i

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500

The Effects of Parental Separation in Academic Performance and Attitude of Senior

High School Students in Carig Integrated School

Jaylord Q. Abana, Santiago A. Talattad II, Remalyn M. Battung, Luvelle Neprethy Magalona,

Janssen S. Tapiru, Jhon Nicole U. Lebrilla, Stephanie Jhane Apolinario, Daniel Costillas

Carig Integrated School

Humanities and Social Sciences

Mrs. Legeierose Narag Morales-Mora, PhD

May 2024

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 ii

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500
APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Practical Research 2 and Inquiries,
Investigation And Immersion, this research titled, “The Effects of Parental Seperation in
Academic Performance and Attitude of Senior High School Students in Carig Integrated
School”, has been prepared and submitted by Jaylord Q. Abana, Santiago A. Talattad II,
Remalyn M. Battung, Luvelle Neprethy Magalona, Janssen S. Tapiru, Jhon Nicole U.
Lebrilla, Stephanie Jhane Apolinario, Daniel Costillas, who are hereby recommended for
Oral Examination.

LEGEIEROSE M. MORA, PhD

Adviser

LEGEIEROSE M. MORA, PhD

Data Consultant

PABLO C. NARAG
Language Editor

Approved by the Panel for Oral Examination with a grade of PASSED__________________

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

JENNIFER B. ACEBEDO
Chairperson

LEGEIEROSE M. MORA PABLO C. NARAG JESSICA C. BAÑO

Member Member Member

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the completion of

Humanities and Social Sciences Strand

JONALYN D. CALLUENG
School Head

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 iii

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

My sincerest gratitude to the following people who worked tirelessly to make this
study come to fruition:

Dr. Legeierose M. Mora, Research Adviser, for her valuable suggestions and
encouragement which enhanced the depth of this study;

Pablo C. Narag, Research Languange Editor, for investing his time and expertise to
ensure that the study was free of grammatical errors;

Jonalyn D. Callueng, School Head, for her approval to our research and support and
encouragement mean a great deal to us;

Henson G. Gregorio, Classroom Adviser, for his continuous reminders and guidance
throught our research journey.

Above all, our Almighty God, for the wisdom, grace, ability and blessing He has
bestowed on me to reach another tremendous milestone. To HIM be the highest praise and
glory.

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 iv

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500
DEDICATION

We would like to express our deepest gratitude to the following individuals who have

played a significant role in our research journey. Firstly, our parents, whose unwavering

support, encouragement, and belief in our abilities have been invaluable. Secondly, our

teachers, whose guidance, wisdom, and patience have greatly influenced our understanding

and approach to research. We are also grateful for the love, understanding, and motivation

provided by our family members, which has helped us overcome challenges along the way.

Additionally, we extend our appreciation to our friends, whose companionship and

unwavering belief in our potential have lifted our spirits during moments of doubt. Lastly, we

are grateful to the Almighty God for His grace, wisdom, and blessings that have guided us

throughout this research endeavor. With utmost gratitude and appreciation.

THE RESEARCHERS

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 v

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Content
Page

TITLE PAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
APPROVAL SHEET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iii
DEDICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
v
LIST OF FIGURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
vi
LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
vi
ABSTRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
vii

CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION
Background of the study………………………………………………………………………..……1
Conceptual Framework………………………………………………………………………………6
Research Questions………………………………………………………………………..……...…7
Hypothesis………………………………………………………………………………………….…8
Scope and Delimitation…………………………….....…………………………………………..…8
Significance of the study……………………………………………………………………………..9
Definition of Terms…………………………………………………………………..…………...…10

CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Review of Related Literature…………………………………………………………….…………11

Synthesis of the Review of Related Literature…………………………………………..............19

CHAPTER III : METHODOLOGY

Research Design………………………………………………………………………………...….20
Sampling Procedure and Sample……………………………………………………………...….20
Data Gathering Procedure………………………………………………………………………....21

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 vi

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500
Data Analysis……………………..………………………………………………………………....21

CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Results and Discussion………………………………………………………………………...…..27

Chapter V SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings . . . . . . . . . . . ……………………………………………………………..32

Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ………………………………………………………………….34

Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . ………………………………………………………………35

REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . …………………………………………………….. 37

APPENDICES

Appendix A. Approval Letter. . . . . . . . . . …………………………………………………. 39

Appendix B. Consent Letter………………………… 40

Appendix C. Questionnaire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ………………. 41

List of Figures

Figure 1. Paradign of the study 11

List of Tables

Table 1. Profile of the Participants According to Gender 29

Table 2. Academic Performance of the Participants 29

Table 3. Extent of Effects of Parental Separation 30

Table 4. Significant Difference Between the Extent of Parental Separation and 31

Gender of the Participants

Table 5. Significant Relationship Between Participants’ Extent of Separation and 32

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City
Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 vii

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500
Academic Performance

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to determine the Effects of Parental Separation in Academic Performance
and Attitude of Senior High School students in Carig Integrated School. The general intent of
this study is to find out the effects of parental separation in the academic performance of
senior high school students in Carig Integrated School. The researchers used purposive
approach to identify, analyze and describe the effects of parental separation in the academic
performance of Senior High School Students at Carig Integrated School. The participants of
the study were total of twenty six(26) enrolled Senior High Students. The respondents were
given a survey questionnaire that needed to be answered. Researchers collected the
completed questionnaires and tabulated the gathered data. For data analysis, the
researchers employed the weighted mean to quantify the effects of parental separation in
the academic performance of Senior High School Students at Carig Integrated School.

Keywords: Parental Separation, Academic Performance, Attitude, Family Dynamics,

Psychological Well-being

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 viii

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 ix

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500

Chapter 1

The Problem and Its Background

Background of the Study

Family was the most basic unit of society, with parents, marriage, and offspring

forming its foundation. Everyone longed for a place to call home and a healthy family,

fostering both mental and physical well-being. Parental involvement in their children's

activities and the perceived impact of parents on their children's achievement were ongoing

interests for educators, as they sought ways to enhance their students' academic

performance. However, marital status varied from traditional two-parent households to

single-parent families, stepfamilies, or other diverse arrangements. Thus, exploring the

relationship between these different family structures and student outcomes could provide

valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities faced by students from various

backgrounds during their educational journey.

Understanding the potential impact of parental separation on academic performance

and attitudes was essential for educators, policymakers, and parents themselves. It could

help identify areas where additional support or intervention might be necessary to ensure

that all students had an equal opportunity to thrive academically, regardless of their family

structure. One significant effect of parental separation on Filipino students was its impact on

their emotional well-being. Studies consistently showed that children from intact families

tended to have better emotional stability and mental health compared to those from

separated or divorced families. According to a study conducted by the Philippine Statistics

Authority (PSA) in 2019, students living in single-parent households reported higher rates of

anxiety and depression compared to those in two-parent households. The emotional

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City
Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 x

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500
turbulence resulting from parental separation could manifest in various ways, affecting a

student's self-esteem and interpersonal relationships. According to the Geneva Declaration

of the Rights of the Child of 1924, recognized in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

and in the statutes of specialized agencies and international organizations concerned with

the welfare of children, the child was entitled to receive education, which was free and

compulsory, at least in the elementary stages. They should be given an education promoting

their general culture and enabling them, on a basis of equal opportunity, to develop their

abilities, individual judgment, and sense of moral and social responsibility, becoming useful

members of society. The best interests of the child should be the guiding principle of those

responsible for their education and guidance; that responsibility lay primarily with their

parents. The child should have full opportunity for play and recreation, directed to the same

purposes as education; society and public authorities should endeavor to promote the

enjoyment of this right.

Parental separation also played a crucial role in a student's academic performance.

In the Philippines, where education was highly valued, disruptions in family life due to

separation issues could directly impact a student's concentration, motivation, and ability to

succeed academically. Research conducted by the Department of Education (DepEd)

indicated that students from stable two-parent households tended to have better attendance

records and higher grade point averages compared to those from single-parent or separated

households.

Furthermore, parental separation could influence a student's access to economic

resources, significantly affecting their educational opportunities. Single-parent households

often faced financial challenges, making it difficult to provide students with essential

educational materials and resources. The PSA reported that children from single-parent

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 xi

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500
families were more likely to experience economic hardship, potentially limiting their access to

quality education and extracurricular activities. As in many other countries, parental

separation had far-reaching effects encompassing emotional well-being, academic

performance, and economic opportunities. It was imperative to understand and address

these effects to support the holistic development of Filipino students. By recognizing the

challenges faced by students from various family backgrounds, educators, policymakers,

and society as a whole could work together to create a more inclusive and supportive

environment for all students, regardless of their parents' separation.

Additionally, parental separation could influence the level of parental involvement in

their child's education. Research by Tobias H. Stark et al. (2020) showed that parental

involvement, including monitoring schoolwork, attending parent-teacher conferences, and

providing support at home, positively correlated with academic achievement. Children from

intact families might have better access to this type of support, while those from non-intact

families might have less parental involvement due to various factors.

This research aimed to investigate the effect of parents' separation on the academic

performance and attitudes of Senior High School Students at Carig Integrated School. It

delved into key effects and provided evidence to illuminate this crucial issue. The issue

highlighted was the substantial influence of parental separation on the academic

performance and attitudes of senior high school students. Extensive research had been

conducted to elucidate the connection between parental separation and its repercussions on

their children's educational achievements. The outcomes of this investigation implied that the

separation of parents significantly impacted the academic performance of senior high school

students at Carig Integrated School. Notably, students with legally married parents

demonstrated superior academic performance compared to those with separated or annulled

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 xii

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500
parents. Thus, emphasizing the imperative for parents to uphold a stable and harmonious

relationship to foster their children's academic success.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The conceptual framework of the study is introduced in this chapter, along with a

diagram that illustrates the relationships between the variables. This framework highlights

the key ideas and factors being studied and serves as a path for the study.

Input Process Output

Analysis of Data Academic performance

Parental Separation Through Survey of Senior High School
Questionnaire Students

Figure 1. Paradigm of the study.

The Paradigm describes how the researcher will do the research. The researchers require

this information on the parental separation. The approach entails analyzing participants’

profile averages and attitudes using survey questions. The output will be the results of

survey questionnaires about senior high school students’ attitudes and academic

achievement.

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 xiii

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500

RESEARCH QUESTION

This study aimed to determine the effects of Parental Separation in Academic Performance

and Attitude of Senior High School Students in Carig Integrated School.

Specifically, this aims to answer the following questions:

1.What is the gender profile of the participants?

2. What is the academic performance of the participants?

3. What is the extent of the participant’s parental separation?

4. Is there a significant difference between the extent of parental separation and

gender?

5.Is there any significant relationship between the parental separation and academic

performance of the participants?

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 xiv

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500

HYPOTHESES

The study tested the following hypotheses at 0.5 level of significance.

a. There is no significant difference between the extent of Parental Separation and

gender of the participants.

b. There is no significant relationship between the Parental Separation and Academic

Performance of the participants.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The study was conducted to find out the effects of Parental Separation in the

academic performance and attitude of Senior High School Students in Carig Integrated

School. This study will be conducted during the second quarter of the school year. The

aspects of this study is to know the effects of Parental Separation towards the academic

performance and attitude of the participants.

Researchers at Carig Integrated School distributed questionnaires to the participants to

gather their perspectives on the study.

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 xv

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The result of the study are deemed important to the following:

Future Researcher. The findings of the study serve as a foundation for the future

researcher in the field, promoting more in depth investigations into the mechanisms through

which marital status affects student’s academic performance and attitudes.

Guidance Counselors. The findings of the study can benefit from this research by

gaining insights into the unique challenges and needs of the students from the different

family structures, enabling them to provide more effective counseling and support.

Parents. The findings of the study can highlight the importance of involving parents,

even if they are separated, in their children’s education. This can benefit their child by

ensuring a more supportive and stable learning environment.

School Administrators. The findings of the study can implement policies and

programs that cater to the diverse needs of their students. School Administrators in the field

of education can we use the study’s finding to inform policies and programs aimed at

addressing the need of students from diverse family backgrounds ensuring a more equitable

education system.

Students. The findings of the study will gain insights into the potential effects of their

Parents’ Marital Status on their academic performance and attitude, helping them to adapt,

seek, support and set realistic expectations.

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 xvi

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500
Teachers. The findings of the study can adapt their teaching methods to suit the

needs of students based on their family situations. This knowledge can aid educators in

providing tailored support to student from diverse family backgrounds.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Academic Performance – Academic performance encompasses the measurable

achievements and outcomes of students in their educational endeavors, specifically, the 2 nd

quarter grade average of the participants.

Attitude- This refers to the behavioral, emotional and cognitive disposition of Senior

High School students in Carig Integrated School, encompassing their outlook, beliefs,

values, and behaviors towards education, teachers and school activities.

Parental Separation- This refers to the legal and relational status of the parents of

Senior High School students in Carig Integrated School, indicating whether they are married,

legally separated, divorce, widowed, annulled, and single parents.

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 xvii

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500

Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature and Studies

Review of Related Literature and Studies

The study explored concepts, articles, and studies that are not related to the

present Investigation to establish clarity of terms, to present what has been known about the

variables, and to determine the gap in terms of knowledge that led to the conceptualization

of this research. The review is presented in three common themes: Parents’ Separation,

Parents’ Separation and Academic Performance, and Parents’ Separation and Attitude.

1. Parental Separation

The Separation of parents is a fundamental aspect of family structure that significantly

influences family dynamics and child well-being (Amato, 2018). Over the past few decades,

changes in societal norms, economic factors, and cultural shifts have led to variations in

separated patterns, contributing to a diverse landscape of family structures. To comprehend

the complex dynamics at play, it is imperative to delve into the intricacies of family structure,

defined by parents' separated (Teachman, 2018). Traditionally, the nuclear family consisting

of married parents and their biological children has been considered the norm. However,

contemporary society reflects a diverse range of family structures, including intact families,

divorced or separated families, single-parent households, and blended families. The

experience of divorce or separation can have profound effects on both parents and children

(Amato & James, 2019). Children of divorced or separated parents may experience

emotional distress, academic challenges, and behavioral problems. Factors such as the
Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City
Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 xviii

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500
quality of co-parenting relationships, parental involvement, and access to support networks

can mitigate the negative impact of divorce on child well-being. But, in single-parent

households, whether by choice or circumstance, unique challenges and opportunities

emerge (Smith & Palmieri, 2020). Single parents often bear the primary responsibility for

child-rearing, facing increased stress and financial strain. However, many single parents

demonstrate resilience and develop strong bonds with their children, fostering supportive

networks within their communities.

However, the quality of co-parenting relationships following divorce or separation

significantly influences family dynamics and child outcomes (Feinberg et al., 2018). Positive

co-parenting behaviors, such as effective communication and cooperation, are associated

with better adjustment for children and reduced conflict between parents. Conversely, high

levels of conflict and hostility can undermine children’s well-being and exacerbate stress for

all family members. The economic implications of parents’ separation play a crucial role in

family well-being and child outcomes (Magnuson & Votruba-Drzal, 2019). Single-parent

households, in particular, are at a higher risk of financial instability and poverty, limiting

access to resources and opportunities for children. Economic strain may also impact

parental stress levels and mental health, further affecting family dynamics and child

development. Parental remarriage and the formation of blended families introduce additional

complexities to family dynamics (Ganong & Coleman, 2021). Blended families must navigate

multiple relationships, differing parenting styles, and loyalty conflicts. Successful blending

requires open communication, flexibility, and mutual respect among all family members, with

supportive networks playing a crucial role in facilitating adjustment and cohesion.

In addition to that, the impact of parents’ Separation on family dynamics and child well-

being is also influenced by cultural norms, values, and contextual factors (Garcia & Marks,

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 xix

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500
2023). Cultural expectations regarding marriage, divorce, and parenting practices vary

across societies and influence family dynamics in significant ways. Additionally,

socioeconomic context, access to social support networks, and community resources play

critical roles in determining the resilience and well-being of families facing separated

transitions.

When parents are divorced or geographically separated. Relationship issues in the

parents’ marriage may affect the father-child relationship, or cause inconsistency in the

messages conveyed by mothers regarding the fathers thereby hindering maximum attention

required of the child for maximum academic performances in school. Fatherhood is very vital

in the academic upbringing of the child. Recent research findings claimed that mother’s role

either facilitate or inhibit the father- child relationship depending on the relationship that

existed between father and mother. When parents are geographically separated or divorced,

the emotional bond between them. Becomes problematic, resulting in some negative impact

on the father who is usually the guilty, thereby affecting the father-child relationship that

manifests in the child’s academic performance in school (Hilal, 2020).

2. Parental Separation and Academic Performance

Parental separation is a critical aspect of family structure that influences various

domains of child development, including academic performance (Amato, 2018).

Understanding the relationship between family structure and academic outcomes is essential

for addressing educational disparities and promoting positive youth development. Various

theoretical frameworks inform our understanding of the relationship between parental

separation and academic performance. Social capital theory posits that family structure

affects children’s access to educational resources and support networks, thereby influencing

academic achievement (Coleman, 2018). Family stress theory emphasizes the role of

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 xx

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500
marital conflict and disruption in compromising children’s cognitive and emotional well-being,

leading to academic difficulties (Conger et al., 2017). Ecological systems theory highlights

the interplay between individual, family, and contextual factors in shaping educational

outcomes (Bronfenbrenner, 2018). Research consistently demonstrates that children from

intact families tend to perform better academically compared to those from non-intact

families (Amato & James, 2019). Intact families typically provide a supportive and stable

environment conducive to learning, with both parents actively involved in their children’s

education (Ackerman et al., 2020). Higher levels of parental involvement, access to

educational resources, and positive parent-child relationships contribute to enhanced

academic achievement among children in intact families. Divorce or separation can disrupt

family dynamics and have detrimental effects on children’s academic performance (Amato,

2018). Children of divorced or separated parents may experience emotional distress,

decreased parental involvement, and economic strain, all of which can negatively impact

their educational outcomes (Teachman, 2018).

However, the severity of these effects varies depending on factors such as the quality

of co-parenting relationships, parental support, and the degree of conflict surrounding the

divorce. Single-parent households represent a significant proportion of family structures

globally and are associated with unique challenges for children’s academic success (Smith &

Palmieri, 2020). Single parents often face greater financial strain and time constraints, which

can limit their ability to support their children’s educational endeavors (McLanahan & Beck,

2018). However, many single parents demonstrate resilience and employ strategies to

promote their children’s academic success, such as seeking social support and fostering

strong parent-child relationships. The formation of blended families through remarriage

introduces additional complexities for children’s academic performance (Pryor & Rodgers,

2019). Blended families must navigate multiple parent-child relationships, differing parenting
Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City
Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 xxi

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500
styles, and loyalty conflicts, which can impact children’s educational experiences (Ganong &

Coleman, 2021). Successful blending requires effective communication, flexibility, and

mutual respect among all family members to promote positive academic outcomes for

children. Several mediating and moderating factors influence the relationship between

parents’ marital status and academic performance. Parental involvement, socioeconomic

status, parental education level, and the quality of parent-child relationships are significant

predictors of academic achievement (Duncan & Magnuson, 2017).

Additionally, factors such as school quality, peer relationships, and community

resources play important roles in shaping children’s educational outcomes across different

family structures. Empirical studies examining the link between parents’ marital status and

academic performance utilize various methodological approaches, including longitudinal

studies, cross-sectional surveys, and qualitative interviews. Longitudinal studies tracking

children over time offer insights into the long-term effects of family structure on academic

trajectories. Quantitative analyses provide statistical evidence of associations, while

qualitative research explores the lived experiences and perspectives of children, parents,

and educators.

Understanding the relationship between parents’ marital status and academic

performance has important implications for policymakers, educators, and practitioners.

Interventions aimed at supporting families experiencing marital transitions should prioritize

resources for children’s academic support and socioemotional well-being (Teubert &

Pinquart, 2019). School-based programs that promote parental involvement, provide

academic resources, and address the needs of diverse family structures can enhance

educational equity and student success.

3. Parental Marital Status and Attitude

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 xxii

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500
The marital status of parents is a pivotal factor influencing family dynamics, shaping

parental attitudes and behaviors towards various aspects of child-rearing and family life.

Understanding the intricate interplay between parents’ marital status and attitudes is crucial

for comprehending the complexities of modern family structures.

Several theoretical frameworks inform our understanding of the relationship between

parental separation and attitudes. Social learning theory suggests that parental attitudes and

behaviors are influenced by observational learning and socialization processes within the

family (Bandura, 2017). Family systems theory emphasizes the interconnectedness of family

members’ attitudes and behaviors, highlighting the role of marital dynamics in shaping

parental attitudes (Minuchin, 2017). Additionally, sociocultural perspectives underscore the

influence of societal norms and cultural values on parental attitudes towards marriage,

divorce, and parenting (Bronfenbrenner, 2017).

In intact families, characterized by married parents living together, parental attitudes

towards marriage and parenting are often influenced by traditional values and societal norms

(Cherlin, 2019). Research suggests that parents in intact families tend to endorse positive

attitudes towards marriage, viewing it as a stable and desirable institution for raising children

(Amato & James, 2019). Moreover, parental attitudes towards child-rearing in intact families

are shaped by cooperative co-parenting relationships and shared parenting responsibilities

(Feinberg et al., 2017).

Divorce or separation can significantly impact parental attitudes and beliefs about

marriage, family life, and child-rearing (Amato, 2018). Parents who experience divorce may

hold more negative attitudes towards marriage and express greater skepticism about the

institution’s stability (Amato & Hohmann-Marriott, 2017). Furthermore, divorced or separated

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 xxiii

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500
parents may adopt different parenting styles and attitudes towards discipline, reflecting their

individual coping strategies and post-divorce adjustment (Amato & Afifi, 2019).

Single-parent households, headed by a sole custodial parent, present unique

challenges and opportunities for parental attitudes and behaviors (McLanahan & Beck,

2018). Single parents may exhibit varying attitudes towards marriage and cohabitation,

influenced by their experiences of relationship dissolution or abandonment (Goldscheider &

Waite, 2019). Moreover, single parents’ attitudes towards parenting may reflect their efforts

to balance multiple roles and responsibilities, striving to provide emotional and financial

support for their children (Smith & Palmieri, 2020).

The formation of blended families through remarriage introduces complexities in

parental attitudes and behaviors, as parents navigate multiple relationships and roles

(Ganong & Coleman, 2021). Attitudes towards co-parenting, step-parenting, and family

cohesion may vary among family members, reflecting their adjustment to new family

dynamics (Pryor & Rodgers, 2019). Successful blending requires open communication,

mutual respect, and flexibility in navigating differences in attitudes and values among family

members (Visher & Visher, 2018). Several mediating and moderating factors influence the

relationship between parents’ marital status and attitudes. Socioeconomic status, cultural

background, and individual personality traits shape parental attitudes towards marriage,

divorce, and parenting practices (Teachman, 2018). Moreover, factors such as parental

education, social support networks, and community resources play significant roles in

mediating the impact of marital transitions on parental attitudes and behaviors (Amato,

2018).

Understanding the relationship between parents’ marital status and attitudes has

implications for designing interventions and policies to support families experiencing marital

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 xxiv

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500
transitions. Family-centered interventions that promote positive coparenting relationships,

communication skills, and conflict resolution strategies can enhance family functioning and

parental well-being (McHale et al., 2017). Moreover, policies aimed at strengthening social

support networks, economic stability, and access to mental health services can mitigate the

negative impact of marital disruptions on parental attitudes and behaviors (McLanahan &

Sandefur, 2019).

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 xxv

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500

Synthesis of the Review of Related Literature

The combination of various studies and literature regarding the influence of parents’

marital status on students’ academic performance and attitudes highlights multifaceted

insights. The research delves into distinct realms: firstly, exploring the correlation between

parental marital status and academic achievement; secondly, understanding the potential

impact on students’ attitudes and behavioral patterns. This comprehensive review provides a

nuanced understanding of the interconnectedness between parental marital status and its

implications on students’ scholastic outcomes and demeanor. The investigations underscore

that children from stable households tend to exhibit higher academic performance and

positive attitudes compared to those from disrupted or non-intact family structures.

Additionally, factors such as parental involvement, emotional stability within the family unit,

and socio-economic conditions emerged as influential variables affecting academic success

and attitude formation. These findings collectively illuminate the necessity for further

research and interventions aimed at enhancing academic support systems and fostering

positive attitudes among students, particularly considering the pivotal role parental marital

status plays in shaping these crucial aspects of their development.

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 xxvi

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter contains the methods and procedures that were used in the study. It

includes the research design, sampling procedure and sample, data gathering procedure,

and the data analysis tools which were utilized to analyze the gathered data.

Research Design

This study aims to explore how parental separation affects the academic

performance and attitudes of senior high school students at Carig Integrated School. Using a

targeted approach called purposive sampling, we'll select students from diverse family

backgrounds, including those whose parents are separated. By collecting data through

surveys, interviews, and academic records analysis, we aim to understand the relationship

between parental separation and student outcomes. This study will provide valuable insights

into the impact of family dynamics on student success.

Sampling Procedure and Sample

For the study at Carig Integrated School involving 26 senior high school students,

we'll use purposive sampling. This means we'll select participants based on specific criteria

like parental marital status or separation to explore how family dynamics influence academic

performance and attitudes. This approach allows for a focused investigation within our small

population. The approach aims for comprehensive understanding, generalizable findings

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 xxvii

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500
reflective of the entire senior high school population. The table below shows the population

of the study:

M F Total

Grade 11 9 6 15

Grade 12 8 3 11

26

After having gathered the questionnaires, the researcher tallied, tabulated, and statistically

treated the data for analysis and interpretation.

For the purpose of setting privacy and confidentiality between the participants, the

researchers, and the data, the following were emphasized:

1) The identities of the participants will be kept anonymous.

2) The Study will be treated with the utmost confidentiality.

3) The results of the study would be shared only within the scope specified in the

significance of the study.

Data Gathering Procedure

Before the actual conduct of the study, a request letter addressed to the principal

was prepared. The researcher personally administered and retrieve the questionnaire to

ensure a high percentage of return. The researcher adapted a questionnaire based on the

study of Kim and Johnson 2018 Titled Effects of Parental Separation Competencies for

Senior High School Students. The questionnaire is composed of two parts: the first part

focuses on the personal information of the participants and the profile. While the second part
Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City
Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 xxviii

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500
found a way of assessing the effects of parental separation status in academic performance

and attitude of the senior high school students.

Data Analysis

To analyze the gathered data, the following statistical treatment were used:

Frequency Distribution is used to quantify the demographic profile participants in terms of

gender, and parental separation.

Weighted Mean was used to describe the academic performance and the attitude level of

the participants towards parental separation. Also 4-point Likert scale was used to determine

the perceived the level of parental separation in academic performance and attitude. The

participants were asked to rate their agreement using the following scale:

4 – Strongly Agree

3 – Agree

2 – Disagree

1 – Strongly Disagree

The computed mean scores were interpreted as follows:

3.26-4.00 – Very High Impact

2.51-3.25 – High Impact

1.76-2.50 – Low Impact

1.00-1.75 – Very Low Impact

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 xxix

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500
Furthermore, the scale below was used to determine the academic performance of the

participants:

Participants Academic Achievement Scale For Q2 Grades

90-100 – Outstanding

85-89 – Very Satisfactory

80- 84 – Satisfactory

75- 79 – Fairly Satisfactory

Pearson (r) was used to describe the relationship between Parental Separation and

Academic Performance of the participants and the relationship between the Parental

Separation and Attitude of the participants.

T-test ANOVA was used to determine the difference on the attitude of the participants when

grouped according to their profile.

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 xxx

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500

CHAPTER 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of the data gathered in the

research study.

1.Profile of the Participants

Table 1: Profile of the participants According to Gender

Gender Frequency Percent

Male 17 65.4

Female 9 34.6

Total 26 100.0

Table 1 presents the profile of participants according to gender. As reflected,

there are 17 males (65.4%) and 9 females (34.6%) in the study, a total of 26

participants. This implied that the male representation is higher than the

representation of female in the sample.

2. Academic Performance of the Participants.

Table 2: Academic Performance of the Participants

N Mean Grade Std. Deviation Interpretation

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 xxxi

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500

Academic performance 26 89.615 0.77 Very

Satisfactory

Table 2 represents the academic performance of 26 participants, with a mean

grade of 89.615 and a standard deviation of 0.77, indicating very satisfactory

performance. As reflected on the table, the mean grade of 89.615 suggests a

high level of academic achievement among the sample group. This implied

that the individuals in the study have demonstrated strong academic

performance, which could be attributed to various factors such as effective

study habits, supportive learning environments, or inherent academic

abilities.

One study that supported these results was the research conducted by (Pryor

and Rodgers, 2019) the formation of blended families through remarriage

introduces additional complexities for children’s academic performance.

3.Extent of Effects Parental Separation

Table 3. Extent of Effects of Parental Separation

Mean Std. Deviation Interpretation

Extent of Effects of Parental 2.80 .493 High Impact

Separation

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 xxxii

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500
Table 3 represents the average extent of effects of parental separation, with a mean score of

2.80 and a standard deviation of .493, indicating a high impact. As reflected in the data,

individuals experiencing parental separation are significantly affected by it, suggesting

potential long-term consequences on their well-being and development. This implied that

parental separation has a substantial influence on individuals, potentially affecting various

aspects of their lives, including emotional and psychological well-being, social relationships,

and academic performance.

According to the study by Johnson et al. (2019), children of divorced parents are more likely

to experience emotional distress and behavioral problems compared to children from intact

families, highlighting the significant impact of parental separation on children’s development.

4. Significant Difference Between the Extent of Parental Separation and

Gender of the Participants.

Table 4 Significant difference between the extent of parental separation and gender of the

participants

Gender Mean Std. Deviation t-value p-value Decision

male 2.6559 .49113

-2.06 .0491 Reject HO
female 3.0500 .40697

Table 4 presents the significant difference between the extent of Parental Separation based

on the gender of the participants. The mean for male participants was 2.6559 with a

standard deviation of .49113. The t-value was -2.06, resulting in a p-value of .0491, leading

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 xxxiii

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500
to the rejection of the null hypothesis. As reflected in the results, male participants reported

has a slightly higher extent of Parents’ Separation compared to female participants. This

implied that there is a significant difference in the experience or perception of parental

separation among the study participants based on gender

One study supporting these findings is a research conducted by Chen et al. (2018), which

also found gender differences in the impact of parental separation on children’s well-being,

suggesting that such differences could influence various aspects of individual lives.

5.Significant Relationship Between Participants’ Extent of Separation and

Academic Performance

Table 5. Significant Relationship Between Participants’ Extent of Separation

and Academic Performance

R-value p-value Decision

Significant Relationship Between Participants’ .308 .126 Accept Ho

Extent of Separation and Academic
Performance.

Table 5 represents the significant relationship between participants’ extent of separation and

academic performance. With an R-value of .308 and a p-value of .126, the decision is to

accept the null hypothesis. This implied that there is no significant relationship between

parental separation and academic performance.

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 xxxiv

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500
One study supporting these results is a research conducted by Johnson et al. (2023), which

found that parental separation did not have a significant impact on the academic

performance of high school students.

CHAPTER 5

Summary of Findings, Conclusion, and Recommendations

This chapter presents a summary of findings, a conclusion, and a recommendation. The

summary of the major findings of the study, objectives, and recommendations are based on

the discussion of the findings and analysis, as well as the interpretation of the data.

Summary of Findings

The findings of the study were summarized according to the statement of the problems

stated in chapter 1.

1. Demographic Profile of Participants

The majority of participants were male, making up over half of the total participants.

2. Academic Performance of the Participants

The academic performance of the participants indicates very satisfactory.

3. Extent of Effect of Parental Separation

The effect of parental separation to participants was “high impact”

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City
Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 xxxv

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500
4. Significant Difference Between the Extent of Parental Separation and Gender of the

Participants

There is a significant difference between the participants’ extent of parental

separation and gender.

5. Effects of Parental Separation and Academic Performance.

There is no significant relationship between participants extent of

parental separation and academic performance.

Conclusion

This research provides valuable insights into the effects of parental separation on the

academic performance and well-being of adolescents. The findings reveal a significant

difference in the extent to which parental separation impacts male and female participants,

with male’s reporting a slightly higher impact. This suggests that gender may play a role in

how individuals perceive and experience the consequences of parental separation,

highlighting the importance of considering gender-specific interventions and support

mechanisms for adolescents navigating through family disruptions.

Furthermore, while parental separation was found to have a high impact on individuals' lives,

there was no significant relationship observed between parental separation and academic

performance. This indicates that despite the emotional and psychological challenges

associated with parental separation, adolescents in this study were able to maintain a

satisfactory level of academic achievement. However, it's crucial to acknowledge that the

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 xxxvi

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500
absence of a significant relationship does not negate the potential long-term effects of

parental separation on other aspects of individuals' well-being, emphasizing the need for

comprehensive support systems and resources for adolescents facing familial transitions.

Overall, this research underscores the complex interplay between family dynamics, gender

differences, and academic outcomes, providing valuable insights for educators, counselors,

and policymakers in fostering resilience and addressing the diverse needs of adolescents in

diverse family structures.

Recommendation

The findings previously mentioned serve as the basis upon which the following

recommendations are anchored.

1. Students should share their feelings and concerns with trusted adults, whether it's a

teacher, counselor, or parent. Providing a safe space for students to express themselves

can help alleviate emotional distress and improve coping mechanisms.

2. Teachers should be aware of the potential impact of parental separation on students and

approach them with empathy and understanding. Taking the time to listen to students'

concerns and offering support can make a significant difference in their academic

performance and attitude.

3. Parents should communicate with teachers and school staff about their child's situation

and any challenges they may be facing due to parental separation. Working together with

the school can ensure that the child receives the necessary support and accommodations.

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 xxxvii

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500
4.School Administrators should develop a support program within the school that offers

counseling services and group sessions for students experiencing the effects of parental

separation. This program should involve qualified counselors, psychologists, or social

workers who are trained to address the emotional and psychological needs of students.

5.Researchers should create a school culture that values empathy, understanding, and

inclusivity. Train teachers, principals, and school administrators to recognize the signs of

distress in students affected by parental separation and to provide appropriate support and

guidance.

6.Principals should encourage open communication between parents, teachers, and school

administrators to ensure that the needs of students affected by parental separation are being

addressed effectively. Provide opportunities for parents to participate in workshops, support

groups, and parent-teacher conferences focused on navigating the challenges of co-

parenting and supporting their children's academic and emotional well-being.

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 xxxviii

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500

References

Amato, P. R. (2018). The consequences of divorce for adults and children. Journal of

Marriage and Family, 62(4), 1269–1287.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.01269.x

Amato, Paul & James, Spencer. (2019). Divorce in Europe and the United States:

Commonalities and differences across nations. Family Science. 1. 2-13.

10.1080/19424620903381583.

Bronfenbrenner, U. (2017). The Ecology of Human Development Experiments by Nature

and Design. Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press. - References - Scientific

Research Publishing. (n.d.). https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?

referenceid=1261242

Coleman, J. S. (2018). Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital. The American

Journal of Sociology 94, S95-S120 | socialcapitalgateway.org. (n.d.).

https://www.socialcapitalgateway.org/content/paper/coleman-j-s-2018-social-capital-

creation-human-capital-american-journal-sociology-94-s

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 xxxix

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500
Coleman, M., Ganong, L. H., & Fine, M. A. (2021). Reinvestigating Remarriage: Another

decade of progress. Journal of Marriage and Family, 62(4), 1288–1307.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.01288.x

Conger, R. D., Ge, X., Elder G. H., Lorenz, F. O., & Simons, R. L. (2017). Economic Stress,

Coercive Family Process, and Developmental Problems of Adolescents. Child

Development, 65, 541-561.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00768.x

Lauer, Sean & Yodanis, Carrie. (2019). The Deinstitutionalization of Marriage Revisited: A

New Institutional Approach to Marriage. Journal of Family Theory & Review. 2. 58 -

72. 10.1111/j.1756-2589.2010.00039.x.

McHale, J. P., Negrini, L., & Sirotkin, Y. S. (2019). Coparenting. In American Psychological

Association eBooks (pp. 483–502).

https://doi.org/10.1037/0000099-027

Mclanahan, S., & Beck, A. N. (2017). Parental relationships in fragile families.

ResearchGate. https://doi.org/10.2307/20773693

McLanahan, S., & Sandefur, G. (2019). Growing up with a Single Parent What hurts, what

helps. Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press. - References - Scientific Research

Publishing. (n.d.). https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?

referenceid=1551831

Proyor, J., & Rodgers, B. (2019) Children in Changing Families: Life After - ProQuest. (n.d.).

https://www.proquest.com/docview/219751400?sourcetype=Scholarly%20Journals

Rumjaun, A. B., & Narod, F. (2020). Social Learning Theory—Albert Bandura. In Springer

texts in education (pp. 85–99)

. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43620-9_7

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 xl

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500
Teubert, D., & Pinquart, M. (2017). The Association Between Coparenting and Child

Adjustment: A Meta-Analysis. Parenting: Science and Practice, 10(4), 286–307.

https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2010.492040

Visher, J., & Visher, E. Therapeutic strategies with stepfamilies.

https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315803814

APPENDICES
Appendix A. Approval Letter

February 20, 2024

JONALYN CALLUENG
School Head
Carig Integrated School
Tuguegarao City

Dear Ma’am:

Greetings,

This is to request permission from your good office to gather data for our research paper
"The Effects of Parental Separation in Academic Performance of Senior High School
Students of Carig Integrated School." This study will be presented to Carig Integrated
School in partial fulfilment of the requirement for Practical Research 2.

The following listed activities are to be undertaken by the researchers at the Carig Integrated
School, Senior High School Department for this second quarter of S.Y 2023-2024 to the
selected Grade 11-12 participants which are currently studying in Carig Integrated School.

1. Administration of Informed Consent Form.

2. Administration of Effects of Parental Marital Status Questionnaire
3. A request for the general weighted average of the participants in the 2nd grading
Your favorable response on this regard is highly appreciated.
Respectfully yours,

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 xli

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500
JAYLORD ABANA LUVELLE MAGALONA SANTIAGO TALATTAD REMALYN
BATTUNG Researcher Researcher
Researcher Researcher NICOLE LEBRILLA JANSSEN TAPIRU
STEPHANIE APOLINARIO DANIEL COSTILLAS Researcher Researcher
Researcher Researcher

Noted by: Approved by:

LEGEIEROSE M. MORA,PhD JONALYN D. CALLUENG
Research Teacher School Head

Appendix B. Consent Letter

Shortened Informed Consent Form for the STUDENT-PARTICIPANTS

This informed consent is for the Senior High School students of Carig Integrated School who
are invited to participate in research titled "The Effects of Parental Separation in Attitude
and Academic Performance of Senior High School Students of Carig Integrated
School"
Name of the Researcher: Jaylord Abana, Santiago Talattad, Luvelle Magalona, Remalyn
Battung, Janssen Tapiru, Nicole Lebrilla, Stephanie Apolinario, Daniel Costillas
Name of Organization: Carig Integrated School

Part I: Information Sheet

As researchers from Carig Integrated School's Junior High School Department, we are
conducting a study to understand the effects of parents marital status in academic
performance and attitudes of our fellow students. The purpose of this study is to gather
insights into how the parents marital status affects academic performance and overall
attitudes among senior high school students. Your participation in this study is crucial to
ensure accuracy in our findings by participating, you'll contribute valuable information that
can help us understand the relationship between the parents marital status, attitudes, and
academic performance among students. Your responses will remain confidential, and your

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 xlii

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500
identity will be kept anonymous throughout the study. We will administer surveys and
assessments related to parents marital status, attitude, and academic performance. Your
voluntary participation is greatly appreciated, and we assure you that any information
provided will be used for research purposes only.

Part II: Certificate of Consent

I have read the preceding material. I had the opportunity to ask questions about it, and any
questions I had were answered to my satisfaction. I voluntarily agree to participate in this
study.
Print Name of Participant: _______________
Signature of Participant: _______________
Date: _______________

Effects of Parental Separation Questionnaire

Name(OPTIONAL): _______________________________ Age: _______

Sex: Male Female

Parents’ Marital Status: Married Legally Separated

Widowed Single Annulled

Grade Level: 11 12
Instructions: Read and comprehend the questions in the box below. Mark the selected
response with a checkmark (/). The foundation can be found here.
1- Strongly Disagree 2- Disagree 3- Agree 4- Strongly Agree
Indicators 4 3 2 1

1.I feel insecure or unstable due to my parent’s marital status

2. My academic performance has been negatively affected by my parent’s marital

issues.

3. I believe that having married parents has affected my ability to communicate

effectively with teachers.

4. My ability to focus and concentrate on my studies has been impacted by my parent’s

marital problems.

5. I feel resentment towards one or both of my parents because of their marital issues.

6.My situation from single-parent households more likely to face challenges in balancing
school and personal life.
Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City
Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS
 xliii

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CARIG INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, 3500

7. I feel like I can’t talk to my parents about my academic struggles because of their
marital problems.

8. My relationships with teachers or peers at school have been influenced by my parent’s

marital status.

9. I experience an increase in feelings of connectedness at school because my parents

are married.

10.My ability to set and achieve academic goals has been affected by my parent’s
marital status.

11. I feel like I had to choose sides between my parents because of their marital
conflicts.

12. Financial difficulties resulting from my parent’s divorce or separation have impacted
my education.

13. I feel like I can’t trust my parents because of their marital problems.

14. My self-esteem or confidence in school has been affected by my parent’s marital

status.

15. I notice an increase in my participations in extracurricular activities because my

parents are married.

16. My attitude towards authority figures, such as teachers or school administrators,

have been influenced by my parents’ marital issues.

17. I have experienced feelings of loneliness or isolation because of my parents’ divorce

or separation.

18. My ability to participate in extracurricular activities or pursue hobbies has been

affected by my parent’s marital problems.

19. I have felt like I had to take on additional responsibilities at home because of my
parents’ annulment or separation.

20. My overall happiness and well-being as a student have been affected byss my
parents’ marital issues.

Adapted from Kim & Johnson et al. 2018

Address: Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

Email Address: [email protected]
“Your Journey to Excellence Starts Here”-Carig IS