ mass no same atomic no decrease by 1 ❖ Diode Rectifier 2023, 2022, 2004
Half wave rectifier
Nuclear Fusion Input frequency = output frequency
Power Full wave 2 × Input frequency = output frequency
𝐸
𝑃= (2013, 2011, 2005, 2004)
𝑡 ❖ Zener Diode / LED / Solar Cell
𝐸 2
𝑃= 𝐸 = 𝑚𝑐 2023, 2022, 2021, 2014, 2011
𝑡 Reverse biased voltage regulator
FB
❖ At higher temperature, for stability energy No biasing
release, 20 MeV/per fusion
❖ Zener Diode / LED / Solar Cell
2023, 2022, 2021, 2014, 2011
Chapter: Semi-Conductor Vout = VZ IB = IZ + IL
❖ Pure Semiconductor: 2020
As temperature increase, resistance decreases ❖ Logic Gate
opposite to conductor. 2024, 2024, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017,
ℎ𝑐 12400 eV 2016, 2015 → Always
𝐸− = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟗
 (Å)

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