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eti black and project

This report details common hacking techniques targeting networks, operating systems, and applications, highlighting vulnerabilities and methods of attack. It emphasizes the importance of understanding these threats to enhance cybersecurity and provides practical prevention strategies. Key areas covered include network vulnerabilities, wireless attacks, OS hacking, buffer and port exploits, application-level threats, web and email risks, and database vulnerabilities.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

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eti black and project

Uploaded by

prempalhade3

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SUBJECT: ETI May.

2025

Network
Hacking
Report
By: Prem Palhade,
Moreshwar Sargar

This report presents a detailed exploration of common

hacking techniques targeting networks, operating systems,
and applications. It outlines key vulnerabilities, methods of
attack, and practical ways to reduce risks. By
understanding these threats, we can work toward building
stronger and more secure digital systems.
List of contents Page 1

List of
Contents
Intro to Hack Sphere 1

Network Vulnerabilities 2

Wireless Attacks 3

OS Hacking 4

Buffer & Port Exploits 5

App-Level Threats 6

Web & Email Risks 7

Database Vulnerabilities 8
Executive Summary

Hack
Sphere
This report focuses on
understanding how such attacks
happen and what steps can be taken
to prevent them. Each section
highlights real-world threats and
methods to reduce them.

Growing Digital World

1. As technology grows, more systems go online—this also increases

chances of cyberattacks.

Why Cybersecurity Matters

2. Understanding hacking methods helps protect personal, business, and

public data.

Purpose of This Report

3. This report highlights common hacking techniques and how we can

prevent them.
Executive Summary

Network
Vulnerabilities
Network vulnerabilities refer to weak points in the design, configuration,
or protection of a computer network. These flaws can be exploited to
intercept data, disrupt communication, or gain unauthorized access

.
Open Ports & Banner Grabbing – attackers scan for active ports and
gather info about running services to find potential targets.

Ping Sweeps & Port Scanning – tools used to detect live hosts and
services in a network, often as the first step in an attack.

SNMP & MAC Attacks – weaknesses in protocols like SNMP can be

exploited, and MAC spoofing can help attackers gain network access.

Strong network defenses involve using firewalls, intrusion detection

systems (IDS), regular vulnerability assessments, and keeping systems
updated.
Executive Summary

Wireless
Attacks
1. Understanding Wireless Attacks
Wireless attacks target vulnerabilities in Wi-Fi networks, making it possible
for attackers to gain unauthorized access to data, monitor
communication, or even control connected devices. Unlike wired
networks, wireless signals travel through the air, which makes them more
exposed and easier to intercept. These attacks often take place in public
areas or poorly secured networks, where encryption is weak or
misconfigured.

2. Common Types of Attacks

Evil Twin Attack: Fake Wi-Fi created to trick users into connecting.
Packet Sniffing: Hackers capture unencrypted data sent over Wi-Fi.
Deauthentication Attack: Forces devices to disconnect and reconnect,
allowing data interception.

3. Prevention and Protection

To defend against wireless attacks, strong network security is essential.
Use WPA3 encryption for your Wi-Fi, which offers better protection than
older standards like WEP or WPA2. Regularly update router firmware and
disable WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup), which is often targeted by brute-
force attacks. Educate users to avoid connecting to unknown or open Wi-
Fi networks and encourage the use of VPNs to encrypt traffic on public
networks. Monitoring tools can also help detect unusual activity or rogue
devices.
Executive Summary

OS
Hacking
OS Hacking refers to exploiting vulnerabilities in operating systems like
Windows and Linux to gain unauthorized access or control. Hackers often
target outdated systems, weak passwords, or unpatched software.
Common attacks include privilege escalation, where attackers gain higher-
level access, and remote code execution,

where they run malicious commands from a distance. In Windows,

registry and service flaws are common targets, while in Linux,
misconfigured permissions and kernel bugs are exploited. Protecting
against OS hacking requires regular updates, strong authentication, and
limiting user privileges.
Executive Summary

Buffer &
Port Exploits
Buffer & Port Exploits involve techniques used by attackers to crash
systems, steal data, or take control of devices. A buffer overflow
happens when too much data is sent to a memory buffer, causing it to
overwrite nearby memory and possibly execute harmful code. This is a
common flaw in poorly written programs.

On the other hand, port exploits target open or unprotected ports—

channels used for network communication. Attackers scan ports to find
weak spots, then exploit services running behind those ports. These
attacks can be used to plant malware, hijack sessions, or create
backdoors. Preventing them involves input validation, firewalls, and
restricting unnecessary open ports.
Executive Summary

App-Level
Threats
Applications, whether desktop-based or mobile, are often targeted by
attackers due to their direct interaction with users and data. These
threats involve exploiting weaknesses in software to gain unauthorized
access or cause harm. Common application-level threats include:

Injection Attacks – like SQL injection, where attackers send malicious

input to extract or modify data from databases.
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) – where malicious scripts are injected into
trusted websites, affecting users who visit those sites.
Broken Authentication – attackers bypass login systems by exploiting
weak password policies or session management flaws.

These threats can lead to data leaks, financial loss, and reputational
damage. Regular updates, secure coding practices, and vulnerability
scanning tools help reduce the risk of these attacks.
Executive Summary

Web &
Email Risks
Web and email platforms are highly targeted due to their widespread use.
Web risks include vulnerabilities in websites and online applications, while
email threats often aim at tricking users into clicking harmful links or
giving away sensitive information.

Web Vulnerabilities – such as directory traversal, where attackers

access restricted parts of a website, and Google dorking, which uses
advanced search queries to find exposed sensitive data.

Email Attacks – like phishing, where fake emails pretend to be

trustworthy sources, and email bombs that overload inboxes to crash
systems.

Banners and Metadata – information displayed in emails or websites

can leak details about the system, which attackers can use for
planning attacks.

Best practices include using spam filters, verifying website inputs,

securing directories, and training users to identify suspicious links and
emails.
Executive Summary

Database
Vulnerabilities

Web and email platforms are highly targeted due to their widespread use.
Web risks include vulnerabilities in websites and online applications, while
email threats often aim at tricking users into clicking harmful links or
giving away sensitive information.