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Experiment 5- Adaptive Delta modulation

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Experiment 5- Adaptive Delta modulation

Uploaded by

pabawab23
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Group No.

:
Date:

Digital Communication (LAB)


Experiment No. : 5
ADAPTIVE DELTA MODULATION & DEMODULATION

Aim: To demonstrate and observe the process of adaptive delta modulation and
demodulation.

Components: 1. Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO)


​ ​ 2. Scientech 2803 kit
​ ​ 3. Function Generator
​ ​ 4. BNC Cables

Theory:
A larger step-size is needed in the steep slope of modulating signal and a smaller
step size is needed where the message has a small slope. The minute details get
missed in the process. So, it would be better if we can control the adjustment of
step-size, according to our requirement in order to obtain the sampling in a
desired fashion. This is the concept of Adaptive Delta Modulation.

In Adaptive Delta Modulation, the step size of the staircase signal is not fixed and
changes depending upon the input signal. Here first the difference between the
present sample value and previous approximation is calculated. This error is
quantized i.e. if the present sample is smaller than the previous approximation,
the quantized value is high or else it is low. The output of the one-bit quantizer is given
to the Logic step size control circuit where the step size is decided.
At the logic step size control circuit, the output is decided based on the quantizer output.
If the quantizer output is high, then the step size is doubled for the next sample. If the
quantizer output is low, the step size is reduced by one step for the next sample.

The transmitter circuit consists of a summer, quantizer, Delay circuit, and a logic
circuit for step size control. The baseband signal X(nTs) is given as input to the
circuit. The feedback circuit present in the transmitter is an Integrator. The
integrator generates the staircase approximation of the previous sample.
At the summer circuit, the difference between the present sample and staircase
approximation of previous sample e(nTs) is calculated. This error signal is passed to
the quantizer, where a quantized value is generated. The step size control block
controls the step size of the next approximation based on either the quantized
value is high or low. The quantized signal is given as output.
At the receiver end Demodulation takes place. The receiver has two parts. First part
is the step size control. Here the received signal is passed through a logic step size
control block, where the step size is produced from each incoming bit. Step size is
decided based on present and previous input. In the second part of the receiver, the
accumulator circuit recreates the staircase signal. This waveform is then applied to
a low pass filter which smoothens the waveform and recreates the original signal.

Procedure

1.​ Make the connections as per given figure.


2.​ Switch ON the power supply.
3.​ Set the input signal to 1 kHz, 2Vpp sine wave at the input of the buffer section.
4.​ Connect the buffer output to the CVSD (Continuously Variable Slope Delta
Modulator) input of the DPCM transmitter.
5.​ Adjust the clock frequency to 32 kHz.
6.​ Connect the CVSD modulated output to the input buffer of the ADM demodulator.
7.​ Observe the input sine wave, ADM output, and demodulated output waveforms
with and without a filter.
8.​ Repeat steps 3 to 8 for different input signal frequencies and different clock rates.
9.​ Observe the response of the CVSD modulator and demodulator.
10.​Draw the observed waveforms on graph paper.
11.​After completing the practical:​
a. Switch OFF the power supply.​
b. Remove all connections.​
c. Submit all wires and equipment used.
Observations:-
1.​ Sample and Hold
Input freq: 488.2Hz
Output freq: 490.1 Hz

2.​ Input & carrier waveform


Input freq: 488.2Hz
Carrier freq: 480.Hz
3.​ ADM modulated waveform
Input freq: 12.49kHz
Modulated freq: 24.99kHz

4.​ Demodulated output (same as input)


Input freq: 486.2Hz
Demodulated freq: 485.1Hz
Conclusion
In this experiment, we successfully implemented both modulation and demodulation
using Adaptive Delta Modulation (ADM). The results demonstrated the effectiveness of
ADM in reducing slope overload distortion and granular noise by dynamically adjusting
the step size according to the input signal variations.

We also verified the Nyquist criteria, ensuring that the sampling frequency was at least
twice the maximum frequency of the input signal. This validation confirmed that the
reconstructed signal closely approximated the original waveform without aliasing
effects. By recording and analyzing different frequencies, we observed that ADM
provides better signal fidelity compared to standard Delta Modulation, especially for
signals with varying amplitude and frequency.

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