Course Handout
Course Name: Differential Equations (MA121)
Course Instructors: Dr. G. Rakshit, Dr. S. Dhama
Evaluation Process: Mid-sem 30%, End-sem 60%, Internal (Quiz etc.) 10%.
Session Plan:
Details of
Lecture Nos. Topic Sub-Topics
1-2 General theory of Introduction to a differential equation, ordinary and partial
differential equations differential equations, order of differential equation, linear
and non-linear ode’s. Concept of solution: general and actual
solutions, singular solution, implicit and explicit solutions,
initial conditions and IVP, interval of validity.
3-7 First order ode General forms of 1st order ode’s. Linear equations. Bernoulli
equations. Separation method and separable equations. Exact
differential equations and integrating factors. Orhogonal
trajectories. Picard’s existence and uniqueness theorem.
Picard’s iteration method
8-10 Second order ode: linear Second-order homogeneous equations with constant
homogeneous equations coefficients: auxiliary equations, real distinct roots, complex
roots, repeated roots.
Second-order linear homogeneous equations with non-
constant coefficients: fundamental system and general
solutions of homogeneous equations, Wronskian, reduction
of order.
11-14 Second order ode: linear Complementary functions and particular integrals. Method of
non-homogeneous undetermined coefficients and variation of parameters to find
particular integrals. Euler-Cauchy equation, extensions of the
equations results to higher order linear equations.
15-20 Series solution of linear Power series solutions: ordinary points, Legendre’s
ode’s differential equation. Legendre polynomials and properties.
Frobenius series solutions: regular singular points, Bessel’s
equation.
21-26 Laplace transform and Definition of Laplace transforms and some standard
Fourier series examples. Properties of Laplace transform. Inverse Laplace
transforms: Definition and examples, convolution theorem.
Application of Laplace transform in solving IVP’s. Fourier
series
27-30 Partial differential Partial Differential Equation: introduction, linear, nonlinear
equations: Introduction (semi-linear, quasi-linear) examples,
well-posedness. Formation of PDEs, First order linear PDEs,
and first order equations method of characteristics.
30-34 Second order PDEs and Classification of second order PDEs into hyperbolic,
wave equations parabolic and elliptic. Wave equations: d’Alembert’s
formula, Duhamel’s principle.
34-37 Second order PDE: Heat Heat equations: Solutions for initial boundary value, method
equations of separation of variables, Duhamel’s principle.
37-40 Second order PDE: Solutions of Laplace’s and Poisson’s equation, method of
Laplace and Poisson’s separation of variables.
equations
Course Handout
Textbooks:
1. Differential Equations with Applications and Historical Notes by G.F.
Simmons.
2. Applied Partial Differential Equations: An Introduction by A. Jeffrey.
Reference books:
1. Differential Equations by Shepley L. Ross.
2. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by E. Kreyszig.
3. An Elementary Course in Partial Differential Equations by T. Amaranth.
4. Elements of Partial Differential Equations by Ian N. Sneddon.
5. Partial Differential Equations by Fritz John.
6. Introduction to Partial Differential Equations by K. Sankara Rao.
