SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.

Page 1 Thursday, February 27, 2025

Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 2 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 3 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 4 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 5 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 6 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 7 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 8 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 9 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 10 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 11 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 12 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 13 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 14 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 15 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 16 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 17 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 18 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 19 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 20 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 21 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 22 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 23 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 24 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 25 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 26 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 27 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 28 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 29 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 30 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 31 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 32 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 33 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 34 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 35 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 36 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 37 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 38 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 39 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 40 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 41 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 42 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 43 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 44 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 45 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 46 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 47 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 48 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 49 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 50 Thursday, February 27, 2025
Printed For: Mr Abhishek Kaushik, Symbiosis Law School
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
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