“Multi Traffic Scene Perception Based On Supervised

Learning”

A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO SRM INSTITUTE

OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE

AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN APPLIED DATA SCIENCE

BY

ROSHAN JOEL K

REG NO. RA2332014010236

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Dr. SHANTHI R , MCA., M.Phil., Ph.D.,NET.,

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES

SRM INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Kattankulathur – 603 203

Chennai-Tamil

APRIL-2025
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report titled “Multi Traffic Scene Perception

Based On Supervised Learning” is a Bonafide work carried out by ROSHAN JOEL K

(RA2332014010236) under my supervision for the award of the Degree In Master of

Science In Applied Data Science . To my knowledge the work reported herein is the

original work done by this student.

Dr. SHANTHI R Dr. R Jayashree

Assistant Professor, Associate Professor & Head,

Department of Computer Applications Department of Computer Applications

(GUIDE)

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

 DECLARATION OF ASSOCIATION OF RESEARCH PROJECT
WITH SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

This is to certify that the research project entitled “Multi Traffic Scene

Perception Based On Supervised Learning” carried out by ROSHAN JOEL K under

the supervision of Dr. SHANTHI R in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the

award of Post-Graduation program has been significantly or potentially associated with

SDG Goal No 07 (SEVEN) titled AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY

This study has clearly shown the extent to which its goals and objectives have

been met in terms of filling the research gaps, identifying needs, resolving problems, and

developing innovative solutions locally for achieving the above-mentioned SDG on a

National and/or on an international level.

SIGNATURE OF THE STUDENT GUIDE

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

With profound gratitude to the ALMIGHTY, I take this chance to thank people
who helped me to complete this project.

I take this as a right opportunity to say THANKS to my parents who are there to
stand with me always with the words “YOU CAN”.

I wish to express my sincere gratitude to Dr.T.R. Paarivendhar, Chancellor,

SRM Institute of Science &Technology who gave us the platform to establish me to reach
greater heights.

I am thankful to Prof. A. Vinay Kumar, Pro Vice-Chancellor (SBL)

and Dr. A. Duraisamy, Dean, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of
Science & Technology for their unwavering support throughout my project.

I earnestly thank Dr. S. Albert Antony Raj, Professor and Deputy Dean, College
of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Humanities who always encourage me to do novel
things.

I express my sincere thanks to Dr. R. Jayashree, Associate Professor and Head,

Department of Computer Applications, Faculty of Science and Humanities for her
valuable guidance and support to execute all incline in learning.

It is my delight to thank my project guide Dr. SHANTHI R , Assistant Professor,

Department of Computer Applications for her help, support, encouragement, suggestions,
and guidance throughout the development phases of the project.

I convey my gratitude to all the faculty members of the department who extended
their support through valuable comments and suggestions during the reviews.

A great note of gratitude to friends and people who are known and unknown to
me who helped in carrying out this project work a successful one.

ROSHAN JOEL K
PLAGIARISM CERTIFICATE
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 1

2. LITERATURE STUDY ....................................................................................... 3

3. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS ............................................ 4

3.1 HARDWARE SPECIFICATION ................................................................... 4

3.2 SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION ..................................................................... 4

3.3 ABOUT THE SOFTWARE AND ITS FEATURE ......................................... 5

4 SYSTEM ANALYSIS..................................................................................................... 6

4.1 EXISTING SYSTEM ...................................................................................... 6

4.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF EXISTING SYSTEM ............................................. 7

4.3 FEASIBILITY STUDY .................................................................................... 8

4.4 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION........................................... 9

5 SYSTEM DESIGN ....................................................................................................... 10

5.1 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE............................................................................. 10

5.2 USE CASE DIAGRAM..................................................................................... 12

5.3 CLASS DIAGRAM ........................................................................................... 14

5.4 ACTIVITY DIAGRAM .................................................................................... 13

6 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION ................................................................................. 16

6.1 MODULE DESCRIPTION................................................................................ 16

6.2 VALIDATION CHECKS .................................................................................. 17

7 TESTING ...................................................................................................................... 19
7.1 TEST CASES .................................................................................................... 19

7.2 UNIT TESTING ................................................................................................ 20

7.3 INTEGRATED TESTING................................................................................. 22

8 RESULT AND CONCLUSION ................................................................................... 23

8.1 RESULT ........................................................................................................... 23

8.2 FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS ........................................................................... 24

9 APPENDICES .............................................................................................................. 26

9.1 SAMPLE CODING ........................................................................................... 29

9.2 SCREEN SHOTS ............................................................................................. 41

9.3 USER DOCUMENTATION ............................................................................. 50

9.4 GLOSSARY ...................................................................................................... 51

9.5 PROJECT RECOGNITIONS ............................................................................ 52

10 REFERENCES .............................................................................................. 53

BOOK REFERENCES ............................................................................................ 53

 ABSTRACT

Detecting transmission towers in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images is

challenging due to their small size and varying environmental backgrounds. This study
introduces a hierarchical detection method designed specifically for transmission
towers. The process begins by calculating the Signal-to-Clutter Ratios (SCRs) of pixels.
A threshold is applied, identifying pixels with strong scattering features as possible
tower locations.

Next, the spatial distribution of these potential pixels is analyzed. Based on

aggregation behavior, pixels with low spatial density are discarded. The remaining
pixels are grouped using a nearest neighbor approach, ensuring each group lies within a
certain distance threshold, marking them as tower candidates.

To enhance the visualization, filters are applied to view the data in different color
formats. Additionally, Machine Learning clustering techniques are employed—
specifically, Le-net and ZF-Net models—to extract features and perform image
segmentation.
 LIST OF FIGURES
S NO FIGURE NO FIGURE NAME PAGE NO
1 5.1.1 System Architecture 23
2 5.2.1 Use Case Diagram 24
3 5.2.1 Class Diagram 25
4 5.3.1 Activity Diagram 26
 LIST OF SCREENSHOTS

S NO PHOTO NO PHOTO NAME PAGE NO

1 9.2.1 Analyzing Of Gray Scale Matrix 34

2 9.2.2 User Login 35

3 9.2.3 New User 36

4 9.2.4 Upload Page 37

5 9.2.5 Home Page 38

6 9.2.6 Traffic Image Dataset 39

7 9.2.7 Pie Chart 40

8 9.2.8 Bar Chart 41

9 9.2.9 Column Chart 42

 1. INTRODUCTION

Highway traffic accidents bring huge losses to people’s lives and property. The
advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) play a significant role in reducing traffic accidents.
Multi-traffic scene perception of complex weather condition is a piece of valuable information
for assistance systems. Based on different weather category, specialized approaches can be
used to improve visibility. This will contribute to expand the application of ADAS. Little work
has been done on weather related issues for in-vehicle camera systems so far. Payne and Singh
propose classifying indoor and outdoor images by edge intensity. Lu et al. propose a sunny and
cloudy weather classification method for single outdoor image. Lee and Kim propose intensity
curves arranged to classify fog levels by a neural network. Zheng et al. present a novel
framework for recognizing different weather conditions. Milford et al. present vision-based
simultaneous localization and mapping in changing outdoor environments. Detecting critical
changes of environments while driving is an important task.

In driver assistance systems. Liu et al. propose a vision-based skyline detection

algorithm under image brightness variations. Fu et al. propose automatic traffic data collection
under varying lighting conditions. Fritsch et al. use classifiers for detecting road area under
multitraffic scene. Wang et al. propose a multi-vehicle detection and tracking system and it is
evaluated by road way video captured in a variety of illumination and weather conditions.
Satzoda and Trivedi propose a vehicle detection method on seven different datasets that
captured varying road, traffic, and weather conditions. However, there is always some risk to
investment in market due to its unpredictable behavior. weather prediction is a classic problem
which has been analyzed extensively using techniques of supervised Learning. The successful
prediction of weather could prevent some of accidents. So, an intelligent prediction model for
weather forecasting would be highly desirable and would be of wider interest. Machine
learning techniques are very popular in building real- time application model which provide
better result than other methods

1
 Image feature extraction is the premise step of supervised learning. It is divided into
global feature extraction and local feature extraction. In the work, we are interested in the entire
image, the global feature descriptions are suitable and conducive to understand complex image.
Therefore, multi-traffic scene perception more concerned about global features, such as color
distribution, texture features. Image feature extraction is the most important process in pattern
recognition and it is the most efficient way to simplify high-dimensional image data. Because

it is hard to obtain some information from the M × N × 3-dimensional image matrix.

Therefore, owing to perceive multi-traffic scene, the key information must be extracted from
the image. Many methods have been developed to predict weather conditions related data using
various techniques and models. we need data along with factors where we select machine
learning with other techniques just because they give us the better results than the other random
prediction model. Supporting vectors in machine learning can provide the classification and
few other trending models such as deep neural network etc

2
 2. LITERATURE SURVEY

[1] TITLE: Two-Class Weather Classification

AUTHOR: Cewu Lu; Di Lin; Jiaya Jia; Chi-Keung Tang

DESCRIPTION:
Given a single outdoor image, we propose a collaborative learning approach using novel
weather features to label the image as either sunny or cloudy. Though limited, this two-class
classification problem is by no means trivial given the great variety of outdoor images captured
by different cameras where the images may have been edited after capture. Our overall weather
feature combines the data-driven convolutional neural network (CNN) feature and well-chosen
weather-specific features. They work collaboratively within a unified optimization framework
that is aware of the presence (or absence) of a given weather cue during learning and
classification. In this paper we propose a new data augmentation scheme to substantially enrich
the training data, which is used to train a latent SVM framework to make our solution
insensitive to global intensity transfer. Extensive experiments are performed to verify our
method. Compared with our previous work and the sole use of a CNN classifier, this paper
improves the accuracy up to 7-8 percent. Our weather image dataset is available together with
the executable of our classifier.

[2] TITLE: Traffic Flow Prediction for Road Transportation Networks with Limited Traffic
Data

AUTHOR: Afshin Abadi; Tooraj Rajabioun; Petros A. Ioannou

DESCRIPTION:
Obtaining accurate information about current and near-term future traffic flows of all links in
a traffic network has a wide range of applications, including traffic forecasting, vehicle
navigation devices, vehicle routing, and congestion management. A major problem in getting
traffic flow information in real time is that the vast majority of links is not equipped with traffic
sensors. Another problem is that factors affecting traffic flows, such as accidents, public events,
and road closures, are often unforeseen, suggesting that traffic flow forecasting is a challenging
task. In this paper, we first use a dynamic traffic simulator to generate flows in all links using
available traffic information, estimated demand, and historical traffic data available from links
equipped with sensors. We implement an optimization methodology to adjust the origin-to-
destination matrices driving the simulator. We then use the real-time and estimated traffic data

3
to predict the traffic flows on each link up to 30 min ahead. The prediction algorithm is based
on an autoregressive model that adapts itself to unpredictable events. As a case study, we
predict the flows of a traffic network in San Francisco, CA, USA, using a macroscopic traffic
flow simulator. We use Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate our methodology. Our simulations
demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed approach. The traffic flow prediction errors vary
from an average of 2% for 5-min prediction windows to 12% for 30-min windows even in the
presence of unpredictable events.
[3] TITLE: Short-time prediction method based on fractal theory for traffic flow

AUTHOR: Chen Ning; Wu Jian; Wang Yifeng; Xu Juanjun; Dong Hangzao

DESCRIPTION:
It's very difficult to predict the nonlinear traffic flow message, especially short-time traffic
flow. To solve the issue, the nonlinear fractal phenomenon of urban traffic is analyzed. Based
on the fractal prediction technology applied in other fields, a dedicated improved fractal model
is raised to predict short-time traffic flow parameter. A minimum fractal dimension is given
according to the distinguished concrete traffic circumstance in the model. The weekly traffic
similarity is also inducted to improve the accuracy of the model. Finally, the improved fractal
model is employed to predict the traffic flow in Hangzhou city. The experiment result shows
the improved fractal method proposed here possesses a high prediction precision.
[4] TITLE: Road Traffic State Prediction with a Maximum Entropy Method

AUTHOR: Honghui Dong; Limin Jia; Xiaoliang Sun; Chenxi Li; Yong Qin; Min Guo
DESCRIPTION:
The prediction of the traffic state can give the people the important traveling information. In
this paper, the traffic state prediction problem is studied. A maximum entropy (ME) approach
is proposed for the traffic state prediction, which consider the prediction process as a
classification problem instead of predicting the traffic flow parameters. The traffic state is
defined as six classes according to the level of service. The maximum entropy approach is
introduced to model this prediction process. In the ME framework, more different features can
be used regardless of the features' dependence. The temporal and spatial features can be used
together, which is hard to accomplished in the previous methods. The experiments show that
the maximum entropy model is competent for the traffic state prediction. The most advantage
of the maximum entropy model is that the road network features can be introduced. And this
method can be also introduced to predict the long-time traffic state in the future work.

4
[5] TITLE: Network Traffic Prediction Model Considering Road Traffic Parameters Using
Artificial Intelligence Methods in VANET

AUTHOR: Sanaz Shaker Sepasgozar; Samuel Pierre

DESCRIPTION:

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) are established on vehicles that are intelligent and can
have Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Road Side Units (V2R) communications. In
this paper, we propose a model for predicting network traffic by considering the parameters
that can lead to road traffic happening. The proposed model integrates a Random Forest- Gated
Recurrent Unit- Network Traffic Prediction algorithm (RF-GRU-NTP) to predict the network
traffic flow based on the traffic in the road and network simultaneously. This model has three
phases including network traffic prediction based on V2R communication, road traffic
prediction based on V2V communication, and network traffic prediction considering road
traffic happening based on V2V and V2R communication. The hybrid proposed model which
implements in the third phase, selects the important features from the combined dataset
(including V2V and V2R communications), by using the Random Forest (RF) machine
learning algorithm, then the deep learning algorithms to predict the network traffic flow apply,
where the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) algorithm gives the best results. The simulation results
show that the proposed RF-GRU-NTP model has better performance in execution time and
prediction errors than other algorithms which used for network traffic prediction

5
3. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS

3.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:

CPU type I5
Ram size 4GB

Hard disk capacity 80 GB

Keyboard type Internet keyboard
Monitor type 15 Inch colour monitor
CD -drive type 52xmax

3.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:

Operating System Windows 7or later

Simulation Tool Anaconda (spyder)

Documentation Ms – Office

6
3.3 ABOUT THE SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS AND FEATURES

ARTIFICIAL INTELLINGENCE:

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of a computer program or a machine to think

and learn. It is also a field of study which tries to make computers "smart". As machines become
increasingly capable, mental facilities once thought to require intelligence are removed from
the definition. AI is an area of computer sciences that emphasizes the creation of intelligent
machines that work and reacts like humans. Some of the activities computers with artificial
intelligence are designed for include: Face recognition, Learning, Planning, Decision making
etc.,

Artificial intelligence is the use of computer science programming to imitate human

thought and action by analysing data and surroundings, solving or anticipating problems and
learning or self-teaching to adapt to a variety of tasks.

MACHINE LEARNING

Machine learning is a growing technology which enables computers to learn

automatically from past data. Machine learning uses various algorithms for building
mathematical models and making predictions using historical data or information. Currently,
it is being used for various tasks such as image recognition, speech recognition, email
filtering, Facebook auto-tagging, recommender system, and many more.

Machine Learning is said as a subset of artificial intelligence that is mainly concerned

with the development of algorithms which allow a computer to learn from the data and past
experiences on their own. The term machine learning was first introduced by Arthur
Samuel in 1959. We can define it in a summarized way as: “Machine learning enables a
machine to automatically learn from data, improve performance from experiences, and predict
things without being explicitly programmed”.

A Machine Learning system learns from historical data, builds the prediction models,
and whenever it receives new data, predicts the output for it. The accuracy of predicted output

7
depends upon the amount of data, as the huge amount of data helps to build a better model
which predicts the output more accurately.

Suppose we have a complex problem, where we need to perform some predictions, so

instead of writing a code for it, we just need to feed the data to generic algorithms, and with
the help of these algorithms, machine builds the logic as per the data and predict the output.
Machine learning has changed our way of thinking about the problem. The below block
diagram explains the working of Machine Learning algorithm,

Features of Machine Learning:

 Machine learning uses data to detect various patterns in a given dataset.

 It can learn from past data and improve automatically.

 It is a data-driven technology.

 Machine learning is much similar to data mining as it also deals with the huge amount
of the data.

Classification of Machine Learning

At a broad level, a model using labelled data to understand the datasets and learn about
each data, once the training and processing are done then we test the model by providing a
sample data to check whether it is predicting the exact output or not.

The goal of supervised learning is to map input data with the output data. The
supervised learning is based on supervision, and it is the same as when a student learns things
in the supervision of the teacher. The example of supervised learning is spam filtering.

Supervised learning can be grouped further in two categories of algorithms:

 Classification

 Regression

Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a learning method in which a machine learns without any

supervision. The training is provided to the machine with the set of data that has not been

8
labelled, classified, or categorized, and the algorithm needs to act on that data without any
supervision. The goal of unsupervised learning is to restructure the input data into new features
or a group of objects with similar patterns.

In unsupervised learning, we don't have a predetermined result. The machine tries to

find useful insights from the huge amount of data.

It can be further classifieds into two categories of algorithms:

 Clustering

 Association

ALGORITHMS USED :

DJANGO

Django is an MVT web framework that is used to build web applications. The huge
Django web-framework comes with so many “batteries included” that developers often get
amazed as to how everything manages to work together. The principle behind adding so many
batteries is to have common web functionalities in the framework itself instead of adding latter
as a separate library.

One of the main reasons behind the popularity of Django framework is the huge Django
community. The community is so huge that a separate website was devoted to it where
developers from all corners developed third-party packages including authentication,
authorization, full-fledged Django powered CMS systems, e-commerce add-ons and so on.
There is a high probability that what you are trying to develop is already developed by
somebody and you just need to pull that into your project.

Python is arguably one of the easiest programming languages to learn because of its
simple language constructs, flow structure and easy syntax. It is versatile and runs websites,
desktop applications and mobile applications embedded in many devices and is used in other
applications as a popular scripting language.

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Batteries Included

Django comes with common libraries which are essential to build common
functionalities like URL routing, authentication, an object-relational mapper (ORM), a
templating system and db.-schema migrations.

Built-in admin

Django has an in-built administration interface which lets you handle your models, user/
group permissions and to manage users. With model interface in place, there is no need for a
separate database administration program for all but advanced database functions.

MySQL

A database is a separate application that stores a collection of data. Each database has
one or more distinct APIs for creating, accessing, managing, searching and replicating the data
it holds.

Other kinds of data stores can also be used, such as files on the file system or large hash
tables in memory but data fetching and writing would not be so fast and easy with those type
of systems.

Nowadays, we use relational database management systems (RDBMS) to store and

manage huge volume of data. This is called relational database because all the data is stored
into different tables and relations are established using primary keys or other keys known
as Foreign Keys.

A Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) is a software that −

 Enables you to implement a database with tables, columns and indexes.

 Guarantees the Referential Integrity between rows of various tables.

 Updates the indexes automatically.

 Interprets an SQL query and combines information from various tables.

MySQL is a fast, easy-to-use RDBMS being used for many small and big businesses.
MySQL is developed, marketed and supported by MySQL AB, which is a Swedish company.
MySQL is becoming so popular because of many good reasons −

10
  MySQL is released under an open-source license. So you have nothing to pay to use it.

 MySQL is a very powerful program in its own right. It handles a large subset of the
functionality of the most expensive and powerful database packages.

 MySQL uses a standard form of the well-known SQL data language.

 MySQL works on many operating systems and with many languages including PHP,
PERL, C, C++, JAVA, etc.

 MySQL works very quickly and works well even with large data sets

Requirements are a feature of a system or description of something that the system is

capable of doing in order to fulfil the system’s purpose. It provides the appropriate mechanism
for understanding what the customer wants, analyzing the needs assessing feasibility,
negotiating a reasonable solution, specifying the solution unambiguously, validating the
specification and managing the requirements as they are translated into an operational system.

PYTHON:

Python is a dynamic, high level, free open source and interpreted programming
language. It supports object-oriented programming as well as procedural oriented
programming. In Python, we don’t need to declare the type of variable because it is a
dynamically typed language.

For example, x=10. Here, x can be anything such as String, int, etc.
Python is an interpreted, object-oriented programming language similar to PERL, that
has gained popularity because of its clear syntax and readability. Python is said to be relatively
easy to learn and portable, meaning its statements can be interpreted in a number of operating
systems, including UNIX-based systems, Mac OS, MS-DOS, OS/2, and various versions of
Microsoft Windows 98. Python was created by Guido van Rossum, a former resident of the
Netherlands, whose favourite comedy group at the time was Monty Python's Flying Circus.
The source code is freely available and open for modification and reuse. Python has a
significant number of users.

Features in Python

There are many features in Python, some of which are discussed below
 Easy to code

11
  Free and Open Source
 Object-Oriented Language
 GUI Programming Support
 High-Level Language
 Extensible feature
 Python is Portable language
 Python is Integrated language
 Interpreted Language

ANACONDA

Anaconda distribution comes with over 250 packages automatically installed, and over
7,500 additional open-source packages can be installed from PyPI as well as the conda package
and virtual environment manager. It also includes a GUI, Anaconda Navigator,[12] as a
graphical alternative to the command line interface (CLI).

The big difference between conda and the pip package manager is in how package
dependencies are managed, which is a significant challenge for Python data science and the
reason conda exists.

When pip installs a package, it automatically installs any dependent Python packages
without checking if these conflict with previously installed packages. It will install a package
and any of its dependencies regardless of the state of the existing installation. Because of this,
a user with a working installation of, for example, Google Tensorflow, can find that it stops
working having used pip to install a different package that requires a different version of the
dependent numpy library than the one used by Tensorflow. In some cases, the package may
appear to work but produce different results in detail.

In contrast, conda analyses the current environment including everything currently

installed, and, together with any version limitations specified (e.g., the user may wish to have
Tensorflow version 2,0 or higher), works out how to install a compatible set of dependencies,
and shows a warning if this cannot be done.

Open-source packages can be individually installed from the Anaconda

repository, Anaconda Cloud (anaconda.org), or the user's own private repository or mirror,
using the conda install command. Anaconda, Inc. compiles and builds the packages available
in the Anaconda repository itself, and provides binaries for Windows 32/64 bit, Linux 64 bit

12
and MacOS 64-bit. Anything available on PyPI may be installed into a conda environment
using pip, and conda will keep track of what it has installed itself and what pip has installed.

Custom packages can be made using the conda build command, and can be shared with
others by uploading them to Anaconda Cloud, PyPI or other repositories.

The default installation of Anaconda2 includes Python 2.7 and Anaconda3 includes
Python 3.7. However, it is possible to create new environments that include any version of
Python packaged with conda.

Anaconda Navigator

Anaconda Navigator is a desktop graphical user interface (GUI) included in Anaconda

distribution that allows users to launch applications and manage conda packages, environments
and channels without using command-line commands. Navigator can search for packages on
Anaconda Cloud or in a local Anaconda Repository, install them in an environment, run the
packages and update them. It is available for Windows, macOS and Linux.

The following applications are available by default in Navigator: [16]

 JupyterLab

 Jupyter Notebook

 QtConsole

 Spyder

 Glue

 Orange

 RStudio

 Visual Studio Code

JUPYTER NOTEBOOK

Spyder

Spyder is a powerful scientific environment written in Python, for Python, and designed by
and for scientists, engineers and data analysts. It features a unique combination of the advanced
editing, analysis, debugging and profiling functionality of a comprehensive development tool
with the data exploration, interactive execution, deep inspection and beautiful visualization
capabilities of a scientific package’s Furthermore, Spyder offers built-in integration with many

13
popular scientific packages, including NumPy, SciPy, Pandas, I Python, QtConsole,
Matplotlib, SymPy, and more. Beyond its many built-in features, Spyder can be extended even
further via third-party plugins. Spyder can also be used as a PyQt5 extension library, allowing
you to build upon its functionality and embed its components, such as the interactive console
or advanced editor, in your own software.

Features of Spyder

Some of the remarkable features of Spyder are:

 Customizable Syntax Highlighting

 Availability of breakpoints (debugging and conditional breakpoints)

 Interactive execution which allows you to run line, file, cell, etc.

 Run configurations for working directory selections, command-line options,

current/ dedicated/ external console, etc

 Can clear variables automatically (or enter debugging)

 Navigation through cells, functions, blocks, etc can be achieved through the Outline
Explorer

 It provides real-time code introspection (The ability to examine what functions,

keywords, and classes are, what they are doing and what information they contain)

 Automatic colon insertion after if, while, etc

 Supports all the IPython magic commands

 Inline display for graphics produced using Matplotlib

 Also provides features such as help, file explorer, find files, etc

14
 4.SYSTEM ALANYSIS

4.1 EXISTING SYSTEM

As a consequence of automotive accidents on the highway, a significant number of lives

and properties are lost. Vehicles equipped with advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS)
are more likely to be involved in fewer traffic incidents. In the case of extreme weather, a multi-
traffic display of the circumstances might be valuable to humanitarian organizations.
Depending on the weather circumstances, a variety of techniques for improving vision may be
used. This will aid in the acceleration of the implementation of ADAS. Until far, car cameras
have received relatively little attention when it comes to weather-related elements such as ice
and snow. The contrast between images taken on the inside and photographs taken on the
outside is distinguished by the intensity of the edges. There is a wide range in the amount of
data that is automatically collected from one system to the next. the amount of light that is
emitted and the amount of lighting Among those who have made contributions are Fritch and
a bunch of others. The ability to recognize road segments in a range of traffic circumstances
has been shown.

DISADVANTAGES:

Using this strategy, it is not possible to detect changes in meteorological conditions in

real time.

The final report does not provide an appropriate forecast of weather conditions based
on the findings of the traffic study.

4.2 Characteristics of the Existing System

1. Accident Reduction – The system aims to reduce traffic incidents by utilizing

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS).

2. Multi-Traffic Display – In extreme weather conditions, the system provides a visual

representation of the traffic situation, which can be useful for humanitarian
organizations.

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 3. Vision Enhancement – The system employs various techniques to improve visibility
under different weather conditions, assisting in ADAS implementation.

4. Car Camera Limitations – Current car cameras do not adequately address weather-
related challenges such as ice and snow, affecting visibility and image quality.

5. Edge Intensity Differentiation – The system distinguishes between interior and

exterior images based on the intensity of edges, helping to interpret road conditions.

6. Data Collection Variability – The system collects data from multiple sources, but the
amount and type of data gathered vary significantly between different systems.

7. Lighting Dependency – The effectiveness of the system depends on the amount of

emitted and available light, impacting visibility and image processing.

8. Road Segment Recognition – The system has the capability to identify different road
segments under varying traffic conditions.

4.3 FEASIBILITY STUDY

The feasibility of the project is analyzed in this phase and business proposal is put forth
N with a very general plan for the project and some cost estimates. During system analysis the
feasibility study of the proposed system is to be carried out. This is to ensure that the proposed
system is not a burden to the company. For feasibility analysis, some understanding of the
major requirements for the system is essential. Three key considerations involved in the
feasibility analysis are

i. Economic Feasibility

ii. Technical Feasibility

iii. Social Feasibility

Economic Feasibility

This study is carried out to check the economic impact that the system will have on the
organization. The amount of fund that the company can pour into the research and development
of the system is limited. The expenditures must be justified. Thus, the developed system as
well within the budget and this was achieved because most of the technologies used are freely
available. Only the customized products had to be purchased.

16
Technical Feasibility

This study is carried out to check the technical feasibility, that is, the technical
requirements of the system. Any system developed must not have a high demand on the
available technical resources. This will lead to high demands on the available technical
resources. This will lead to high demands being placed on the client. The developed system
must have a modest requirement, as only minimal or null changes are required for
implementing this system.

Social Feasibility

The aspect of study is to check the level of acceptance of the system by the user. This
includes the process of training the user to use the system efficiently. The user must not feel
threatened by the system, instead must accept it as a necessity. The level of acceptance by the
users solely depends on the methods that are employed to educate the user about the system
and to make him familiar with it. His level of confidence must be raised so that he is also able
to make some constructive criticism, which is welcomed, as he is the final user of the system.

4.4 PROPOSED SYSTEM

By Using Advanced OpenCV module we are reading the given image and separating it in L-
Channel, A-Channel and B-Channel colors.

And final result will be displayed in LAB color mode so that images can be properly
segmented to show weather in selected area .

17
Image feature extraction is the premise step of supervised learning. It is divided into global
feature extraction and local feature extraction. In the work, we are interested in the entire image,
the global feature descriptions are suitable and conducive to understand complex image.
Therefore, multi-traffic scene perception more concerned about global features, such as color
distribution, texture features outdoor conditions. Propose night image enhancement method in
order to improve night-time driving and reduce rear-end accident.

Advantages:

High Performance and accuracy.

Easily Extract the Features.

High Level Prediction of Risk Analysis.

18
 5. SYSTEM DESIGN

5.1 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

Front end Raw data Data Pre

(Django) processing

Feature
identification

Training Testing dataset

dataset

Trained
dataset result

Prediction of weather

19
5.2 USE CASE DIAGRAM

20
5.3 CLASS DIAGRAM

21
5.4 ACTIVITY DIAGRAM

22
 6.SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

6.1MODULE DESCRIPTION
 Module 1: Front end Django
 Module 2: Data collection
 Module 3: data pre processing
 Module 4: training the model
 Module 5: Prediction

Module 1: Front end Django

Using Django, we implement front end for this project. Using this framework, we can
access in web application form.
It is used to retrieve the information from data base. And view that data in web page.

Module 2: Data collection

Firstly, Dataset can be collected from various sources of any organization. The right
dataset helps for the prediction and it can be manipulated as per our requirement. Our data is
in the form of images it may be based on night, fog, and rainy. The data can be collected from
the organization based on the areas where the weather can be seen unusual. By collecting
these it makes accurate in prediction.

Module 3: Data Pre processing

All the data was collected, the data is in the form of the images. Images are collected
by the use of driving recorder and the image set is established for training.in the first step the
matching values for all pixels and all disparities are calculated. In the second step the
disparity values are interpolated to sub-pixel accuracy by fitting a quadratic curve to the
matching values in the neighbourhood of the best matching value.

Module 4: Train the model

Deploying the Model After the data has been prepared and transformed, the next step
was to build the classification model using the support vector classifier technique. This
technique was selected because the construction of support vector classifiers does not require
any domain knowledge. By using the attribute, we have considered in the dataset we train the
model by using the algorithm. The training sets are used to tune and fit the models.

23
Module 5: Prediction
The final output of this project is displayed with website consist of information of the
image such as Uploader name, Weather condition, Area, District, State and Traffic image.

6.2 Validation Checks

Validation checks ensure the accuracy and reliability of the system by verifying data
inputs and processing. Here are some key validation checks for this project:

Image Input Validation:

o Check if the uploaded image is in the correct format (JPEG, PNG, etc.).
o Ensure image resolution meets the required threshold for accurate processing.
o Validate that the image is not blank or corrupted.

Real-Time Data Validation:

o Verify sensor data (temperature, humidity, lighting conditions) is within
realistic ranges.
o Check that traffic data is continuously received from the monitoring system.

Weather Condition Validation:

o Cross-check predicted weather with external APIs or historical data.
o Ensure missing or incomplete weather data is handled properly.

Traffic Detection Validation:

o Compare detected vehicles with expected patterns in different weather
conditions.
o Use confidence scores to filter out false positives in object detection.

Database Validation:
o Ensure data is stored in the correct format (structured tables, JSON, etc.).
o Perform integrity checks to prevent duplicate or inconsistent data.

User Input Validation (for Reports & Queries):

o Validate user input fields (dates, location filters, report types).
o Prevent SQL injection and security vulnerabilities in queries.

System Performance Validation:

o Monitor processing speed and ensure image analysis completes within the
expected time.
o Test system stability under different loads (e.g., multiple camera feeds).

24
 7.TESTING

The purpose of testing is to discover errors. Testing is the process of trying to discover
every conceivable fault or weakness in a work product. It provides a way to check the
functionality of components, sub – assemblies, assemblies and/or a finished product It is the
process of exercising software with the intent of ensuring that the
Software system meets its requirements and user expectations and does not fail in an
unacceptable manner. There are various types of tests. Each test type addresses a specific
testing requirement.

TYPES OF TESTS
7.1 UNIT TESTING
Unit testing involves the design of test cases that validate that the internal program logic
is functioning properly, and that program inputs produce valid outputs. All decision branches
and internal code flow should be validated. It is the testing of individual software units of the
application It is done after the completion of an individual unit before integration. This is a
structural testing, that relies on knowledge of its construction and is invasive. Unit tests
perform basic tests at component level and test a specific business process, application,
and/or system configuration. Unit tests ensure that each unique path of a business process
performs accurately to the documented specifications and contains clearly defined inputs and
expected results.
Unit testing is usually conducted as part of a combined code and unit test phase of the
software lifecycle, although it is not uncommon for coding and unit testing to be conducted as
two distinct phases.

Test strategy and approach

Field testing will be performed manually and functional tests will be written in detail.

Test objectives
 All field entries must work properly.
 Pages must be activated from the identified link.
 The entry screen, messages and responses must not be delayed.
System testing is based on process descriptions and flows, emphasizing pre-driven
process links and integration points.

7.2 INTEGRATION TESTING

Integration tests are designed to test integrated software components to determine if
they actually run as one program. Testing is event driven and is more concerned with the
basic outcome of screens or fields. Integration tests demonstrate that although the
components were individually satisfaction, as shown by successfully unit testing, the

25
combination of components is correct and consistent. Integration testing is specifically aimed
at exposing the problems that arise from the combination of components.

7.3 FUNCTIONAL TEST

Functional tests provide systematic demonstrations that functions tested are available
as specified by the business and technical requirements, system documentation, and user
manuals.
Functional testing is centered on the following items:
Valid Input : identified classes of valid input must be accepted.
Invalid Input : identified classes of invalid input must be rejected.
Functions : identified functions must be exercised.
Output : identified classes of application outputs must be exercised
Procedures : interfacing systems or procedures must be invoked.
Organization and preparation of functional tests is focused on requirements, key
functions, or special test cases. In addition, systematic coverage pertaining to identify
Business process flows; data fields, predefined processes, and successive processes must be
considered for testing. Before functional testing is complete, additional tests are identified
and the effective value of current tests is determined.

7.4 SYSTEM TEST

System testing ensures that the entire integrated software system meets requirements.
It tests a configuration to ensure known and predictable results. An example of system testing
is the configuration-oriented system integration test. System testing is based on process
descriptions and flows, emphasizing pre-driven process links and integration points.

7.5 WHITE BOX TESTING

White Box Testing is a testing in which the software tester has knowledge of the
inner workings, structure and language of the software, or at least its purpose. It is purpose. It
is used to test areas that cannot be reached from a black box level.

7.6 BLACK BOX TESTING

Black Box Testing is testing the software without any knowledge of the inner
workings, structure or language of the module being tested. Black box tests, as most other
kinds of tests, must be written from a definitive source document, such as specification or
requirements document, such as specification or requirements document. It is a testing in
which the software under test is treated, as a black box. you cannot “see” into it. The test
provides inputs and responds to outputs without considering how the software works.

26
 8.RESULT AND CONCLUSION

8.1 RESULT

This project entitled “multi-traffic scene perception using Machine Learning” is useful in
predicting accurate weather conditions based on images like night, fog and rainy, and thereby
to guide their customers accordingly. The proposed system is also useful to reduce the traffic
issues and accident issues. This helps finally leads to the improvement of vision image
enhancement. This finally leads to the improvement of predict and detect accuracy of traffic.

8.2 Future Enhancements

To improve the system’s accuracy, efficiency, and real-world usability, the following
future enhancements can be considered:

1. Advanced AI & Deep Learning Models

 Implement deep neural networks (DNNs) and transformer models for better image
recognition and weather prediction.

 Use self-learning AI models that improve accuracy over time with more data.

2. Real-Time Traffic Prediction & Congestion Alerts

 Integrate real-time traffic monitoring using GPS and IoT sensors.

 Provide predictive congestion alerts based on past traffic patterns.

3. Multi-Sensor Integration

 Add LiDAR & RADAR sensors for enhanced object detection in low-visibility
conditions.

 Use thermal imaging cameras for nighttime traffic monitoring.

4. Cloud-Based Data Processing

 Store and analyze large amounts of traffic data using cloud computing (AWS, Google
Cloud, Azure).

 Enable remote access to reports and data through a web-based dashboard.

27
5. Edge Computing for Faster Processing

 Implement edge AI to process data locally on embedded systems like Raspberry Pi,
reducing latency.

 Deploy 5G connectivity for real-time communication with traffic management centers.

6. Integration with Smart Traffic Management Systems

 Link the system with smart traffic signals that adjust based on real-time traffic
conditions.

 Provide automatic route diversions for emergency vehicles and traffic congestion.

7. Enhanced Weather Adaptability

 Improve weather detection algorithms to handle rain, fog, snow, and extreme
conditions.

 Use satellite & meteorological data to enhance predictions.

8. Mobile App for Drivers & Authorities

 Develop a mobile app that provides real-time alerts on traffic, weather, and road
conditions.

 Enable users to report accidents or hazards through the app.

9. Automated Report Generation with AI Insights

 Use AI-based summarization for automated report generation.

 Implement speech-to-text features for hands-free reporting by drivers.

10. Smart Vehicle Communication (V2X)

 Enable Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication, allowing vehicles to share real-

time traffic and weather data.

 Improve autonomous vehicle compatibility for better decision-making.

28
9.1 Sample Coding

SQL Database

-- phpMyAdmin SQL Dump

-- version 4.0.4

-- http://www.phpmyadmin.net

--

-- Host: localhost

-- Generation Time: Jan 05, 2019 at 03:24 PM

-- Server version: 5.6.12-log

-- PHP Version: 5.4.16

SET SQL_MODE = "NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO";

SET time_zone = "+00:00";

/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT

*/;

/*!40101 SET
@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;

/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION

*/;

/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;

--

-- Database: `multi_traffic`

--

29
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `multi_traffic` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET
latin1 COLLATE latin1_swedish_ci;

USE `multi_traffic`;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--

-- Table structure for table `auth_group`

--

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `auth_group` (

`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

`name` varchar(80) NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`id`),

UNIQUE KEY `name` (`name`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=1 ;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--

-- Table structure for table `auth_group_permissions`

--

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `auth_group_permissions` (

`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

30
 `group_id` int(11) NOT NULL,

`permission_id` int(11) NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`id`),

UNIQUE KEY `auth_group_permissions_group_id_permission_id_0cd325b0_uniq`

(`group_id`,`permission_id`),

KEY `auth_group_permissio_permission_id_84c5c92e_fk_auth_perm` (`permission_id`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=1 ;

Table structure for table `auth_permission`

--

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `auth_permission` (

`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

`name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,

`content_type_id` int(11) NOT NULL,

`codename` varchar(100) NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`id`),

UNIQUE KEY `auth_permission_content_type_id_codename_01ab375a_uniq`

(`content_type_id`,`codename`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=28 ;

--

-- Dumping data for table `auth_permission`

--

INSERT INTO `auth_permission` (`id`, `name`, `content_type_id`, `codename`) VALUES

31
(1, 'Can add log entry', 1, 'add_logentry'),

(2, 'Can change log entry', 1, 'change_logentry'),

(3, 'Can delete log entry', 1, 'delete_logentry'),

(4, 'Can add permission', 2, 'add_permission'),

(5, 'Can change permission', 2, 'change_permission'),

(6, 'Can delete permission', 2, 'delete_permission'),

(7, 'Can add group', 3, 'add_group'),

(8, 'Can change group', 3, 'change_group'),

(9, 'Can delete group', 3, 'delete_group'),

(10, 'Can add user', 4, 'add_user'),

(11, 'Can change user', 4, 'change_user'),

(12, 'Can delete user', 4, 'delete_user'),

(13, 'Can add content type', 5, 'add_contenttype'),

(14, 'Can change content type', 5, 'change_contenttype'),

(15, 'Can delete content type', 5, 'delete_contenttype'),

(16, 'Can add session', 6, 'add_session'),

(17, 'Can change session', 6, 'change_session'),

(18, 'Can delete session', 6, 'delete_session'),

(19, 'Can add register model', 7, 'add_registermodel'),

(20, 'Can change register model', 7, 'change_registermodel'),

(21, 'Can delete register model', 7, 'delete_registermodel'),

(22, 'Can add upload_ model', 8, 'add_upload_model'),

(23, 'Can change upload_ model', 8, 'change_upload_model'),

(24, 'Can delete upload_ model', 8, 'delete_upload_model'),

32
(25, 'Can add check traffic', 9, 'add_checktraffic'),

(26, 'Can change check traffic', 9, 'change_checktraffic'),

(27, 'Can delete check traffic', 9, 'delete_checktraffic');

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--

-- Table structure for table `auth_user`

--

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `auth_user` (

`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

`password` varchar(128) NOT NULL,

`last_login` datetime(6) DEFAULT NULL,

`is_superuser` tinyint(1) NOT NULL,

`username` varchar(150) NOT NULL,

`first_name` varchar(30) NOT NULL,

`last_name` varchar(30) NOT NULL,

`email` varchar(254) NOT NULL,

`is_staff` tinyint(1) NOT NULL,

`is_active` tinyint(1) NOT NULL,

`date_joined` datetime(6) NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`id`),

UNIQUE KEY `username` (`username`)

33
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=1 ;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--

-- Table structure for table `auth_user_groups`

--

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `auth_user_groups` (

`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

`user_id` int(11) NOT NULL,

`group_id` int(11) NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`id`),

UNIQUE KEY `auth_user_groups_user_id_group_id_94350c0c_uniq`

(`user_id`,`group_id`),

KEY `auth_user_groups_group_id_97559544_fk_auth_group_id` (`group_id`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=1 ;

CNN Algorithm

import cv2

#-----Reading the image-----------------------------------------------------

img = cv2.imread(r'D:\project\Multi_Traffic_Scene_Perception Django\Demo\cloud1.jpg', 1)

cv2.imshow("img",img)

34
#-----Converting image to LAB Color model-----------------------------------

lab= cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2LAB)

cv2.imshow("lab",lab)

#-----Splitting the LAB image to different channels-------------------------s

l, a, b = cv2.split(lab)

cv2.imshow('l_channel', l)

cv2.imshow('a_channel', a)

cv2.imshow('b_channel', b)

#-----Applying CLAHE to L-channel-------------------------------------------

clahe = cv2.createCLAHE(clipLimit=9.0, tileGridSize=(8,8))

cl = clahe.apply(l)

cv2.imshow('CLAHE output', cl)

#-----Merge the CLAHE enhanced L-channel with the a and b channel-----------

limg = cv2.merge((cl,a,b))

cv2.imshow('limg', limg)

#-----Converting image from LAB Color model to RGB model--------------------

final = cv2.cvtColor(limg, cv2.COLOR_LAB2BGR)

cv2.imshow('final', final)

cv2.waitKey(0)

#_____END_____#

35
Table structure for table `user_registermodel`

--

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `user_registermodel` (

`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

`firstname` varchar(300) NOT NULL,

`lastname` varchar(200) NOT NULL,

`userid` varchar(200) NOT NULL,

`password` int(11) NOT NULL,

`mblenum` bigint(20) NOT NULL,

`email` varchar(400) NOT NULL,

`gender` varchar(200) NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`id`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=2 ;

able structure for table `user_upload_model`

--

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `user_upload_model` (

`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

`wheather` varchar(200) NOT NULL,

`area` varchar(200) NOT NULL,

`images` varchar(100) NOT NULL,

`state` varchar(200) NOT NULL,

`distric` varchar(200) NOT NULL,

36
 `usid_id` int(11) NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`id`),

KEY `user_upload_model_usid_id_0b4bfeae_fk_user_registermodel_id` (`usid_id`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=34 ;

Constraints for table `auth_group_permissions`

--

ALTER TABLE `auth_group_permissions`

ADD CONSTRAINT `auth_group_permissions_group_id_b120cbf9_fk_auth_group_id`

FOREIGN KEY (`group_id`) REFERENCES `auth_group` (`id`),

ADD CONSTRAINT `auth_group_permissio_permission_id_84c5c92e_fk_auth_perm`

FOREIGN KEY (`permission_id`) REFERENCES `auth_permission` (`id`);

--

-- Constraints for table `auth_permission`

--

ALTER TABLE `auth_permission`

ADD CONSTRAINT `auth_permission_content_type_id_2f476e4b_fk_django_co`

FOREIGN KEY (`content_type_id`) REFERENCES `django_content_type` (`id`);

--

-- Constraints for table `auth_user_groups`

--

ALTER TABLE `auth_user_groups`

37
 ADD CONSTRAINT `auth_user_groups_group_id_97559544_fk_auth_group_id`
FOREIGN KEY (`group_id`) REFERENCES `auth_group` (`id`),

ADD CONSTRAINT `auth_user_groups_user_id_6a12ed8b_fk_auth_user_id` FOREIGN

KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `auth_user` (`id`);

--

-- Constraints for table `auth_user_user_permissions`

--

ALTER TABLE `auth_user_user_permissions`

ADD CONSTRAINT `auth_user_user_permissions_user_id_a95ead1b_fk_auth_user_id`

FOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `auth_user` (`id`),

ADD CONSTRAINT `auth_user_user_permi_permission_id_1fbb5f2c_fk_auth_perm`

FOREIGN KEY (`permission_id`) REFERENCES `auth_permission` (`id`);

--

-- Constraints for table `django_admin_log`

--

ALTER TABLE `django_admin_log`

ADD CONSTRAINT `django_admin_log_content_type_id_c4bce8eb_fk_django_co`

FOREIGN KEY (`content_type_id`) REFERENCES `django_content_type` (`id`),

ADD CONSTRAINT `django_admin_log_user_id_c564eba6_fk_auth_user_id` FOREIGN

KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `auth_user` (`id`);

--

-- Constraints for table `user_checktraffic`

--

38
ALTER TABLE `user_checktraffic`

ADD CONSTRAINT `user_checktraffic_traf_id_d9dde669_fk_user_upload_model_id`

FOREIGN KEY (`traf_id`) REFERENCES `user_upload_model` (`id`);

--

-- Constraints for table `user_upload_model`

--

ALTER TABLE `user_upload_model`

ADD CONSTRAINT `user_upload_model_usid_id_0b4bfeae_fk_user_registermodel_id`

FOREIGN KEY (`usid_id`) REFERENCES `user_registermodel` (`id`);

/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;

/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;

/*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;

Django

#!/usr/bin/env python

import os

import sys

if __name__ == "__main__":

os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE",
"Multi_Traffic_Scene_Perception.settings")

try:

from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line

except ImportError:

# The above import may fail for some other reason. Ensure that the

39
 # issue is really that Django is missing to avoid masking other

# exceptions on Python 2.

try:

import django

except ImportError:

raise ImportError(

"Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and "

"available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you "

"forget to activate a virtual environment?"

raise

execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)

40
9.2 SCREEN SHOTS

9.2.1 Analysing of Gray Sale matrix

OUTPUT:

41
9.2.2 User login

42
9.2.3 New User

43
9.2.4 Upload Page

44
9.2.5 Home Page

45
9.2.6 Traffic Image Dataset

46
Graphical Analysis

9.2.7 Pie Chart

47
9.2.8 Bar Chart

48
9.2.9 Column Chart

49
9.3 User Documentation
Installation Guide

1. Install Anaconda and open Spyder IDE.

2. Install required Python libraries using:

pip install opencv-python tensorflow scikit-learn numpy pandas

3. Connect camera and sensors to the system.

4. Run the main Python script to start traffic monitoring.

How to Use the System

1. Start the Application – Open the Python script and run the program.

2. Capture Traffic Images – The system automatically captures real-time images.

3. Process Data – The system detects vehicles, road conditions, and weather parameters.

4. View Results – The output is displayed on the user interface, showing traffic density,
weather conditions, and possible alerts.

5. Generate Reports – Users can export traffic reports for further analysis.

Troubleshooting & FAQs

 Issue: Camera not detected → Check if the camera is properly connected and enabled.

 Issue: Slow processing → Ensure your system meets the minimum requirements and
close unnecessary programs.

 Issue: Incorrect weather predictions → Verify sensor readings and check for calibration
issues.

9.4 Glossary

1. ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) – A system that enhances vehicle safety
by detecting traffic, pedestrians, and road conditions.

2. Image Processing – A technique used to analyze, enhance, and interpret images

captured by cameras.

50
3. Machine Learning (ML) – A branch of artificial intelligence that enables systems to
learn patterns and make decisions without being explicitly programmed.

4. Deep Neural Network (DNN) – A multi-layered machine learning model used for
complex image recognition and classification.

5. Feature Extraction – The process of identifying and isolating important patterns from
images for classification.

6. Traffic Detection – The identification of vehicles, pedestrians, and obstacles in a road

environment using image analysis.

7. Weather Analysis – The process of assessing atmospheric conditions (rain, fog, snow,
etc.) to predict how they will impact visibility and traffic.

8. Data Flow Diagram (DFD) – A graphical representation of how data moves through a
system.

9. Component Diagram – A UML diagram showing the relationships between different

software components in a system.

10. Database Management System (DBMS) – Software used to store, retrieve, and manage
traffic and weather data.

11. Sensor Integration – The process of combining multiple hardware sensors (e.g.,
cameras, temperature sensors) for real-time data collection.

12. Real-Time Processing – The ability of a system to analyze data instantly without delays.

13. Cloud Computing – Using remote servers to store and process large amounts of traffic
and weather data.

14. Edge Computing – Performing data analysis locally on devices instead of sending it to
a central server, reducing latency.

15. V2X Communication (Vehicle-to-Everything) – A technology that allows vehicles to

communicate with traffic systems, infrastructure, and other vehicles.

16. Predictive Analytics – Using historical data and machine learning models to forecast
future traffic and weather conditions.

51
 17. Report Generation – The automatic creation of summary reports based on analyzed
traffic and weather data.

18. Simulation Tool – Software like Anaconda (Spyder IDE) used for running and testing
traffic perception algorithms.

19. Traffic Congestion Detection – The process of identifying and alerting users about high
traffic density in a given area.

20. User Interface (UI) – The graphical or command-line interface where users interact with
the system to view data and reports.

9.5 Project Recognitions

The Multi-Traffic Scene Perception System has the potential to be recognized in several
domains for its contributions to traffic management, road safety, and AI-driven automation.
Below are some key recognitions that the project may receive:

1. Academic Recognition

 Best Research Project Award – Recognized for innovative use of machine learning in
traffic and weather analysis.

 Publication in IEEE/ACM Journals – Can be published in research journals related to

AI, computer vision, and smart transportation.

 University Showcase – Can be presented at university project exhibitions or tech fests.

2. Industry & Government Recognition

 Smart City Initiative Award – Recognized for contributions to intelligent traffic

management systems.

 Automobile & Transportation Industry Recognition – Collaboration opportunities with

companies working on autonomous vehicles and smart roads.

 Road Safety & Traffic Control Departments – Useful for government agencies looking
to enhance road safety.

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3. AI & Technology Awards

 Best AI-Based Traffic Solution – Recognition in AI-driven traffic monitoring

competitions.

 Innovative Use of Computer Vision – Acknowledgment for using image processing

techniques to detect real-time traffic conditions.

 Startup & Tech Incubation Support – Can be developed further into a commercial
product with funding from AI/IoT startup accelerators.

4. Environmental & Public Safety Recognition

 Sustainable Transport Solution Award – Helps in reducing congestion, fuel wastage,

and emissions..

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 10. REFERENCES

Book References

 1. C. Lu, D. Lin, J. Jia, and C.-K. Tang, ‘‘Two-class weather classification,’’ IEEE
Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., vol. 39, no. 12, pp. 2510–2524, Dec. 2017.
 2. Y. Lee and G. Kim, ‘‘Fog level estimation using non-parametric intensity curves in
road environments,’’ Electron. Lett., vol. 53, no. 21, pp. 1404–1406, Dec. 2017.
 3. ] M. Milford, E. Vig, W. Scheirer, and D. Cox, ‘‘Vision-based simultaneous
localization and mapping in changing outdoor environments,’’ J. Field Robot., vol. 31,
no. 5, pp. 814–836, Sep./Oct. 2014.
 4. H. Kuang, X. Zhang, Y. J. Li, L. L. H. Chan, and H. Yan, ‘‘Nighttime vehicle
detection based on bio-inspired image enhancement and weighted score-
levelfeaturefusion,’’IEEETrans.Intell.Transp.Syst., vol.18, no.4, pp. 927–936, Apr.
2017.
 5. O. Regniers, L. Bombrun, V. Lafon, and C. Germain, ‘‘Supervised classification of
very high-resolution optical images using waveletbased textural features,’’ IEEE Trans.
Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3722–3735, Jun. 2016

WEB REFERENCE:

 Title: "Multi-Traffic Scene Perception Based on Supervised Learning"

Summary: This paper explores the extraction of visual features from traffic scene images and
the application of supervised learning algorithms to classify various traffic scenes.

Access: https://sreyas.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/SL-9-V-SWATHI.pd

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 Title: "Multi-Traffic Scene Perception Based on Supervised Learning"

Summary: This paper presents a method to improve machine vision in adverse weather
conditions by extracting visual features from traffic scene images and using supervised
learning algorithms for classification.

Access:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322322322_Multi-
Traffic_Scene_Perception_Based_on_Supervised_Learning

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