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Lecture-6 Important Terms

The document is an academic outline for a course on Digital Communication and Networking at Shri Saibaba College, detailing key concepts in electronic communication such as bandwidth, signal-to-noise ratio, bit rate, baud rate, and channel capacity. It explains the definitions and calculations related to signal and channel bandwidth, as well as the importance of minimizing bandwidth for effective communication. The document serves as a resource for students in the Electronics Science program, providing foundational knowledge for understanding communication systems.

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shahrukhs1611
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6 views

Lecture-6 Important Terms

The document is an academic outline for a course on Digital Communication and Networking at Shri Saibaba College, detailing key concepts in electronic communication such as bandwidth, signal-to-noise ratio, bit rate, baud rate, and channel capacity. It explains the definitions and calculations related to signal and channel bandwidth, as well as the importance of minimizing bandwidth for effective communication. The document serves as a resource for students in the Electronics Science program, providing foundational knowledge for understanding communication systems.

Uploaded by

shahrukhs1611
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

Shri Saibaba Sansthan Trust’s

Shri Saibaba College, Shirdi

WEL COME
For
Learning academic subjects through online platform

Mr.Manoj G. Kundhare
Assistant Professor
Electronics Science
S. Y. B. Sc. (Computer Science),Electronics
Semester III
Paper II (ELC-232)

Digital Communication and Networking


(2 Credit)

Note : All the images are taken from the internet


Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication

Concepts of the Communication Systems :-

1. Bandwidth:-

• The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum occupied by a


signal is called as Bandwidth.
• It is also defined as the frequency range over which an
information signal is transmitted.
• Generally the bandwidth is the difference between the
upper and lower frequency limits of the signal.

Signal Bandwidth & Channel Bandwidth


Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication

Signal Bandwidth:-

• The bandwidth is the electromagnetic spectrum


occupied by a signal.
• We already know different types of baseband
signals such as voice signal, music signal, TV
signal etc.
• Each of these signals will have its own frequency
range.
• This frequency range of a signal is known as
signal bandwidth.
Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication

Signal Bandwidth:-
• For example the range of the music signal is 20 Hz to 15 kHz.

• Therefore as shown in above figure the bandwidth is ( f2 – f1)

• BW = f2 – f1 = 15000 – 20 = 14980 Hz.


Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication

Signal Bandwidth:-
• The Bandwidth of the different signals are as listed in
following table.
Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication

Channel Bandwidth:-
• The range of frequencies that contain the information is
called as the bandwidth.
• But the term Channel bandwidth is used to describe the
range of frequencies required to transmit the desired
information.

• When the information signal is superimposed on the


carrier signal, the resulting modulated signal occupies a
small portion of the EM spectrum surrounding the carrier
frequency.
• In modulation process, side bands are generated at
frequencies above and below the carrier frequency.
Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication

Channel Bandwidth:-
For example :-

• In AM, maximum modulating frequency is 5 kHz.


• If carrier frequency is 700 kHz, the sidebands will be
produced as
700 – 5 = 695 kHz and 700 + 5 = 705 kHz.
Hence,
Bandwidth, f2 – f1 = 705 – 695 = 10 kHz.
Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication

Amplitude Modulation:-
Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication

Channel Bandwidth:-
• The EM spectrum is finite.
• Only limited number of signals can be transmitted in the
frequency spectrum.
• Because signals transmitted on the same frequency
(overlapping frequencies) will interfere with each other.
• Therefore it is necessary to minimise the bandwidth
required to transmit given information, so that more
number of channels can be accommodated in the
frequency spectrum.
• It is advantageous to use higher frequencies for
communication.
Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication

2. Signal to Noise ratio


• The signal to noise ratio is a number that indicates the
relative strength of the signal and the noise.
• The S/N ratio is defined as ‘the ratio of the signal power to
the noise power at the same point.
Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication

2. Noise Figure :-
• Noise figure is the ratio of S/N power at the input to the
S/N power at the output.

• Noise figure (F) is also called as the noise factor.


• Noise figure is a number, usually it is also expressed in
decibles.
Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication

3. Bit rate (Data rate) :-


• Bit rate is defined as the number of bits transmitted or
sent in one second.
• It is expressed in bits per second (bps).

• The relation between bit rate and bit interval is as follows


Bit rate = 1/ Bit interval

• Bit rate is also called as signalling rate and is defined as


the number of bits which can be transmitted in a second.
• If the bit duration is ‘Tb’ then the bit rate will be 1 / Tb.
• The bit rate should be as high as possible.
Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication

4. Baud rate :-
• Baud is the unit of signalling speed or modulation rate or
the rate of symbol transmission.

• It indicates the rate at which a signal level changes over a


given period of time.

• When the binary bits are transmitted as an electrical signal


with two levels 0 and 1, the bit rate and the modulation
rate (baud rate) are same.
Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication

Bit rate & Baud rate :-


Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication

5. Channel Capacity :-
• The channel capacity is defined as the maximum
data rates at which data can be transmitted over
the channel reliably.

• The various other parameters related to the channel


capacity are as follows
1. Data rate
2. Bandwidth
3. Noise
4. Error rate
For Video Lecture Click below

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