Solved University Question Papers-15MA201, SRMIST 1

B.Tech. Degree Examination, November 2018

Third to Seventh Semester
15MA201-Transforms and Boundary Value Problems
Time: Three hours Max. Marks: 100

Part - A (20 × 1=20 Marks)

Answer ALL Questions

1. The partial differential equation formed by eliminating arbitrary constant a, b is

z = (x + a)(y + b) is
(A) z = p + q (B) z = p − q (C) z = p/q (D) z = pq
Sol: Given z = p + q (1)
Equation (1) partially differentiating w.r.to x and y, we get
∂z ∂z
= (y + b) and = (x + a)
∂x ∂y
∂z
Therefore p = (y + b) where p = (2)
∂x
∂z
and q = (x + a) where q = . (3)
∂y
Substituting equations (2) and (3), in (1) we get z = pq.
Ans. D
0 02
2. The complementary function of (D2 + 2DD + D )z = 0 is
(A) φ(y − x) + φ2 (y − x) (B) φ(y − x) + xφ2 (y − x)
(C) φ(y − x) + φ2 (y + x) (D) φ(y − x) + xφ2 (y + x)
0
Sol: The auxiliary equation is m2 + 2m + 1 = 0 where D = m, D = 1.
(m + 1)2 = 0 ⇒ m = −1, −1. C.F. is z = φ1 (y − x) + xφ2 (y − x).
Ans. B
0
3. The particular integral of (D2 − 2DD )z = e2x is
e2x e2x+y e2x
(A) (B) (C) e2x (D)
4 4 2
1 2x = 1 e2x where 0
Sol: P.I.= 2 0e D = 2, D = 0.
D − 2DD 4
Ans. A

4. The complete solution of z = px + qy + p2 q 2 is

(A) z = ax + by 2 + ab2 (B) z = ax2 + by + ab2
(C) z = ax + by + a2 b2 (D) z = ax + by + ab
Sol: Given z = px + qy + p2 q 2 . This is clairaut’s form.
Hence the complete integral is z = ax + by + a2 b2 .
Ans. C

5. sin x is a periodic function with period

π
(A) π (B) (C) 2π (D) 4π
2
Ans. C
2 V. Suvitha, Department of Mathematics, SRMIST

6. The constant a0 of the Fourier series for the function f (x) = k in 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π

k
(A) k (B) 2k (C) 0 (D)
2  2π
1 R2π 1 R2π k
Sol: a0 = f (x)dx = kdx = x = 2k.
π 0 π 0 π 0
Ans. B

7. The RMS value of f (x) = x in −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 is

1
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) √ (D) -1
3 v v
u Rb u R1
u (f (x))2 dx u x2 dx
u u
t−1 1
Sol: RMS value of f (x) = a
t
= =√ .
b−a 2 3
Ans. C

8. Half range cosine series for f (x) is (0, π) is

P∞ a0 ∞
P
(A) an cos nx (B) + an cos nx
n=1 2 n=1
P∞ a0 P
(C) bn sin nx (D) − an cos nx
n=1 2
Ans. B

9. The proper solution of the problems of vibration of string is

(A) y(x, t) = (Aeλx + Be−λx )(Ceλat + De−λat ) (B) y(x, t) = (Ax + B)(ct + 1)
(C) y(x, t) = (A cos λx + B sin λx)(C cos λat + D sin λat) (D) y(x, t) = Ax + B
Ans. C

10. The one dimensional wave equation is

∂u ∂2u ∂2y 2
2∂ y
(A) = a2 2 (B) = a
∂t ∂x ∂t2 ∂x2
∂y ∂2y ∂2y 2
2∂ y
(C) =a 2 (D) = a
∂t ∂x ∂x2 ∂t2
Ans. B

11. One dimensional heat equation is used to find

(A) Density (B) Temperature Distribution (C) Time (D) Displacement
Ans. B

12. A rod of length l has its ends A and B kept at 0◦ C and 100◦ C respectively, until
steady state conditions prevail. Then the initial condition is given by
100x
(A) u(x, 0) = ax + b + 100l (B) u(x, 0) =
l
(C) u(x, 0) = 100xl (D) u(x, 0) = (x + l)100
d2 u
Sol: In steady state, the P.D.E. becomes =0
dx2
Therefore the solution is u(x) = ax + b (1)
The initial conditions are u(0) = 0 and u(l) = 100.
Using these conditions in (1), we obtain
100
u(0) = 0 + b ⇒ b = 0 and u(l) = la ⇒ 100 = la ⇒ a = .
l
100x
Therefore u(x) = . Ans. B
l
Solved University Question Papers-15MA201, SRMIST 3

13. F [eiax f (x)] is  

s
(A) F (s + a) (B) F (s − a) (C) F (as) (D) F
a
1 ∞ 1 ∞
Sol: F [eiax f (x)] = √ eiax f (x)eisx dx = √ ei(s+a)x f (x)dx = F (s + a).
R R
2π −∞ 2π −∞
Ans. A

14. F [xf (x)] =

dF (s) dF (s) dF (s) dF (s)
(A) (B) i (C) −i(D) −
ds ds ds ds
dn
Sol: We know that F {xn f (x)} = (−i)n n F (s).
ds
dF (s)
Put n = 1, we get F [xf (x)] = −i .
ds
Ans. C

Fourier cosine transformrof Fc [e−4x ]

15. The r
    r   r  
2 4 2 4 π 4 π 4
(A) (B) (C) (D)
π 16 + s2 π 4 + s2 2 16 + s2 2 4 + s2
Sol:
r Z∞ r  ∞
−4x 2 −4x 2 e−4x
Fc (e )= e cos sxdx = (−4 cos sx + s sin sx)
π π 42 + s2 0
0
r
2 4
= .
π 42 + s 2
Ans. A

16. F (f (x) ∗ g(x)) is

(A) F (s) + G(s) (B) F (s) − G(s) (C) F (s)G(s) (D) F (s)/G(s)
Ans. C

17. Z(7) is
z z 1 z z−1
(A) (B) 7. (C) . (D)
z−1 z−1 7 z−1 z
kz 7z
Sol: We know that Z(k) = ⇒ Z(7) = .
z−1 z−1
Ans. B

18. Z[nan ] =
az z a z
(A) (B) (C)(D)
(z − a)2 (z − a)2
(z − a)2 (z − a)3 
dF (z) n d z az
Sol: We know that Z[nf (t)] = −z ⇒ Z[na ] = −z = .
dz dz z − a (z − a)2
Ans. A

19. If Z[f (t)] = F (z) then lim F (z) =

z→∞
(A) f (0) (B) f (1) (C) lim f (t) (D) f (∞)
x→∞
Ans. A
4 V. Suvitha, Department of Mathematics, SRMIST

z n (2z + 4)
20. φ(z) = has a pole of order
(z − 2)3
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) 4
Ans. C

Part - B (5 × 4=20 Marks)

Answer ANY FIVE Questions

21. Form the partial differential equation by eliminating f from z = xy + f (x2 + y 2 + z 2 ).

Sol: Given z = xy + f (x2 + y 2 + z 2 ).
Rewrite the given equation z − xy = f (x2 + y 2 + z 2 ).
Partially differentiate withrespect to x and y, we get
∂z 0 ∂z
− y = f (x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) 2x + 2z (1)
∂x  ∂x 
∂z 0 ∂z
and − x = f (x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) 2y + 2z (2)
∂y ∂y
p−y 0 ∂z
(1) ⇒ = f (x2 + y 2 + z 2 ), where p = (3)
2 (x + zp) ∂x
q−x 0 ∂z
(2) ⇒ = f (x2 + y 2 + z 2 ), where q = (4)
2 (y + zq) ∂y
p−y q−x
From (3) and (4), we get =
(x + zp) (y + zq)
⇒ (p − y)(y + zq) = (q − x)(x + zp)
⇒ py + pqz − y 2 − qyz = qx + pqz − x2 − pxz
Hence (y + xz)p − (yz + x)q = y 2 − x2 .

22. Find the half range Fourier sine series for f (x) = x in 0 < x < π.
P∞ 2 Rπ
Sol: Let f (x) = bn sin nx where bn = f (x) sin nxdx.
n=1 π0
 π
2 Rπ
     
2 − cos nx − sin nx 2 −π n
Now bn = x sin nxdx = x −1 = (−1) .
π0 π n n2 0 π n
∞ 2
(−1)n−1 sin nx.
P
Therefore x =
n=1 n

23. Write the one dimensional heat flow equation and all the possible solutions.
∂u ∂2u
Sol: one dimensional heat flow equation: = α2 2 and possible solutions are
 ∂t ∂x
(A e λx + B e−λx )C eα2 λ2 t


 1 1 1
2 λ2 t
u(x, t) = (A2 cos λx + B2 sin λx)C2 e−α


(A x + B )C
3 3 3

24. Find the Fourier sine transform of f (x) = e−ax , a > 0.

Sol:
r Z∞ r  ∞
−ax 2 −ax 2 e−ax
Fs (e ) = e sin sxdx = (−a sin sx − s cos sx)
π π a2 + s2 0
0
r
2 s
= .
π a2 + s 2
Solved University Question Papers-15MA201, SRMIST 5

25. Find Z− transform of rn cos nθ.

z
Proof: We know that Z {an } = if |z| > |a|. Taking a = reiθ
z − a
z z z
Z rn einθ =

iθ
= =
z − re z − r(cos θ + i sin θ) (z − r cos θ) − ir sin θ
z[(z − r cos θ) + ir sin θ]
⇒ Z [rn (cos nθ + i sin nθ)] =
[(z − r cos θ) − ir sin θ][(z − r cos θ) + ir sin θ]
z[(z − r cos θ) + ir sin θ]
= .
[(z − r cos θ)2 + sin2 θ]
z(z − r cos θ)
Equating real parts, we get z(rn cos nθ) = 2 if |z| > |r|.
z − 2zr cos θ + r2
 
−1 1
26. Find Z by convolution theorem.
(z − 1)(z − 2)
Sol: 
z2
  
−1 −1 1 1
Z =Z .
(z − 1)(z − 2) z−1 z−2
   
1 1
= Z −1 .Z −1
z−1 z−2
X n
n−1
= u(n − 1) ∗ 2 u(n − 1) = 1n−m .2m−1
m=1
2 n
= 1 + 2 + 2 + ... + 2
1 − 2n+1
= = 2n+1 − 1
1−2
27. Solve p2 + q 2 = x + y.
Sol: Given equation is separable type.
Therefore p2 − x = y − q 2 = a (say)
√ √
⇒ p = x + a and q = y − a.
We know that dz = pdx + qdy.
√ √
dz = x + adx + y − ady
2 2
Integrating, we have z = (x + a)3/2 + (y − a)3/2 + c. (1)
3 3
This is the complete integral.
Differentiating partially with respect to c in (1), we get 0=1 which is absurd.
Hence, there is no singular integral.
To find general integral, put c = f (a) in (1)
2 2
z = (x + a)3/2 + (y − a)3/2 + f (a). (2)
3 3
Differentiating partially with respect to a, we get
√ √ 0
0 = x + a − y − a + f (a). (3)
Eliminating a between (2) and (3), we get the general integral.

Part - C (5 × 12=60 Marks)

Answer ALL Questions
p
28. a. i. Solve z = px + qy + 1 + p2 + q 2 .
Sol: The given equation is Clairaut’s form.
√
Therefore the complete integral is z = ax + by + 1 + a2 + b2 . (1)
6 V. Suvitha, Department of Mathematics, SRMIST

Differentiating (1) w. r. to a and b, we get

1 −a
0 = x + (1 + a2 + b2 )1/2−1 .2a ⇒ x = √ (2)
2 1 + a2 + b2
1 −b
and 0 = y + (1 + a2 + b2 )1/2−1 .2b ⇒ y = √ (3)
2 1 + a2 + b2
a2 + b2 1
Now 1 − x2 − y 2 = 1 − 2 2
⇒ 1 − x2 − y 2 =
1+a +b 1 + a2 + b2
√ 1
⇒ 1 + a2 + b2 = p
1 − x2 − y 2
√ −x
(2) ⇒ a = −x 1 + a2 + b2 = p
1 − x2 − y 2
√ −y
(3) ⇒ b = −y 1 + a2 + b2 = p
1 − x2 − y 2
Substituting in (1), we get
x2 y2 1 1 − x2 − y 2
z = −p −p +p =p
2 2 1 − x2 − y 2 1 − x2 − y 2 1 − x2 − y 2
p 1−x −y
z = 1 − x2 − y 2 ⇒ z 2 = 1 − x2 − y 2 . Hence x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1.
p
Put b = f (a) in (1), we get z = ax + f (a)y + 1 + a2 + (f (a))2 (4)
Differentiate (4) with respect to a to get the general solution.
ii. Solve x(z 2 − y 2 )p + y(x2 − z 2 )q = z(y 2 − x2 ).
dx dy dz
Sol: The auxiliary equations are 2 2
= 2 2
= .
x(z − y ) y(x − z ) z(y − x2 )
2
Taking the Lagrange’s multipliers x, y, z, we get
xdx ydy zdz
2 2 2
= 2 2 2
= 2 2
x (z − y ) y (x − z ) z (y − x2 )
xdx + ydy + zdz xdx + ydy + zdz
Each is equal to P 2 2 2
=
x (z − y ) 0
Hence xdx + ydy + zdz = 0.
x2 y 2 z 2
Integrating, we get + + = a ⇒ x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 2a = a1
2 2 2
1 1 1
Also, taking the Lagrang’s multipliers , , , we get
x y z
dx dy dz
x y
2 2
= 2 = 2 z 2
z −y x − z2 y −x
dx dy dz dx dy dz
+ + + +
x y z x y z
Each is equal to P 2 2
=
(z − y ) 0
dx dy dz
Hence + + =0
x y z
Integrating, we get log x + log y + log z = log b ⇒ xyz = b.
Therefore, the general solution is φ(x2 + y 2 + z 2 , xyz) = 0.

(OR)
0 02
b. i. Solve (D2 − 2DD + D ) = cos(x − 3y).
0
Sol: The auxiliary equation is m2 − 2m + 1 = 0 where D = m, D = 1.
⇒ (m − 1)2 = 0 ⇒ m = 1, 1.
The complementary function (C.F.) is z = f1 (y + x) + xf2 (y + x).
Solved University Question Papers-15MA201, SRMIST 7

To find Particular intergral (P.I.):

1
P.I. = cos(x − 3y)
D2 − 2DD0 + D02 )
cos(x − 3y) 0 02
= repalce by D2 = −1, DD = −(−3), D = −(−32 )
−1 − 2(3) − 9
1
= − cos(x − 3y)
16
The complete solution is z = C.F. + P.I.
1
z = f1 (y + x) + xf2 (y + x) − cos(x − 3y).
02
16
ii. Solve (D2 − DD ) = ex+2y .
0
Sol: The auxiliary equation is m2 − 1 = 0 where D = m, D = 1.
⇒ m2 = 1 ⇒ m = −1, 1.
The complementary function (C.F.) is z = f1 (y − x) + f2 (y + x).
To find Particular intergral (P.I.):
1
P.I. = ex+2y
D2 − DD02
ex+2y 0
= repalce by D = 1, D = 2
1 − (1)(4)
1
= − ex+2y
3
The complete solution is z = C.F. + P.I.
1
z = f1 (y − x) + f2 (y + x) − ex+2y .
3

29. a. Find the Fourier series of f (x) = x + x2 in (−π, π) of periodicity 2π. Hence deduce
P 1 π2
that = .
n2 6
Sol: Given the function f (x) is neither even nor odd.
a0 ∞
P P∞
Let f (x) = + an cos nx + bn sin nx (1)
2 n=1 n=1
1 Rπ 1 Rπ 1 Rπ
where a0 = f (x)dx, an = f (x) cos nxdx and bn = f (x) sin nxdx.
π −π π −π π −π
To find a0 , an bn :
Zπ Zπ Zπ
1 2 1 1
a0 = (x + x )dx = xdx + x2 dx
π π π
−π −π −π
Zπ
2
=0+ x2 dx, since x is odd and x2 is even.
π
0
2π 2
=
3
8 V. Suvitha, Department of Mathematics, SRMIST

Zπ Zπ Zπ
1 2 1 1
an = (x + x ) cos nxdx = x cos nxdx + x2 cos nxdx
π π π
−π −π −π
Zπ
2
=0+ x2 cos nxdx, since x cos nx is odd
π
0
− sin nx π
      
2 2 sin nx − cos nx
= x − 2x +2
π n n n3 0
2 h cos nπ i
= 2π , since sin 0 = sin nπ = 0
π n
4(−1) n
=
n2
Zπ Zπ Zπ
1 2 1 1
bn = (x + x ) sin nxdx = x sin nxdx + x2 sin nxdx
π π π
−π −π −π
Zπ
2
= x sin nxdx + 0, since x2 sin nx is odd
π
0
− sin nx π
       
2 − cos nx 2 − cos nπ
= x −1 = π
π n n 0 π n
−2(−1)n
=
n
Substituting the values of a0 , an , bn in (1), weget
π2 ∞ 4 2
x + x2 = (−1)n 2 cos nx − sin nx
P
+
3 n=1 n n
Deduction: x = π is an end point in the range. Hence the value of the Fourier series
1 1
at x = π is equal to [f (π) + f (−π)] = [(π + π 2 ) + (−π + π 2 )] = π 2 .
2 2
π2 P∞ 4(−1)n
2 ⇒4
P∞ 1 2 2 ∞ 1
P π2
Hence + cos nπ = π = π . Therefore = .
3 n=1 n2 n=1 n
2 3 n=1 n
2 6

(OR)

b. Find the Fourier series upto second harmonic from the following data:
π 2π 4π 5π
x 0 π 2π
3 3 3 3
y 1 1.4 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.2 1

a0 P2 P2 2 P
Sol: Let f (x) = + an cos nx + bn sin nx where a0 = f (x),
2 n=1 n=1 m
2 P 2 P
an = f (x) cos nx and bn = f (x) sin nx.
m m
Solved University Question Papers-15MA201, SRMIST 9

x f (x) cos x sin x cos 2x sin 2x

0 1 1 0 1 0
π
1.4 0.5 0.866 -0.5 0.866
3
2π
1.9 -0.5 0.866 -0.5 -0.866
3
π 1.7 -1 0 1 0
4π
1.5 -0.5 -0.866 0.5 0.866
3
5π
1.2 0.5 -0.866 0.5 -0.866
3

1
Now a0 = [1 + 1.4 + 1.9 + 1.7 + 1.5 + 1.2] = 2.9
3
2P 1
a1 = f (x) cos x = [1 + 0.7 − 0.95 − 1.7 − 0.75 + 0.6] = −0.3667
6 3
2P 1
a2 = f (x) cos 2x = [1 − 0.7 − 0.95 + 1.7 − 0.75 − 0.6] = −0.1
6 3
2P 1
b1 = f (x) sin x = [0 + 1.2124 + 1.6454 + 0 − 1.299 − 1.0392] = 0.1732
6 3
2P 1
b2 = f (x) sin 2x = [0 + 1.2124 − 1.6454 + 1.299 − 1.0392] = −0.0577
6 3
Hence f (x) = 1.45 − 0.3667 cos x − 0.1 cos 2x + 0.1732 sin x − 0.0577 sin 2x.

30. a. A tightly stretched string with fixed end points x = 0 and x = l is initially at rest
in its equilibrium position. If it is set vibrating giving each point a velocity 3x(l − x),
find the displacement.
∂2u 2
2 ∂ u.
Sol. The displacement of the string y(x, t) is governed by = a
∂t2 ∂x2
The boundary conditions are
(i) y(0, t) = 0, t ≥ 0 (ii) y(l, t) = 0, t ≥ 0.
The initial conditions are  
∂y
(iii) y(x, 0) = 0, 0 ≤ x ≤ l (iv) = 3x(l − x), 0 ≤ x ≤ l.
∂t t=0
The proper solution is y(x, t) = (A cos λx + B sin λx)(C cos λat + D sin λat). (1)
Using boundary condition (i) in (1), A(C cos λat + D sin λat) = 0 ⇒ A = 0.
A = 0 in (1), we get y(x, t) = B sin λx(C cos λat + D sin λat). (2)
Applying the boundary condition (ii) in (2), B sin λl(C cos λat + D sin λat) = 0.
nπ
Since B 6= 0 and sin nl = 0 ⇒ λl = nπ ⇒ λ = .
l
nπ
λ= in (2), we get
l  
nπx nπat nπat
y(x, t) = B sin C cos + D sin . (3)
l l l
nπx
Using the initial condition (iii) in (3), we get B sin .C = 0
l
Since B 6= 0, C = 0.
nπx nπat
Therefore y(x, t) = B sin .D sin .
l l
∞
P nπx nπat
The most general solution is y(x, t) = Bn sin sin (4)
n=1 l l
Using initial condition (iv) in (4), we get
∂y ∞
P nπx nπat nπa
= Bn sin cos .
∂t n=1 l l l
10 V. Suvitha, Department of Mathematics, SRMIST

∞
 
∂y P nπa nπx
⇒ = Bn . sin = 3x(l − x)
∂t t=0 n=1 l l
This is half-range Fourier sine series. Therefore

Zl
nπa 2 nπx
Bn . = 3(lx − x2 ) sin dx
l l l
0
    l
 nπx  nπx nπx
6 − cos − sin  cos l 
= (lx − x2 )  l  − (l − 2x)  l  + (−2) 
nπ
 
l  n2 π 2   n3 π 3 
l l2 l3 0
3 3
 
6 l l
= −2 cos nπ. 3 3 + 2 3 3 , since sin 0 = sin nπ = 0
l n π n π
6 2l 3
= . [−(−1)n + 1]
l n3 π 3  2
12l2  24l if n is odd
n
= [1 − (−1) ] = n3 π 3
n3 π 3 
0 if n is even

24l3
Hence Bn = if n is odd.
n4 π 4 a
P 24l3 nπx nπat
Substituting the value of Bn in (4), we get y(x, t) = 4 4
sin sin .
n=odd n π a l l

(OR)

b. A rod of length l has its end A and B kept at 0◦ C and 100◦ C respectively until
steady state conditions prevail. If the temperature at B is reduced suddenly to 0◦ C
and kept so, while that of A is maintained, find the temperature u(x, t).
∂u ∂2u
Sol: The P.D.E. of one dimensional heat flow is = α2 2 . (1)
∂t ∂x
d2 u
In steady state, the P.D.E. becomes = 0. (2)
dx2
In steady state, the solution is u(x) = ax + b. (3)
The initial conditions are u(0) = 0 and u(l) = 100.
Using these conditions in (3), we obtain u(0) = 0 + b ⇒ b = 0 and
100 100
u(l) = la + b ⇒ 100 = la+ ⇒ a = . Therefore u(x) = .
l ◦
l
If the temperature at B is reduced to 0 C, then the temperature distribution changes
from steady state to unsteady state (transient state).
In transient state, the boundary conditions are
(i) u(0, t) = 0 for all t ≥ 0 (ii) u(l, t) = 0 for all t ≥ 0.
100
The initial condition is (iii) u(x, 0) = for 0 < x < l.
l 2 2
In transient state, the proper solution is u(x, t) = (A cos λx + B sin λx)e−α λ t . (4)
−α 2 λ2 t
Using (i) in (4), we get u(0, t) = 0 = Ae ⇒ A = 0.
−α 2 λ2 t
A = 0 in (4), u(x, t) = B sin λxe . (5)
2 2
Using (ii) in (5), we get u(l, t) = 0 = B sin lxe−α λ t .
Solved University Question Papers-15MA201, SRMIST 11

nπ
Since B 6= 0, sin lλ = 0 ⇒ lλ = nπ ⇒ λ = .
l
nπ nπx −α2 n2 π2 t/l2
λ= in (5), we get u(x, t) = B sin e .
l l
P∞ nπx −α2 n2 π2 t/l2
The most general solution is u(x, t) = Bn sin e . (6)
n=1 l
P∞ nπx 100
Using (iii) in (6), we get u(x, 0) = Bn sin = .
n=1 l l
This is a half range sine series. Therefore

Zl
2 100 nπx
Bn = sin dx
l l l
0
  l
 nπx  nπx
200   − cos l   − sin l 
= 2  x nπ − 1 
 n2 π 2  

l 
l l2 0
 2 
200 l
= 2 − cos nπ , since sin 0 = sin nπ = 0
l nπ
200
= (−1)n+1
nπ
Substituting the value of Bn in (6), we get
∞ 200 nπx −α2 n2 π2 t/l2
(−1)n+1 sin
P
u(x, t) = e .
n=1 nπ l
(
1 − |x|, for |x| < 1
31. a. Find the Fourier transform of f (x) = and hence prove that
0, for |x| > 1
R∞ sin x 4
 
π
dx = .
0 x 3
Sol:
Z∞ Z1
1 isx 1
F {f (x)} = √ f (x)e dx = √ (1 − |x|)eisx dx
2π 2π
−∞ −1
Z1
1
=√ (1 − |x|)(cos sx + i sin sx)dx
2π
−1
Z1
2
=√ (1 − x) cos sxdx + i.0, since (1 − |x|) sin sx is odd
2π
0

− cos sx 1
r     
2 sin sx
F {f (x)} = (1 − x) − (−1)
π s s2 0
r   
2 cos s  −1
= − 2 −
π s s2
r   r
2 1 − cos s 2 2 sin2 (s/2)
= = .
π s2 π s2
12 V. Suvitha, Department of Mathematics, SRMIST

R∞ R∞
By Parseval’s identity |F (s)|2 ds = |f (x)|2 dx
−∞ −∞
R∞ 2 4 sin4 (s/2) R1
⇒ . ds = (1 − |x|)2 dx
−∞ π s4 −1
8 R∞ sin4 (s/2) R1
⇒ .2 4
ds = 2 (1 − x)2 dx
π 0 s 0
s
Put t = ⇒ 2t = s. Therefore 2 dt = ds and t = 0 to t = ∞
2 1
8 R∞ sin4 t (1 − x)3 R∞ sin4 t

π
⇒ 4
.2dt = ⇒ 4
dt = .
π 0 (2t) −3 0 0 t 3

(OR)

R∞x2 dx
b. Using transform method to evaluate 2 2 2 2
.
0 (x + a )(x + b )
Sol: Consider f (x) = e−ax and g(x) = e−bx .
r Z∞ r  ∞
−ax 2 −ax 2 e−ax
Fc (e ) = e cos sxdx = (−a cos sx + s sin sx)
π π a2 + s2 0
0
r
2 a
= .
π a + s2
2
r
2 b
Similarly Gc (s) = . 2
π b + s2
R∞ R∞
Using Parseval’s identity Fc (s)Gc (s)ds = f (x)g(x)dx
0 0
2 R∞ ab R∞ −(a+b)x 2 R∞ ab 1
ds = e dx ⇒ ds =
π 0 (a2 + s2 )(b2 + s2 ) 0 π 0 (a2 + s2 )(b2 + s2 ) a + b
R∞ dx π
⇒ 2 + x2 )(b2 + x2 )
= .
0 (a 2ab(a + b)

32. a. i. Find Z(an ) and Z(n2 ).

Sol:
∞
X ∞
X
Z(an ) = an z −n = (az −1 )n
n=0 n=0
−1 −1 2
= 1 + az ) + (az −1 )3 + . . .
+ (az
a
= (1 − az −1 )−1 if <1
z
 −1
z−a z
= = if |z| > |a|
z z−a

To find Z n2 :

d
Z {n} = −z Z(1) by property
dz    
d z (z − 1).1 − z.1 z
Z {n} = −z = −z 2
= .
dz z − 1 (z − 1) (z − 1)2
Solved University Question Papers-15MA201, SRMIST 13

(z − 1)2 .1 − z.2(z − 1)
   
d z z(z + 1)
Z n2 = Z {n.n} = −z

= −z = .
dz (z − 1)2 (z − 1)4 (z − 1)3
z
ii. Using residues find the inverse Z− transform of .
(z − 1)(z − 2)
z
Sol: Given f (z) = .
(z − 1)(z − 2)
zn
f (z)z n−1 = has simple poles at z = 1 and z = 2.
(z − 1)(z
P − 2)
R is the sum of the residue of f (z)z n−1 .
P
Therefore f (n) = R where
zn
R1 = {Residue}z=1 = lim (z − 1) = −1 and
z→1 (z − 1)(z − 2)
zn
R2 = {Residue}z=2 = lim (z − 2) = 2n .
z→2 (z − 1)(z − 2)
Therefore f (n) = R1 + R2 = 2n − 1.

(OR)

b. Solve the equation yn+2 + 6yn+1 + 9yn = 2n , given y0 = y1 = 0 by using

Z− transform.
Sol: Taking Z -transform on both sides of the equation, we get
Z(y n
h n+2 ) + 6Z(yn+1
y i) + 9Z(yn ) = Z(2 ) z
1
z 2 Y (z) − y0 − + 6 [z(Y (z) − y0 )] + 9Y (z) =
z z−2
z z
⇒ (z 2 + 6z + 9)Y (z) = ⇒ Y (z) =
z−2 (z − 2)(z 2 + 6z + 9)
z
⇒ Y (z) = .
(z − 2)(z + 3)2
Y (z) has simple pole at z = 2 and pole of order 2 at z = −3.
R is the sum of the residue of Y (z)z n−1 .
P P
Therefore y(n) = R where
zn 2n
R1 = {Residue}z=2 = lim (z − 2) = and
z→2 (z − 2)(z + 3)2 25
d zn
R2 = {Residue}z=−3 = lim (z + 3)2
z→−3 dz (z − 2)(z + 3)2
n−1 n (−3)n 5n
 
(z − 2).nz − z .1
= lim = −1 .
z→−3 (z − 2)2  25 3
2n (−3)n 5n

Hence y(n) = + −1 .
25 25 3