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Pediatric Critical Care Text and Study Guide 2nd Edition Full Text Download

The 'Pediatric Critical Care Text and Study Guide, 2nd Edition' aims to equip pediatric critical care physicians with essential knowledge across various specialties to aid in certification and practical application. The text includes contributions from numerous experts and covers a wide range of topics related to pediatric critical care medicine. The editors express gratitude for the support received during the creation of this comprehensive resource, especially in light of challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
100% found this document useful (10 votes)
211 views14 pages

Pediatric Critical Care Text and Study Guide 2nd Edition Full Text Download

The 'Pediatric Critical Care Text and Study Guide, 2nd Edition' aims to equip pediatric critical care physicians with essential knowledge across various specialties to aid in certification and practical application. The text includes contributions from numerous experts and covers a wide range of topics related to pediatric critical care medicine. The editors express gratitude for the support received during the creation of this comprehensive resource, especially in light of challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Pediatric Critical Care Text and Study Guide, 2nd Edition

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V

Preface

The multidisciplinary nature of pediatric critical care medicine creates a con-


siderable challenge to those who seek to master the discipline. The knowledge
that the critical care pediatrician must possess encompasses aspects of many
different organ-based specialties. Our goal for this text is to help young critical
care physicians review and master fundamental principles of our specialty for
the purpose of achieving certification. In addition, we hope that the text will be
a practical resource for the practice of pediatric critical care incorporating con-
cepts of pathophysiology, therapeutic theory, and management principals.
We are indebted to our authors for their willingness to share their consider-
able expertise and contribute to this labor. We are grateful for their efforts and
their patience as we navigated the pitfalls in getting the work completed.
We hope that the text will help the practitioner achieve success in the prac-
tice of pediatric critical care medicine. The care of children is both a privilege
and a blessing. To care for children at their most vulnerable time cannot help
but provide the practitioner with awe for the beauty of life and the resilience of
the child’s spirit, a respect for the power of a parent’s love, and an appreciation
of the blessing of our own children’s health.

Steven E. Lucking, MD
Hershey, PA, USA
Acknowledgments

When we first began this endeavor years ago, we were told by many experi-
enced colleagues that putting together a quality textbook is a labor of love, a
greater truth has not been told. However, when we were told a second edition
would be so much easier than the first, that turned out to be not so true.
The work has been difficult at times, but always rewarding and worthwhile.
As editors, we are proud of the textbook, but clearly recognize that the project
would never have come to fruition without key individuals who have supported
us through this arduous process.
To our wives: Lynn, Tricia, Janet, and Peggy, who supported and guided us
throughout the entire project. Without their love, wisdom, and tireless sup-
port, this book would have never reached completion.
To our children, who serve as the inspiration and guiding force for each
of us.
To the authors of every chapter. Without their intellect, hard work, and
drive to teach, the dissemination of this important knowledge to the next gen-
eration of pediatric intensivists would not be possible. We particularly want to
thank our authors for their efforts during the late stages of the publication
when many of them assumed increased clinical and administrate duties in
response to the COVID-19 pandemic. On that note, the editors decided not to
include a separate section on the SARS CoV-2 virus and the pandemic as the
data was still in evolution and publication of an evidence based chapter would
have been premature.
Two additional special acknowledgements:
We want to thank and acknowledge our Co-editor, Dr. Steven Lucking.
After 35 years of service as a Pediatric Intensivist, Steve will be turning his
attention to travel, baseball, and serving as a pediatrician on medical missions.
Steve has been a foundational and transformative leader in the field of pediat-
ric critical care. He has been the quintessential bedside intensivist—shepherd-
ing our sickest children through the rigors of critical illness. He has served as a
mentor to many—always placing the academic achievements of his colleagues
above his own. Always an advocate, critical thinker, and most importantly a
selfless friend.
Lastly, my wife Lynn Maffei, who during the writing of the second edition,
developed a health crisis. She has been the model of courage, perseverance, and
faithfulness. Our love can and will overcome all.
»» God watches over small children and fools…he has us all covered.
Frank A. Maffei, MD
Robert F. Tamburro, MD, MSc
Arno L. Zaritsky, MD
Steven E. Lucking, MD
VII

Contents

Volume I

I Essential Physiologic Principles


1  enomics and Genetic Predisposition to Critical Illness in the
G
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������   3
Mary K. Dahmer and Michael W. Quasney

2  xygen Delivery and Oxygen Consumption in Pediatric


O
Critical Care��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������   27
Juan A. Gutierrez and Andreas A. Theodorou

3 Endothelial Interactions and Coagulation ������������������������������������������������������   55


Trung C. Nguyen and Joseph A. Carcillo

4 The Inflammatory Response��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������   77


Mark W. Hall

5 Nutrition in Critical Illness������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 105


Margaret A. Satchell

6 Pharmacology �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 123


Robert P. Kavanagh, Lindsay C. Trout, and Gretchen L. Brummel

II Respiratory
7 Pulmonary Structure and Function���������������������������������������������������������������������� 155
Jonathan Spahr

8  undamentals of Gas Exchange and the Assessment


F
of Oxygenation and Ventilation������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 173
John S. Sullivan and Toah Nkromah Alafita

9 Upper Airway Obstruction������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 193


Steven E. Lucking

10 Severe Asthma�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 219


Ronald Wong and Frank A. Maffei

11 Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ������������������������������������������ 251


Garrett Keim and Nadir Yehya
Contents
VIII

12 Conventional Mechanical Ventilation ���������������������������������������������������������������� 273


Guillaume Emeriaud, Christopher Newth, Robinder Khemani,
and Philippe Jouvet

13 Nonconventional Mechanical Ventilation�������������������������������������������������������� 313


Michael D. Dettorre

III Cardiovascular
14 Hemodynamics������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 333
Scott A. Hagen, Awni M. Al-Subu, Nathan Thompson,
and Timothy E. Corden

15 Regional Circulations ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 367


Arno L. Zaritsky, Demetri Yannopoulos, and Vinay M. Nadkarni

16 Assessment of Cardiovascular Function������������������������������������������������������������ 413


Frank A. Maffei

17 Circulatory Failure/Shock�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 469


Stephen Pfeiffer and Hector R. Wong

18 Disorders of Cardiac Rhythm������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 493


C. James Smith and William G. Harmon

19 Postoperative Cardiac Care���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 523


Orkun Baloglu, William Hanna, and Mohammed Hamzah

20 Cardiovascular Agents�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 559


Frank A. Maffei, Jennifer E. L. Diep, and Arno L. Zaritsky

21 Mechanical and Electrical Myocardial Support �������������������������������������������� 607


Adrian D. Zurca, Duane C. Williams, Jason R. Imundo,
and Gary D. Ceneviva

IV Central and Peripheral Nervous System


22  entral and Peripheral Nervous Systems: Development,
C
Structure, and Function������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 639
Daniel J. Rogers, Kiran M. Sargar, and Frank A. Maffei

23  hysiology of Skeletal Muscle and the Neuromuscular


P
Junction���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 677
Michael T. Davis and Michael P. Eaton

24 Assessment of Neurologic Function �������������������������������������������������������������������� 689


Elizabeth E. Scarlett and Jill M. Gotoff
IX
Contents

25  erebral Resuscitation and Traumatic and Hypoxic-­Ischemic


C
Brain Injury �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 729
Ericka L. Fink, Alicia K. Au, Dennis Simon, Patrick M. Kochanek,
and Robert S. B. Clark

26 Neurological Diseases in Pediatric Critical Care ������������������������������������������ 767


Anne Marie Morse, Michael J. Bell, and Frank A. Maffei

27 Sedation and Analgesia������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 797


Richard L. Lambert and Frank A. Maffei

28 Neuromuscular Blockade�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 831


Michael T. Davis and Michael P. Eaton

V Renal and Electrolyte


29 Overview, Structure, and Function of the Nephron ���������������������������������� 863
George J. Schwartz and Megan Rashid

30 Fluid/Electrolyte/Acid-Base Abnormalities ���������������������������������������������������� 911


Michael L. Moritz

31 Acute Kidney Injury �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 955


William S. Varade and Elif Erkan

32 Renal Replacement Therapies���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 983


Timothy E. Bunchman

Volume II

VI Infectious Disease
33 Acute Pulmonary Infections�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1003
Karen S. Powers and Erin E. Barker

34 Sepsis���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1035
Erin Carlton, Angela Lorts, Thomas P. Shanley, and Timothy T. Cornell

35 Overwhelming Infections in Pediatric Critical Care������������������������������������ 1059


Swathi Gowtham, Raghuveer Puttagunta, and Jennifer Vodzak

36 Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome ������������������������������������������������������������ 1085


Nikoleta S. Kolovos

37 Healthcare-Associated Infections�������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1105


Elise W. van der Jagt and S. Rhodes Proctor Short
Contents
X

VII Hematology
38 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation���������������������������������������������������������� 1147
Robert F. Tamburro, Ahmad Al-Huniti, Mariella Vargas-Gutierrez,
Jorge Gonzalez Ulloa, and Leonardo R. Brandão

39 Oncological Critical Care Considerations in Children ������������������������������ 1167


Arun Saini and Swati Karmarkar

40  are of the Critically Ill Pediatric Hematopoietic Cell


C
Transplant Patient������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 1207
Sajad Jawad Khazal, Dristhi Ragoonanan, Janet Hume,
Courtney Marie Rowan, and Kris Michael Mahadeo

41 Transfusion Medicine ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1243


Suzie A. Noronha and Jill M. Cholette

VIII Gastrointestinal
42 Acute Liver Injury and Failure in Children�������������������������������������������������������� 1289
Richard L. Lambert

IX Endocrine and Metabolic


43 Critical Care Endocrinology �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1317
Kecha A. LynShue, Mabel Yau, and Mark A. Sperling

44 Metabolic Crises���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1351


Kevin A. Strauss

X Special Topics and Populations


45 Trauma/Burn������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 1399
Brett W. Engbrecht and Robert E. Cilley

46 Toxicology for the Pediatric Intensivist�������������������������������������������������������������� 1425


Steven J. Crellin and L. Eugene Daugherty

47 The Approach to the Critically Ill Infant ������������������������������������������������������������ 1461


Frank A. Maffei and Tessy A. Thomas

48 Child Abuse �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1491


Caroline L. S. George
XI
Contents

49 Palliative Care in Pediatric Critical Care ������������������������������������������������������������ 1513


Markita L. Suttle, Tammara L. Jenkins, Robert F. Tamburro,
and Kathleen L. Meert

50  utcome-Based Clinical Decision-Making in Pediatric


O
Critical Illness���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1535
Steven E. Lucking

51 Biostatistics and Evaluating Published Studies�������������������������������������������� 1569


Ron W. Reeder, Russell Banks, and Richard Holubkov

Supplementary Information
 Index�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1597
XIII

Contributors

Toah Nkromah Alafita, DO


Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Goryeb Children’s
Hospital, Atlantic Health System, Morristown, NJ, USA
Ahmad Al-Huniti, MD
Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of
Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
[email protected]
Awni M. Al-Subu, MD
Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wis-
consin School of Medicine and Public Health, American Family Children’s
Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
[email protected]
Alicia K. Au, MD, MS
Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Anesthesiology, Pediatrics and Clini-
cal and Translational Science, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Uni-
versity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children’s Hospital of
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
[email protected]
Orkun Baloglu, MD
Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Children’s
and Pediatric Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of
Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
[email protected]
Russell Banks
Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
Erin E. Barker, MD
Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and
Dentistry, Golisano Children’s Hospital, Rochester, NY, USA
[email protected]
Michael J. Bell, MD
Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children’s National Hospital, Washington,
DC, USA
Leonardo R. Brandão, MD, MSc
Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of
Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
[email protected]
Gretchen L. Brummel, PharmD, BCPPS
Vizient Pharmacy Advisory Solutions, Vizient, Inc., Irving, TX, USA
[email protected]
Timothy E. Bunchman, MD
Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Children’s Hospital of Richmond at VCU, Richmond, VA, USA
[email protected]
Contributors
XIV

Joseph A. Carcillo, MD
Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Uni-
versity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of
UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
[email protected]
Erin Carlton, MD
Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, C.S. Mott Children’s Hos-
pital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
[email protected]
Gary D. Ceneviva, MD
Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Health
Children’s Hospital, Hershey, PA, USA
[email protected]
Jill M. Cholette, MD
Pediatric Critical Care Medicine and Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics,
University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Chil-
dren’s Hospital, Rochester, NY, USA
[email protected]
Robert E. Cilley, MD
Penn State Health Children’s Hospital/Penn State College of Medicine, Her-
shey, PA, USA
[email protected]
Robert S. B. Clark, MD
Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics and Clinical and Transla-
tional Science, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pitts-
burgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of
UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
[email protected]
Timothy E. Corden, MD
Pediatric Special Needs Program/Complex Care Medicine, Department of
Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin,
Milwaukee, WI, USA
[email protected]
Timothy T. Cornell, MD
Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lucile
Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford, Palo Alto, CA, USA
[email protected]
Steven J. Crellin, DO
Geisinger Medical Center, Janet Weis Children’s Hospital, Danville, PA, USA
[email protected]
Mary K. Dahmer, PhD
Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of
Michigan, C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
[email protected]
L. Eugene Daugherty, MD
Novant Health Hemby Children’s Hospital, Charlotte, NC, USA
[email protected]
XV
Contributors

Michael T. Davis, MD
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of
Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
[email protected]
Michael D. Dettorre, DO
Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children – Philadel-
phia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
[email protected]
Jennifer E. L. Diep, MD
Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Geisinger Medical
Center, Janet Weis Children’s Hospital, Danville, PA, USA
Michael P. Eaton, MD
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of
Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
[email protected]
Guillaume Emeriaud, MD PhD
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine,
Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
[email protected]
Brett W. Engbrecht, MD, MPH
Peyton Manning Children’s Hospital at St. Vincent, Indianapolis, IN, USA
[email protected]
Elif Erkan, MD, MS
Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati,
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
[email protected]
Ericka L. Fink, MD, MS
Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics and Clinical and Transla-
tional Science, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pitts-
burgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of
UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
[email protected]
Caroline L. S. George, MD
University of Minnesota Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric
Critical Care Medicine and Otto Bremer Trust Center for Safe and Healthy
Children, Minneapolis, MN, USA
[email protected]
Jill M. Gotoff, MD
Department of Pediatrics, Geisinger Medical Center, Janet Weis Children’s
Hospital, Danville, PA, USA
[email protected]
Swathi Gowtham, MD
Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Geisinger Medical
Center, Janet Weis Children’s Hospital, Danville, PA, USA
[email protected]
Juan A. Gutierrez, MD, FAAP
Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Goryeb Children’s Hospital, Morristown,
NJ, USA
[email protected]
Contributors
XVI

Scott A. Hagen, MD
Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wis-
consin School of Medicine and Public Health, American Family Children’s
Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
[email protected]
Mark W. Hall, MD, FCCM
Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide
Children’s Hospital and The Ohio State University College of Medicine,
Columbus, OH, USA
[email protected]
Mohammed Hamzah, MD
Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Children’s
and Pediatric Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of
Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
[email protected]
William Hanna, MD
Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Children’s
and Pediatric Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of
Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
[email protected]
William G. Harmon, MD
Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Vir-
ginia School of Medicine, UVA Children’s Hospital, Charlottesville, VA, USA
[email protected]
Richard Holubkov
Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
[email protected]
Janet Hume, MD, PhD
Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Uni-
versity of Minnesota School of Medicine, University of Minnesota Masonic
Children’s Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
[email protected]
Jason R. Imundo, MD
Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Health
Children’s Hospital, Hershey, PA, USA
[email protected]
Elise W. van der Jagt, MD, MPH
Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of
Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Children’s Hospital,
Rochester, NY, USA
[email protected]
Tammara L. Jenkins, MSN, RN, PCNS-BC
Pediatric Trauma and Critical Illness Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD),
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
[email protected]
Philippe Jouvet, MD PhD
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine,
Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
[email protected]
XVII
Contributors

Swati Karmarkar, MD
Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of
Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
[email protected]
Robert P. Kavanagh, MD
Pediatric Critical Care, Penn State Hershey Children’s Hospital, Hershey, PA,
USA
[email protected]
Garrett Keim, MD
Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Phil-
adelphia, PA, USA
[email protected]
Sajad Jawad Khazal, MD
Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular
Therapy, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Children’s
Cancer Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
[email protected]
Robinder Khemani, MD MsCI
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospi-
tal Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Keck School of
Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
[email protected]
Patrick M. Kochanek, MD
Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Anesthesiology, Pediatrics and Clini-
cal and Translational Science, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Uni-
versity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children’s Hospital of
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
[email protected]
Nikoleta S. Kolovos, MD
Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St.
Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
[email protected]
Richard L. Lambert, M.D.
Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Geisinger Medical
Center, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Janet Weis Children’s
Hospital, Danville, PA, USA
[email protected]
Angela Lorts, MD
Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cin-
cinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
[email protected]
Steven E. Lucking, MD
Penn State Hershey Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine,
Hershey, PA, USA
Kecha A. LynShue, MD
Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Atrium Health Cabarrus,
Jeff Gordon Children’s Hospital, Concord, NC, USA
[email protected]
Contributors
XVIII

Frank A. Maffei, MD
Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Janet Weis
Children’s Hospital, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, USA
Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA, USA
[email protected]
Kris Michael Mahadeo, MD, MPH
Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular
Therapy, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Children’s
Cancer Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
[email protected]
Kathleen L. Meert, MD
Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan
University, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
[email protected]; [email protected]
Michael L. Moritz, MD
Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh
School of Medicine, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,
USA
[email protected]
Anne Marie Morse, DO
Department of Child Neurology, Janet Weis Children’s Hospital, Geisinger,
Danville, PA, USA
[email protected]
Vinay M. Nadkarni, MD
Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical
Care, Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, The
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
[email protected]
Christopher Newth, MD ChB FRCPC
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospi-
tal Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Keck School of
Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
[email protected]
Trung C. Nguyen, MD
Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of
Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID) at the
Michael E. DeBakey Veteran Administration Medical Center, Houston, TX,
USA
[email protected]
Suzie A. Noronha, MD
Pediatric Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester
School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Children’s Hospital, Rochester,
NY, USA
[email protected]
Stephen Pfeiffer, MD
Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cin-
cinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center,
Cincinnati, OH, USA
[email protected]

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