Question Bank (K scheme)

Unit Test: II
Name of subject: MICROPROCESSOR
Subject code: 22415 Course: CO
Semester: IV
1. Write any four-bit manipulation instructions of 8086.

Ans. NOT − Used to invert each bit of a byte or word.

AND − Used for adding each bit in a byte/word with the corresponding bit in another
byte/word.
OR − Used to multiply each bit in a byte/word with the corresponding bit in another
byte/word.
XOR − Used to perform Exclusive-OR operation over each bit in a byte/word with the
corresponding bit in another byte/word.

2. Define procedure and write its syntax

Ans.
Procedure: A procedure is group of instructions that usually performs one task. It is a
reusable section of a software program which is stored in memory once but can be used as
often as necessary.
A procedure can be of two types. 1) Near Procedure 2) Far Procedure

Syntax :- Procedure can be

defined as
Procedure_name PROC
----
------
Procedure_name
ENDP
For Example
Addition PROC near
------
Addition ENDP

3. State any two difference between TEST and AND instructions.

Ans.

TEST AND
This instruction logically ANDs the This instruction logically ANDs the
source with the destination but the result source with the destination and stores the
is not stored anywhere. result in destination.
.
e. g .TEST BL ,CL e.g. AND BL , CL
The result is not saved anywhere. The result is saved in BL register

4. Write an ALP to add two 8 bit numbers.

Ans.
.model small
.data

a db 06h
b db 12h
ends
.code
start:
mov ax,@data
mov ds,ax
mov al,a
mov bl,b
add al,bl
int 3
ends
end start

5. State the use of DAA instruction in BCD addition.

Ans. The DAA (Decimal Adjust after Addition) instruction makes the result in Packed BCD
from after BCD addition is performed. It works only on AL register.

6. Define immediate addressing mode with suitable example

Ans.
An instruction in which 8 bit or 16 bit operand (data) is specified in instruction itself then the
addressing mode of such instruction is called as immediate addressing mode.
Eg.
MOV AX,7120H

7. State the use of STC and CMC instruction of 8086.

8. Write an ALP to perform addition of two 16 bit BCD numbers.

Ans.
 9. Describe the function of the following instructions:
(i) DAA (ii) CMP (iii) ADC (iv) JNC
Ans.
1) DAA: Decimal adjust after addition
This instruction is used to make sure the result of adding two packed BCD numbers is
adjusted to be a legal BCD number. The result of the addition must be in AL for DAA to
work correctly. If the lower nibble in AL after an addition is greater than 9 or AF was set by
the addition, then the DAA instruction will add 6 to the lower nibble in AL. If the result in
the upper nibble of AL in now greater than 9 or if the carry flag was set by the addition or
correction, then the DAA instruction will add 60H to AL.
Let AL = 59 BCD, and BL = 35 BCD
ADD AL, BL AL = 8EH; lower nibble > 9, add 06H to AL
DAA AL = 94 BCD, CF = 0
Let AL = 88 BCD, and BL = 49 BCD
ADD AL, BL AL = D1H; AF = 1, add 06H to AL
DAA AL = D7H; upper nibble > 9, add 60H to AL
AL = 37 BCD, CF = 1
2) CMP: Compare
This instruction compares the source operand, which may be a register or an immediate data
or a memory location, with a destination operand that may be a register or a memory location.
Example: -
CMP BX, 0100H
CMP AX, 0100H
CMP [5000H], 0100H
CMP BX, [SI]
CMP BX, CX
3) ADC: Add with Carry
ADC Destination, Source
This instruction performs the same operation as ADD instruction, but adds the carry flag to
the result.
Example: -
ADC 0100H
ADC AX, BX
ADC AX, [SI]
ADC AX, [5000]
ADC [5000], 0100H
4) JNC: - Stands for 'Jump if Not Carry'

It checks whether the carry flag is reset or not. If yes, then jump takes place, that is: If CF =
0, then jump.
ADD AL, BL Add two bytes
JNC NEXT If the result within acceptable range, continue

10. Write an ALP to find largest number in array of 5 elements.

Ans.
DATA SEGMENT
ARRAY DB 10H,24H,02H,05H,17H
LARGEST DB 00H
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
START:
ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATA
MOV DX,DATA
MOV DS,DX

MOV CX,04H
MOV SI ,OFFSET
ARRAY MOV AL,[SI]
UP: INC SI
CMP AL,[SI]
JNC NEXT
MOV AL,[SI]
NEXT: DEC CX
JNZ UP
MOV LARGEST,AL
MOV AX,4C00H
INT 21H
CODE ENDS
END START
 11. Differentiate between Procedure and Macros.
Ans.

12. Write an ALP to find length of string.

Ans.
Data Segment
STRG DB 'GOOD MORNING$'
LEN DB ?
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
START:
ASSUME CS: CODE, DS : DATA
MOV DX, DATA
MOV DS,DX

LEA SI, STRG

MOV CL,00H
MOV AL,'$'
NEXT: CMP AL,[SI]
JZ EXIT
ADD CL,01H
INC SI
JMP
NEXT EXIT: MOV LEN,CL
MOV AH,4CH
INT 21H
CODE ENDS

13. Write an ALP to count number 1' in 8 bit number.

Ans.
DATA SEGMENT
N DB 12H
Z DB 0
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME DS:DATA, CS:CODE
START:
MOV DX,DATA
MOV DS,DX
MOV AL, N
MOV CL,04
NEXT: ROL AL,01
JNC ONE
INC Z
ONE: LOOP NEXT
HLT
CODE ENDS
END START

14. Explain any four Addressing Modes of 8086.

Ans.
1. Immediate addressing mode:
An instruction in which 8-bit or 16-bit operand (data) is specified in the
instruction, then the addressing mode of such instruction is known as
Immediate addressing mode.
Example:
MOV AX,67D3H
2. Register addressing mode
An instruction in which an operand (data) is specified in general purpose
registers, then the addressing mode is known as register addressing mode.
Example:
MOV AX,CX
3. Direct addressing mode
An instruction in which 16 bit effective address of an operand is specified in
the instruction, then the addressing mode of such instruction is known as
direct addressing mode.
Example:
MOV CL,[2000H]
4. Register Indirect addressing mode
An instruction in which address of an operand is specified in pointer register
or in index register or in BX, then the addressing mode is known as register
indirect addressing mode.
Example:
MOV AX, [BX]
5. Indexed addressing mode
An instruction in which the offset address of an operand is stored in index
registers (SI or DI) then the addressing mode of such instruction is known as
indexed addressing mode.
DS is the default segment for SI and DI.
For string instructions DS and ES are the default segments for SI and DI resp.
this is a special case of register indirect addressing mode.
Example:
MOV AX,[SI]
6. Based Indexed addressing mode:
An instruction in which the address of an operand is obtained by adding the
content of base register (BX or BP) to the content of an index register (SI or
DI) The default segment register may be DS or ES
Example:
MOV AX, [BX][SI]
7. Register relative addressing mode:
An instruction in which the address
of the operand is obtained by adding the displacement (8-bit or 16 bit) with the contents of
base registers or index registers (BX, BP, SI, DI). The default segment register is DS or ES.
Example:
MOV AX, 50H[BX]
8. Relative Based Indexed addressing mode
An instruction in which the address of the operand is obtained by adding the
displacement (8 bit or 16 bit) with the base registers (BX or BP) and index
registers (SI or DI) to the default segment.
Example:
MOV AX, 50H [BX][SI]

15. Write an ALP to multiply two 16 bit signed numbers.

Ans.
.model small
.data
A db 2222h
B db 1111h

Ends
.code
Mov ax,@data
Mov ds,ax
Mov AX,a
Mov BX,b
IMul BX
Int 03h
Ends
End

16. Write a MACRO to perform 32 bit by 16 bit division of unsigned numbers.

Ans.
.model small
Div1 macro no1,no2

mov ax,no1
div no2
endm
.data
num1 dw 12346666h
num2 dw 2222h
.code
mov ax,@data
mov ds,ax
div1 num1,num2
ends
end