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Explain the TCP-IP protocol suite for Networking

IT

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Aljohn Marcaida
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0 views

Explain the TCP-IP protocol suite for Networking

IT

Uploaded by

Aljohn Marcaida
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Explain the TCP/IP protocol suite for Networking?

Please create a new file then attach it 500 words


minimum.

What is TCP/IP?
TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol and is a suite of communication
protocols used to interconnect network devices on the internet. TCP/IP is also used as a
communications protocol in a private computer network (an intranet or extranet).

The entire IP suite -- a set of rules and procedures -- is commonly referred to as TCP/IP. TCP and IP
are the two main protocols, though others are included in the suite. The TCP/IP protocol suite
functions as an abstraction layer between internet applications and the routing and switching fabric.

TCP/IP specifies how data is exchanged over the internet by providing end-to-end communications
that identify how it should be broken into packets, addressed, transmitted, routed and received at the
destination. TCP/IP requires little central management and is designed to make networks reliable
with the ability to recover automatically from the failure of any device on the network.

The two main protocols in the IP suite serve specific functions. TCP defines how applications can
create channels of communication across a network. It also manages how a message is assembled
into smaller packets before they are then transmitted over the internet and reassembled in the right
order at the destination address.

IP defines how to address and route each packet to make sure it reaches the right destination. Each
gateway computer on the network checks this IP address to determine where to forward the
message.

A subnet mask tells a computer, or other network device, what portion of the IP address is used to
represent the network and what part is used to represent hosts, or other computers, on the network.

Network address translation (NAT) is the virtualization of IP addresses. NAT helps improve security
and decrease the number of IP addresses an organization needs.

Common TCP/IP protocols include the following:

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) handles the communication between a web server and a web
browser.
HTTP Secure handles secure communication between a web server and a web browser.
File Transfer Protocol handles transmission of files between computers.
How does TCP/IP work?
TCP/IP uses the client-server model of communication in which a user or machine (a client) is
provided a service, like sending a webpage, by another computer (a server) in the network.

Collectively, the TCP/IP suite of protocols is classified as stateless, which means each client request
is considered new because it is unrelated to previous requests. Being stateless frees up network
paths so they can be used continuously.
The transport layer itself, however, is stateful. It transmits a single message, and its connection
remains in place until all the packets in a message have been received and reassembled at the
destination.

The TCP/IP model differs slightly from the seven-layer Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
networking model designed after it. The OSI reference model defines how applications can
communicate over a network.

Why is TCP/IP important?


TCP/IP is nonproprietary and, as a result, is not controlled by any single company. Therefore, the IP
suite can be modified easily. It is compatible with all operating systems (OSes), so it can
communicate with any other system. The IP suite is also compatible with all types of computer
hardware and networks.

TCP/IP is highly scalable and, as a routable protocol, can determine the most efficient path through
the network. It is widely used in current internet architecture.

The 4 layers of the TCP/IP model


TCP/IP functionality is divided into four layers, each of which includes specific protocols:

The application layer provides applications with standardized data exchange. Its protocols include
HTTP, FTP, Post Office Protocol 3, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol and Simple Network Management
Protocol. At the application layer, the payload is the actual application data.
The transport layer is responsible for maintaining end-to-end communications across the network.
TCP handles communications between hosts and provides flow control, multiplexing and reliability.
The transport protocols include TCP and User Datagram Protocol, which is sometimes used instead
of TCP for special purposes.
The network layer, also called the internet layer, deals with packets and connects independent
networks to transport the packets across network boundaries. The network layer protocols are IP
and Internet Control Message Protocol, which is used for error reporting.
The physical layer, also known as the network interface layer or data link layer, consists of protocols
that operate only on a link -- the network component that interconnects nodes or hosts in the
network. The protocols in this lowest layer include Ethernet for local area networks and Address
Resolution Protocol.

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