Department Of Information Technology

Year: TE Semester: VI Academic Year: 2024-25

Course Name: Sensor Lab Course Code : ITL605 Roll No.: 621

PRACTICAL NO. 01

Objective: Study of various wireless Communication technologies.

Theory:

Wireless communication is wireless telecommunication that uses electromagnetic waves (radio

waves), magnetic fields, and electric fields, whereas optical communication uses light without

using wires or cables. Among the various methods of wireless communication,

telecommunication that uses radio waves enables long-distance communication in the order of

kilometers or more and allows lots of data (information)*1 to be transmitted. Therefore, radio

waves are used in most wireless communication systems. We would like to focus our explanation

mainly on radio waves in this series.

Wireless communication systems that use radio waves are configured to use space as the

transmission path (or communication channel) and to send data on radio waves as signals from

transmitters to receivers.

The approximate categories of wireless communication that transmit data using radio waves and

the typical applications of each category. Wireless communication is used in various fields. The

applications and types of wireless communication are also wide-ranging.

We should note here that wireless communication is also being developed beyond the boundaries

of these categories in recent years. For example, various countries have begun satellite mobile

communication services that incorporate satellite communication into mobile communication

(smartphones equipped with a function to connect to satellites)

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Categories of Wireless Communication and Their Applications

Categories of Wireless Typical Applications

Communication

Mobile communication Mobile phones

Aviation communication Radio altimeters, radars for air traffic control

Satellite communication Satellite broadcasting, GPS, weather observation

Ship communication LF beacons, MF/HF/VHF wireless communication

Broadcast communication AM/FM radio broadcasting (audio), television broadcasting (video)

Fixed communication Long-distance telephone call relays, television relays

(microwave
communication)

Wireless network Bluetooth®, UWB, Wi-Fi, Wi-MAX, LPWA, etc.

communication

Wireless communication technologies are essential for modern sensor labs, enabling remote data

collection, monitoring, and control. Below are several key wireless communication technologies

relevant to sensor applications.

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Wireless Communication Method: Modulation and Demodulation.

A configuration that describes the modulation and demodulation that are the basic functions of a

wireless communication system. It is based on the basic model of the communication system.

If you try to directly transmit data as radio waves, you will not be able to send it over long distances.

For this and other reasons, wireless communication requires an operation called “modulation” that

converts data into convenient signals in the transmitter to enable the transmission of data over long

distances. On the other hand, an operation called “demodulation” that returns the modulated signals

back to the original data is required in the receiver.

Many of the terms are unfamiliar in general. However, we would like you to think of these modulation

technologies as those that support part of our current lifestyle infrastructure such as mobile phones and

radio and television broadcasts here. We plan to explain the details on a separate page at a later date.

Effective modulation and demodulation are crucial for:

 Maintaining Signal Integrity: Reducing noise and interference.
 Efficient Bandwidth Utilization: Allowing multiple signals to coexist.
 Improving Data Rate: Supporting high-speed communications.
Understanding these technologies helps in selecting the most appropriate wireless solution for sensor
applications based on range, power requirements, and data needs.
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Radio Waves and Their Frequencies:

Radio waves are a form of energy like motion and heat. They are also called electromagnetic waves.

(In fact, light is a type of electromagnetic wave.) Radio waves are defined as electromagnetic waves

with a frequency of 3,000 GHz or less in Japan’s Radio Law and the Radio Regulations annexed to the

International Telecommunication Convention. (We will explain later how to calculate the frequency.)

These radio waves are emitted from wireless devices. However, it is not easy to actually visualize them.

Accordingly, we have explained the occurrence and transmission of radio waves from the phenomenon

that occurs when sinusoidal alternating current is passed through a conductor rod such as metal to make

it easier to picture.

Radio waves travel at that time. In fact, radio waves extend out three-dimensionally. However, we focus

on radio waves that travel when the conductor is vertically oriented here to reveal how they are

transmitted. The electric field*2 and magnetic field*2 are maintained at right angles (orthogonally) to

each other. Changes in the magnetic field create an electric field. Changes in the electric field then

create a magnetic field. The repetition of this process allows radio waves to be transmitted as sinusoidal

vibrations. We give below the main properties of radio waves.

Conclusion :

Wireless communication technologies play a critical role in enabling seamless data transfer for modern

sensor applications. Each technology, from short-range Bluetooth to long-range LoRa and high-speed

5G, offers unique features suited to different use cases. Modulation and demodulation techniques are

fundamental to maintaining signal integrity and optimizing data rates. Understanding these technologies

allows for the appropriate selection of wireless solutions to meet specific sensor lab requirements,

ensuring efficient, reliable, and scalable communication systems.