Department of Electrical Engineering

Faculty Member: _Mughees Ahmed__ Dated: _28 January, 2025_​

Semester: 2 Section: 14-C

EE-221: Digital Logic Design

Lab 1: FAM of Basic gates and ICs

PLO4/CLO4 PLO4/CLO4 PLO5/CLO5 PLO8/CLO6 PLO9/CLO7

Name Reg. No Viva / Lab Analysis Modern Ethics and Individual Total
Performanc of data in Tool Usage Safety and Team marks
e Lab Report Work Obtained

5 Marks 5 Marks 5 Marks 5 Marks 5 Marks 25 Marks

Muhammad Muaz 500953
Aamir Khan

Muhammad Saad 521082

Rehman

Muhammad Shaheer 507577

Mustafa

EE-221: Digital Logic DesignPage 1

Pre-Lab Tasks:​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (5 marks)

1.​ Read the topic Integrated Circuits (2.9) from your course book and answer the following questions:​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Digital ICs can be categorized according to the complexity of their circuits usually termed as scale
integration. The following are the six major categories. Give their full names and range of gates available in
each of them.

Category Full Name Range of Gates Available

SSI Small Scale Integration Few gates (typically 1 to 10 gates per IC)

MSI Medium Scale Integration Several gates (10 to 100 gates per IC)

LSI Large Scale Integration Hundreds of gates (100 to 1000 gates per IC)

VLSI Very Large Scale Integration Thousands of gates (1000 to 10000 gates per IC)

ULSI Ultra Large Scale Integration Millions of gates (10000 to 1000000 gates per IC)

GSI Giant Scale Integration More than millions of gates per IC

2.​ Another categorization is with respect to the Logic Families of Digital ICs. The seven of
these are listed below. Give their full name and give their utilization in terms of speed,
power etc. (e.g. Low Power, High Speed).​​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Logic Full Name Utilization

Family
RTL Resistor-Transistor Logic Low speed, low power, used in early digital circuits.
DTL Diode-Transistor Logic Moderate speed, moderate power, used in older
digital circuits.
ECL Emitter-Coupled Logic Very high speed, high power, used in high-speed
applications like communications.

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 TTL Transistor-Transistor Logic Moderate speed, moderate power, widely used in
general-purpose digital circuits
CMOS Complementary Low power, moderate speed, used in modern digital
Metal-Oxide-Semiconducto circuits for high efficiency
r
IIL Integrated Injection Logic Moderate speed, lower power, used in integrated
circuits with fewer transistors
BiCMOS Bipolar CMOS High speed, low power, combines the benefits of both
Bipolar and CMOS technologies, used in
high-performance applications.

3.​ Differentiate b/w Fan In and Fan Out of an IC.​

Aspect Fan In Fan Out

Definition The number of input signals The number of output signals that
that a logic gate can accept can be driven by a single output.
Application Determines the complexity of Defines how many gates or
the logic gate. devices can be connected to a
single output.
Range Typically, Fan-In ranges from 2 Fan-Out can range from 1 to 10 or
to 8 for most gates. more, depending on the IC.
Limitation More inputs can make logic Too high Fan-Out can affect the
gates more prone to delays and integrity of the output signal.
errors.
Example A 2-input AND gate has a Fan A gate with a Fan Out of 3 can
In of 2 drive 3 other gates.
​ ​ ​ ​

EE-221: Digital Logic DesignPage 3

IC Pin Numbers:

TOP VIEW
Most of the ICs have a Notch (or sometimes a dot) to denote the start of the PIN numbering. Place the IC such that
the Notch is on left side, then the lower left PIN is numbered 1 and the numbering continues in the anticlockwise
direction.
Datasheet:

The information about any IC (its number of pins and gates inside it) can be found by simply searching by its name
on internet. The document containing information about the IC is called its datasheet. Different manufacturers of
these chips have this information on their sites.

4.​ Show the correct pin numbering and connection of gates inside these blank chips with the help of their
datasheets. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

7404:

EE-221: Digital Logic DesignPage 4

7404:​​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 7408:

7432:

5.​ Mention the manufacturer whose datasheet you consulted.

IC MANUFACTURER OF DATASHEET
SN74 LS08n Free Scale Semiconductor
SN74HC32n ON Semiconductor
SN74LS04n ON Semiconductor
​ ​

EE-221: Digital Logic DesignPage 5

Lab Task ​ ​ (5 Marks)

Verify the functioning of the following ICs:

7408

7432

7404

Procedure

1.​ Make a schematic layout diagram in the space provided below, showing ICs pin numbers and
their connections to form the logic circuit.
2.​ Plug in all ICs in bread board and power the ICs providing ground and VCC=5V to appropriate
pins. The ground pin is to be connected first and then any other connections are made.
3.​ By looking at pin configuration apply input signals from a switch on logic lab. Connect the output
to LED for display. The operation of circuit is verified and results to be shown to teacher or Lab
Asst. For trouble shooting of circuit use the logic probe provided in the lab.
4.​ Make the truth tables in the space provided below:

AND Gate:

IN1 IN2 IN1 AND IN2

0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1

OR Gate:

IN1 IN2 IN1 OR IN2

0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1

EE-221: Digital Logic DesignPage 6

NOT Gate:

IN1 NOT IN1

0 1
1 0

5.​ Mention the full name of each IC provided to you with the help of its datasheet and explain the
naming convention (You should be able to get this information from internet). ​

Example: Quad 2-Input AND Gates​ SN74 LS08P

SN Standard Prefix of TEXAS INSTRUMENT
Quad refers to 4 AND gates
74 refers to commercial grade IC
LS means Low Power Schottky
P Plastic Dual in-Line Package
08 refers to AND gate

SN74 LS08n (Quad 2-Input AND Gate)

SN Standard Prefix of TEXAS INSTRUMENT

Quad refers to 4 AND gates
74 refers to commercial grade IC
LS means Low Power Schottky
08 refers to AND gate
n represents the package type, often a Dual In-line Package (DIP)

SN74HC32n (Quad 2-Input OR Gate)

SN Standard Prefix of TEXAS INSTRUMENT

EE-221: Digital Logic DesignPage 7

74 refers to commercial grade IC

HC Stands for High-Speed CMOS technology, which means faster and more efficient operation

32 Function identifier, refers to a Quad 2-Input OR Gate

n represents the package type, often a Dual In-line Package (DIP)

SN74LS04n (Hex Inverter (six independent NOT gates))

SN Standard Prefix of TEXAS INSTRUMENT

74 refers to commercial grade IC

LS means Low Power Schottky, offers faster switching and lower power consumption

04 Function identifier, refers to a Hex Inverter, meaning it contains six NOT gates in a single
package

n represents the package type, often a Dual In-line Package (DIP)

Fill in the blanks

1.​ The ICs in 7400 series are based on TTL (Transistor-Transistor Logic) logic family?

2.​ The commercial grade IC is denoted by SN prefix.

3.​ The military grade IC is denoted by 54 prefix.

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 Schematic:

Hardware implementation:

EE-221: Digital Logic DesignPage 9

AND Gate (SN74LS08n)

Inputs = 0 0

Inputs = 0 1

Inputs = 1 0

EE-221: Digital Logic DesignPage 10

Inputs = 1 1

EE-221: Digital Logic DesignPage 11

SN74HC32n (OR Gate)

Inputs = 0 0

Inputs = 0 1

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Inputs = 1 0

Inputs = 1 1

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SN74LS04n (NOT gates)

Inputs = 1

Inputs = 0

EE-221: Digital Logic DesignPage 14

Observations/Comments:
In this lab, we were introduced to using breadboards to create prototypes. And all of the related
theory behind designing circuits on breadboards and other theory knowledge from the book for e.g
we learned some technical terms and learned how to identify ICs.

Practically we learned a lot of things like how to ground, power and use ICs based upon their
nodes. Countless little things like the fact that the trainer uses red light to represent 1 and green to
represent 0 were learned.

Some of our pre-existing knowledge like the creation of truth tables was also utilized. And we
learned how to use a new software called ISIS proteus software to create digital simulations of
circuits through icon based gates.

Primarily, this lab taught us to verify the functioning of circuits practically (amongst a lot of other
things).

EE-221: Digital Logic DesignPage 15