Roll Number −¿ 234103420

Assignment 01

It is given that ⃗
OC=
[ 29] and ⃗
OD=
[−316]
Ans 01:

Let ⃗
OE =
[−125] . To determine that [−125] is a linear combination of ⃗
OC and ⃗
OD we solve the system
of linear equations:

a
[ 29]+b [−316]=[−125] , where a and b are scalars.

The equations 2 a−3 b=−1 and 9 a+ 16 b=25 give a=1 and b=1.

∴⃗
OEcan be written as a linear combination of ⃗
OC and ⃗
OD as ⃗
OE =1× ⃗
OC +1× ⃗
OD .

Ans 02:

The vectors ⃗
OC and ⃗
OD are linearly independent because the only solution to the system of linear
equations

a
[ 29]+b [−316]=0 , Is when a=b=0.

∴ The span of {⃗
OC , ⃗
OD } will be the vector space R 2.

Ans 03:

It is given that the set {u+ v , u−v } is linearly independent, ∴ we can write:

c ( u+v ) + d ( u−v )=0, where scalars c=d=0.

Upon simplifying the above equation, we get,

( c +d ) u+ ( c−d ) v=0 .
We can write the above equation in the form:

a u+ b v=0, where a=( c +d )=0 and b=( c−d )=0

Therefore, the set {u , v } are linearly independent if and only if {u+ v , u−v } is linearly
independent.
Ans 04:

[ ]
x−y
(a) T ([ ])
x
y
→ x+ y
2x

Assuming u and v are two vectors in R 2 as u= [ uu 12] v=[ vv 12]

,

[ ][ ]
( u 1+ v 1 )−(u 2+ v 2) ( u 1−u 2 ) + ( v 1−v 2 )
Now, T ( u+ v )=T
u
[1+v 1
u 2+v 2 ]
= (u 1+ v 1 ) + ( u 2+ v 2 ) = ( u 1+u 2 ) + ( v 1+ v 2 )
2(u 1+ v 1) 2 ( u 1+ v 1 )

[ ]
u 1−u 2
[ ]
T ( u )=T u 1 = u 1+u 2
u2
2 (u1)

][ ]
v 1−v 2
[
T ( v )=T v 1 = v 1+v 2
v2
2(v 1)

([ ]) [ ]
x−y
x
∴ We can see that → T ( u+ v )=T ( u )+T ( v ) , Hence T → x+ y follows additive property.
y
2x

Now,

]) [ ][ ][ ]
C ( u 1 )−C (u 2 ) C (u 1−u 2 ) ( u1−u 2 )
( [ ]) ([
T ( Cu )=T C u 1 =T
u2
C (u 1 )
C (u 2 )
= C ( u 1 ) +C ( u 2 ) = C ( u1+u 2 ) =C ( u 1+ u2 )
2 C ( u 1) C ( 2 ×u 1 ) ( 2 ×u 1 )

∴ T ( Cu )=C ×T (u)
Similarly,

T ( Cv )=C × T (v )

[ ]
x−y
∴ We can see that T ([ ])
x
y
→ x+ y follows homogeneity property.
2x

[ ]
x−y
Hence the transformation T ([ ])
x
y
→ x+ y is a linear transformation.
2x
(b) T
([ xy ]) →[ x+y +2y ]
We see that the given transformation transforms origin [ 00] [ 02]
to and hence it is not a linear

transformation.

Ans 05:

Since the transformation T : R 2 → R 2 rotates the vector space by 45 ° , therefore it transforms

î to [ cos(45 °)
sin( 45 °) ]
and ^j to
−sin( 45 °)
cos(45 °) [
.
]
Now, ⃗
OC=
[ 29] ; ⃗
OD=
−3
[ 16 ]
Therefore,

T (⃗
OC )=2
[ cos ( 45 ° )
sin ( 45 ° ) ] [
+9
cos ( 45 ° )
=
][ ]
−sin ( 45 ° ) −4.97
7.81

T (⃗
OD ) =−3
[ cos ( 45° )
] [
sin ( 45 ° )
+ 16
][
−sin ( 45 ° ) −13.49
cos ( 45° )
=
9.23 ]

Ans 06:

Since the transformation T : R 2 → R 2 shears the vector space by a factor of 2 along X axis, therefore

it transforms î to [ 10] and ^j to [ 21] .

Now, ⃗
OC=
[ 29] ⃗
OD=
;[−316]
Therefore,

T (⃗
1 2
OC )=2 + 9 =
0 1
20
9 [] [][ ]
 T (⃗
1
[] [][ ]
2
OD ) =−3 +16 =
0 1
29
16

Ans 07:

Given that T : R 2 → R 2 transforms î to [ 11] and ^j to [ 47 ]

.

Therefore,

T (⃗
OC )=2
[ 11]+ 9[ 47 ]=[ 3865]
T (⃗
1
[] [][ ]
4
OD ) =−3 +16 =
1 7
61
109

The span of the set {T (⃗

OC ) , T (⃗
OD ) } will be R 2 because they are linearly independent.

Ans 08:

Given that T : R 2 → R 2 transforms î to [ 21] and ^j to [ 0.51 ] .

Therefore,

T (⃗
2
[] [ ][ ]
OC )=2 + 9
1
1
0.5
=
13
6.5

T (⃗
OD ) =−3
[ 21]+16 [ 0.51 ]=[ 105]
We can observe that [ 6.513 ]=1.3[ 105] →T (⃗
OC )=1.3 T ( ⃗
OD )

∴The span of the set {T (⃗

O C ) , T (⃗
OD ) } will be R 1 because they are linearly dependent.

Ans 09:
 [] []
4 0
Given that T : R 2 → R .3 transforms []
1
0
to −1 and
2
0
1 []
to 2 .
3

Therefore,

[ ] [][ ]
4 0 −12
T
([ ])
−3
5
=−3 −1 +5 2 = 13 .
2 3 9

Ans 10:

The list of the displacement vectors of five aircrafts is given as:

A1=5 ⃗x + 4 ⃗y +3 ⃗z

A2=6 ⃗x +5 ⃗y + 4 ⃗z

A3 =9 ⃗x +3 ⃗y +1 ⃗z

A 4=4 ⃗x + 4 ⃗y +3 ⃗z

A5 =4 ⃗x +5 ⃗y +3 ⃗z

Since they make a right turn of 30 ° about z axis, therefore in the transformed vector space, î lands

[ ] [ ] []
cos ( 30 ° ) −sin ( 30 ° ) 0
^
to sin ( 30 ° ) , j lands to cos ( 30 ° ) and ^z remains at 0 . ∴ the transformation matrix is:
0 0 1

[ ]
cos ( 30° ) −sin ( 30 ° ) 0
T = sin (30 ° ) cos ( 30 ° ) 0
0 0 1

Now the transformed displacement vectors:

T (A ¿¿ 1)=2.330 ⃗x + 5.964 ⃗y +3 ⃗z ¿
T (A ¿¿ 2)=2.696 ⃗x +7.330 ⃗y+ 4 ⃗z ¿
T (A ¿¿ 3)=6.294 ⃗x +7.098 ⃗y +1 ⃗z ¿
T (A ¿¿ 4)=1.464 ⃗x +5.464 ⃗y +3 ⃗z ¿
T (A ¿¿ 5)=0.964 ⃗x +6.330 ⃗y +3 ⃗z ¿

The following answers are in context to GeoGebra files uploaded in the ‘234103420.rar’ file.

Ans 11:

The three linearly independent vectors chosen in R 3 are:

 [] [ ] []
1 −1 0
u⃗ = 2 ; ⃗v = 2 ; ⃗
w= 0 ;
0 1 2

r⃗ denotes the linear combination of u⃗ , ⃗v and ⃗

w.
Since they are linearly independent, their span will be R 3.

a , b anc c are variable scalars that help the r⃗ to span the R 3 in GeoGebra.
Ans 12:

The two linearly independent vectors chosen in R 3 are:

[] []
1 1
⃗p= 2 ∧⃗q = 0
3 4

r⃗ denotes the linear combination of⃗p and q⃗ .

Since they are linearly independent, their span will be R 2.
Ans 14:

The set S= { v .u . w } of three linearly independent vectors is chosen such that:

[] [] []
2 1 0
v= 0 ,u= 2 ∧w= 1 .
0 0 3

⃗v 1 denotes the linear combination of v , u and w .

We know the rotation matrices about x axis and z axis are:

[ ] [ ]
1 0 0 cosθ −sinθ 0
X = 0 cosθ −sinθ and Z= −sinθ cosθ 0
0 sinθ cosθ 0 0 1

These rotate any vector in R 3 by an angleθ about x and z axis respectively.

We need to rotate the vector space first by 45 ° about x -axis and then by 30 ° about z -axis.

∴ The transformation matrix will be T =Z30 X 45 , where the subscripts denote the angles in degrees.
Then the transformed vector ⃗v 1t ¿ T ⃗v 1.

In the figure above, the black points represent the the original vector space (span(S)) and the red
points represent the transformed vector space, which is the span of { T ( v ) ,T ( u ) ,T ( w ) } .

Ans 15:

Let set S={l ,m . n } of three linearly independent vectors is chosen such that:
 [] [] []
2 2 1
l= 1 , m= 3 , n= 3
3 1 2

u⃗ denotes the linear combination of l , m and n

A suitable exapmle of transformation function T : R 3→ R 2 can be:

T=
[12 1 3
3 4 ]
T will tranform any vector u⃗ which is in R 3 to R 2. Let o⃗ be the transformed vector of u⃗ , hence o⃗ will
lie in R 2.

In the figure above the Span(S) is shown by black points and the Span of {T ( l ) , T ( m ) , T (n)} is
shown by red ponts.