INTRODUCTION to

HEALTH, SAFETY &

ENVIRONMENT (HSE)

SAMSON SIMON
SAFETY ENGINEER, YEDC.
 Lesson Objective (1)
At the end of the training, participants (trainees) will
be able to define and/or explain:
 Terms used in health and Safety:
 What health and safety at work means
 Influences on health and safety
 Major causes of fatalities, injuries and ill health
 Costs and benefits of health and safety to
employees and employers
 The Health and safety at work Act 1974
 The employee rights

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This happens on
daily basis.
Yes, its just a
picture, but what if it
was YOUR hand.
Could you work
again? What could
you do? Play with
your kids, on your
computer, drive????
THINK–THINK -
THINK

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Definition of terms used in Health and Safety (1)

Health
A state of well being, with the absence of
illness or disease

Safety
The absence of risks or harm

Accident
An unplanned or undesired event that can
result in harm to people, property or the
environment.
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 Definition of terms used in Health and Safety (2)

Exposure
The measurement of time during which the
subject is at risk from a hazard.

Fatality
Death due to a work related incident or
illness regardless of the time between injuries
or illness and death.

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 Definition of terms used in Health and Safety (4)

HSSE
Health, Safety, Security and Environment.

Near MISS
A Near Miss is an event where no contact or
exchange of energy occurred and thus did not
result in personal injury, asset loss or damage
to the environment.

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 Definition of terms used in Health and Safety (6)

Incident (Accident or Near miss)

An incident is an unwanted occurrence
capable of causing or has caused occupational
illness, injury or death to persons, property
damage, environmental damage, or loss or
reputation of the Company.

Risk
A measure of the likelihood that the harm
from a particular hazard will occur, taking into
account the possible severity of the harm.
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Definition of terms used in Health and Safety (7)

Man-hours
Total number of hours worked by workers
in a workplace over a period of time

SWL
Safe Working Load.

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 Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)
All equipment and
clothing intended
to be utilised, which
affords protection
against one or
more risks to
health and safety.
This includes
protection against
adverse Weather
conditions

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Can you see the use
of PPE in different
fields?
 Health and safety is about:
 Preventing accidents and injuries
 Ensuring well-being of:
workers (Full time, part-time, temporary
workers and self-employed), visitors
(members of the public), contractors and
customers,
 The physical environment, behavior of
people, competence and safe working
practices.
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 ACCIDENTS don’t just
happen…
“THEY ARE CAUSED”

All injuries can be prevented!

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 “You get the level of safety
that you demonstrate you want.”

(DuPont Proverb)

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ACCIDENT SEQUENCE
• Worker – (Present at the work site.)
• Faults – (Unsafe Act or condition exists)
• Cause – (Unsafe Act or condition occurs)
• Accident – (Occurs)
• Result – (Frequency-Severity)

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ACCIDENTS ARE CAUSED BY:

• Unsafe Acts
• Unsafe Conditions

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What Causes Injuries?
Unsafe Act :78%
unsafe condition:20%
Act of God: 2%

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MOST ACCIDENTS WERE CAUSED BY BOTH:

• UNSAFE ACTS, and

• UNSAFE CONDITIONS

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 UNSAFE CONDITION (Hazard):
Is a physical condition or circumstance that permits, or is
likely to cause an accident.

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 UNSAFE ACT (Work Practice):
Is any violation of (or departure from) an accepted normal,
or correct, procedure or practice.

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 What is ALARP?
A.L.A.R.P. is the acronym for As Low As
Reasonably Practicable. It refers to a process
of reducing likelihood of occurrence of an
incident (or the minimization of the effects
or consequences of such incidents.)

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ACCIDENTS
An undesired event that could
involve:
Workers
Materials
Tools
Equipment
Environment

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ACCIDENTS RESULTS TO:
• Injuries
• death
• Illnesses
• Property Damage

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Factors contributing to accidents
 Wearing unsuitable clothing
 Poor lighting or ventilation
 Bad house keeping standards
 Ignoring rules
 Use of alcohol or drugs or both
 Poor design and structure of building
 Fault y equipment
 Lack of information, instruction or training or
 etc

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Measures to prevent accident
 Examine the workplace and work activities to
anticipate the causes of accidents
 Control the environment, activities and specific
hazards
 Encourage co- operation between everyone in a
workplace
 Follow instructions and use safe procedures

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 Accident Ratios
1
1 Serious
Major Injury
Injury
10
Minor
29 Injuries
Minor Injuries 30
Property damage
accidents
300 600
Non-injury events Incidents that could
have had consequences
From research by From research by Bird
Heinrich in 1959 PCI HSE Course in 1966

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Benefits of Good Safety Management

•Reduction in the cost of medical and workers’

compensation
•Greater productivity
•Improved product or research quality
•Overall operation improvement

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Expectations for Safety
Performance

Employees must:
•Make safety equal to all other aspects of
the job
•Follow all safety rules and procedures

Management must:
•Accept responsibility for prevention of
injuries
•Accept responsibility for safety training

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Benefits of good health and Safety
to EMPLOYEES
 Motivation to work
 Confidence at work
 Better health
 Lesser risk of accidents
 Less absenteeism

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 EMPLOYEE RIGHTS
 RIGHT to a safe and healthy workplace
 RIGHT to have questions regarding safety
and health addressed
 RIGHT to receive and have access to all
information regarding workplace hazards
 RIGHT to refuse to perform an unsafe act

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 HAZARD
WHAT IS HAZARD ?

 Hazard is a potential source of danger. In

practical terms, a hazard often is associated with
condition or activity that, if left uncontrolled,
can result in an injury or illness.
Identifying the possible hazards in a workstations is
an important step toward the prevention of
serious accidents. An awareness of potential
hazards can help minimize the possibility of
personal injury or equipment damage.
 TYPES OF HAZARD

 Electrical Hazard

 Chemical Hazard

 Personal Hazard

 Mechanical Hazard

 Biological Hazard

 Psychosocial Hazard
 ELECTRICAL HAZARD
• one of the most obvious hazards at homes, in places of work
and our environment is the danger associated with
electricity. Any energized conductor or equipment, such as
wires, power transformers, and circuit breakers, can be
electrical hazards. The danger is in contacting an energized
circuit. It is not possible to tell if a conductor is energized or
not just by looking at it. The safest approach is to assume
that all conductors are energized until it can be proven that
they are not.
Electricity for You
Electricity for You
 CHEMICAL HAZARDS
Chemical hazards include any liquid or gas that may present
a danger if it is not handled properly.
Example: the batteries we’ve been
using contain Sulphuric Acid that is
dangerous to the body if not well
taken care of.
Also, when these batteries are
charged, they give off hydrogen gas
which is explosive when mixed
with air.
Smoking, or any open flame that
can ignite the gas should not be
allowed in battery room.
 PERSONAL HAZARD
• Another general category of
hazards can be called personal
hazards.
Personal hazards are hazards that
result from carelessness or unsafe
work habits. Leaving a work area
or stairway cluttered with
obstacles, lifting heavy loads
incorrectly, and using a ladder
improperly can all be considered
personal hazards.
I MUST FIND IT IN ONE OF MY
DRAWER
PROPER USE OF TOILETS
 MECHANICAL HAZARDS
 Injuries from moving parts of static machinery
 Injuries from moving vehicles
 Injuries from falling objects (including head
injuries)
 Injuries from flying objects following an explosion
 Injuries to eye from moving particles
 Injuries to eye from prolonged exposure to bright
light
 Loss of hearing due to prolonged exposure to
noise
BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
 Biological hazards, also known as biohazards,
refer to biological substances that pose a
threat to the health of living organisms,
primarily that of humans
PSYCHOSOCIAL HAZARDS

 Psychosocial hazards are aspects of the work

environment and the way that work is
organized that are associated with psychiatric,
psychological and/or physical injury or illness
of work-related stress
 FIRE HAZARD
CHEMISTRY OF FIRE
 FUEL – any material that is available for burning is referred to as fuel.
 HEAT – rise in temperature of the material to burn from atmospheric to the
ignition temperature is the required heat.
 OXYGEN – there is 21% oxygen in the atmosphere, this support combustion.

FIRE

OXYGEN
 CLASSES OF FIRE
CLASS A
Fire originating from things that burn freely in the air. These are
papers, woods, textiles, plastics etc.
CLASS B
Liquid hydrocarbon fires, like petrol, diesel, kerosene and cooking oils.
CLASS C (Gases)
Fires involving flammable gases, e.g. LPG, Propane, Natural gases,
Acetylene, etc.
CLASSLESS FIRE
Fire from energized electrical equipment such as electric motors,
outlets, panel boards etc.
CLASS D
Fires from metals and metallic compounds.Very reactive metals like
sodium, titanium, magnesium, potassium, calcium and compounds like
tri-ethyl-aluminium (TEAL).
 CAUSES OF FIRE
Fires are caused by IGNORANCE,
CARELESSNESS and NATURAL DESASTERS
Interestingly only 3% of fires are known to be caused
by natural disaster. 97% caused by either ignorance or
carelessness. This means we can reduce fire outbreak
to the barest minimum, since most are caused by
human nature.
Before Using A Fire Extinguisher

 Call for help before attempting

to extinguish a serious fire.
 Check for your own safety before
starting to extinguish a fire
• Assess the fire and check the
type of extinguisher
 EMERGENCY RESPONSE
PROCEDURE
In case of fire incident:
 Raise alarm
 Call fire service
 Composed - fight fire
 Confused – move to muster point (Close door
behind you)
FIRE FIGHTING: SMOTHERING
FIRE FIGHTING: STARVING
COOLING
HOW TO USE FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Can you find the hazard(s)?

2
3

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Is there a Hazard?

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Is there a Hazard?

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 Safety First & Last
Our work is never so urgent or
important that we cannot take
the time to do it safely!

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Thank you for your time!

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