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FC-TCR_and_TSC-TCR_Essay_Answer_With_Formulas

The document explains two types of Static VAR Compensators: FC-TCR and TSC-TCR. FC-TCR combines a fixed capacitor and a thyristor-controlled reactor for continuous control of reactive power, while TSC-TCR uses multiple thyristor switched capacitors for stepwise capacitive control and a TCR for fine-tuning inductive control. The TSC-TCR is noted for its lower losses and suitability for dynamic compensation compared to the FC-TCR.

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39 views

FC-TCR_and_TSC-TCR_Essay_Answer_With_Formulas

The document explains two types of Static VAR Compensators: FC-TCR and TSC-TCR. FC-TCR combines a fixed capacitor and a thyristor-controlled reactor for continuous control of reactive power, while TSC-TCR uses multiple thyristor switched capacitors for stepwise capacitive control and a TCR for fine-tuning inductive control. The TSC-TCR is noted for its lower losses and suitability for dynamic compensation compared to the FC-TCR.

Uploaded by

giradkarshruti840
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Explanation of FC-TCR and TSC-TCR Static VAR Compensators

1. FC-TCR (Fixed Capacitor - Thyristor Controlled Reactor)


Diagram:

Refer to Figure 5.18(a) from the source textbook (Raj Kamal - Embedded Systems).

Operation:

The FC-TCR consists of a fixed capacitor and a thyristor-controlled reactor (TCR) connected in

parallel. The capacitor generates constant capacitive VARs, while the TCR absorbs variable

inductive VARs. By adjusting the thyristor firing angle (alpha), the inductive current is controlled. At

alpha = 90°, the TCR is OFF, giving maximum capacitive output. As alpha decreases, inductive

VARs increase and reduce the net capacitive output. At alpha = 0°, the TCR is fully ON, potentially

leading to net inductive output.

Formula for TCR Current:

Ir(alpha) = k * (1 - (2 * alpha / pi) - (1 / pi) * sin(2 * alpha))

V-I Characteristics:

The V-I characteristic of the FC-TCR shows the net reactive power versus system voltage. It spans

both capacitive and inductive regions. Key terms include:

- ILmax: Maximum inductive current

- ICmax: Maximum capacitive current

- Vomax: Voltage limit for capacitor

- Vimax: Voltage limit for TCR

Refer to Figure 5.20 in the textbook.

Loss Characteristics:

The losses in FC-TCR are composed of:

- Capacitor losses (constant and small)

- Reactor losses (increase with current squared)

- Thyristor losses (increase nearly linearly with current)

Losses increase with inductive output and decrease with capacitive output. Even at zero output,
circulating current through the reactor causes standby losses of about 1% of rated output. Refer to

Figure 5.21 for the loss profile.

2. TSC-TCR (Thyristor Switched Capacitor - Thyristor Controlled Reactor)


Diagram:

Refer to Figure 5.22(a) in the textbook for the configuration.

Operation:

The TSC-TCR consists of multiple thyristor switched capacitor (TSC) branches and a single

thyristor-controlled reactor (TCR). TSCs provide capacitive VARs in discrete steps, while the TCR

absorbs surplus VARs for fine-tuning. This combination results in stepwise capacitive control and

smooth inductive control.

Formula for Net VAR Output:

Q = Qc (from TSCs) - QL(alpha) (from TCR)

V-I Characteristics:

The V-I curve is similar to that of FC-TCR. Capacitive control is stepwise due to TSCs, while

inductive control is continuous. Refer to Figure 5.26 for the detailed characteristic.

Loss Characteristics:

At or near zero output, losses are minimal. Losses increase in steps as TSC banks are added. TCR

losses vary between switching intervals. On average, losses increase with VAR output but remain

lower than those of FC-TCR, especially at low demand. Refer to Figure 5.27 for the loss curve.

Conclusion:

The FC-TCR provides continuous control but suffers from higher standby losses. The TSC-TCR,

with stepwise capacitive and continuous inductive control, offers lower losses and is better suited for

dynamic compensation in power systems.

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