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16. სიმრავლეთა თეორია, სასრული სიმრავლეები

The document contains mathematical expressions and operations involving sets, functions, and combinatorial problems. It discusses various properties of sets, including union, intersection, and complements, as well as specific calculations involving given sets and their cardinalities. Additionally, it explores combinatorial arrangements and provides solutions to problems involving counting and probability.

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Mariami Sharabidze
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© © All Rights Reserved
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10 views11 pages

16. სიმრავლეთა თეორია, სასრული სიმრავლეები

The document contains mathematical expressions and operations involving sets, functions, and combinatorial problems. It discusses various properties of sets, including union, intersection, and complements, as well as specific calculations involving given sets and their cardinalities. Additionally, it explores combinatorial arrangements and provides solutions to problems involving counting and probability.

Uploaded by

Mariami Sharabidze
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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,

1.

:
A={}
B = {}
C={}
?
?

:) - A+B+C=I (I - ).

) - ABC=Ø.

2. A = {, , , , . . . , , }
?

: 33 . , . 33 2
.
33
3. ) A+Ø ? ) A*I ? ) A+I ? ) A*Ø ? ) (A’)’?

: ) A+Ø A Ø , A+Ø=A

) A*I A I , A*I=A.

) A+I A I , A+I=I.

) A*Ø A Ø , A*Ø=Ø.

) (A’)’ A , (A’)’=A.

4. , A, B C

) A(B+C)=AB+AC
) A+BC=(A+B)(A+C)
) (A-B)+(B-A)=A+B-AB.
:)
)

5. (, 2016) 30 , 40 .

15 .
?
: , 15 , , 25 ( 25 ). 5.

6. 26 . 14 , 10-

5- . 4- , 3-

. , ,

, ?

: . , 14 , 7 , 7. C, 5 1. 21 . , 5.

7. 6

:
) A’+B ) AB’ ) (AB)’ ) A’+B’ ) (A+B)’ ) A’B’
( U .)
: ) A’+B

) AB’

) (AB)’

) A’+B’
) (A+B)’

) A’B’

8. .

.
:
9. f(x)=0 g(x)=0

A B. f(x)g(x) = 0 ?

f(x) +g(x)2 = 0
2
?

: , f(x)g(x) 0- , - 0- , A- B . , f(x)
+g(x)2
2

0- , A- B .

10. 100 . (

3, 6, 9, . . . ) .

( 4, 8, . . . )
.
?

: , A, , B. , : U/(A+B).

- : A+B=[A]+[B]-[AB]=I+II-III ([A]=I, [B]=II, [AB]=III).

I={3, 6, 9, 12, ..., 99} – 100/3=33


II={4, 8, 12, 16, ..., 100} – 100/4=25 .
III={12, 24, 36, 48, ... 96} – 100/12=8 .
: U/(A+B)=100-(33+25-8)=50.

11. 100 . (

3, 6, 9, . . . ) .

( 4, 8, . . . ) .
, –5
( 5, 10, . . ) .
?

, A, , B, , C. , : U/(A+B+C).
- , : A+B+C=[A]+[B]+[C]-[AB]-[BC]-[CA]+[ABC]=I+II+III-IV-V-VI+VII ([A]=I, [B]=II, [C]=III, [AB]=V

I={3, 6, 9, …, 99} – 100/3=33 .


II={4, 8, 12, …, 96} – 100/4=25 .
III={5, 10, 15, …, 100} – 100/5=20 .
IV={15, 30, 45, …, 90} – 100/15=6 .
V={12, 24, 26, … 96} – 100/12=8 .
VI={20, 40, 60, …, 100} – 100/20=5 .
VII={60} – 100/60=1 .
: U/(A+B+C)=100-(33+25+20-6-8-5+1)=100-60=40.

12. .

. .
– .

, ?

:, 24 (4!).

, I- A , , II- B , , III- C , IV- D .

A={1***}, B={*2**}, C={**3*}, D={***4}.

A+B+C+D, - : A+B+C+D=[A]+[B]+[C]+[D]-[AB]-[AC]-[AD]-[BC]-[BD]-[CD]+[ABC]+[ABD]+[ACD]+
1 2 3 4
4 , C 4 , C 4 C 4
).

: 4 , 1 , 3- 3!=6. C
1
4
, [A]+[B]+[C]+[D]=6* C
4=24.
1

: 4 , 2 , 2- 2!=2. C
2
4
,2 -([AB]+[AC]+[AD]+[BC]+[BD]+[CD])=-(2* C
4 )=-12

: 4 , 3 , 1- 1!=1. C
3
4
,3 - [ABC]+[ABD]+[ACD]+[BCD]=(1* C
4 )=4.

: -(1* C 4)=-1.
4

: A+B+C+D=24-12+4-1=15.

, : 15/24=5/8.

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