Logarithmic Equations

Solve the following equations (125-261).

125. logx-l 3 = 2 .
1
126. Iog4 (2log 3 (1 + log 2 (1 + 3log3 x))) = -.
2
127. log 3 (1 + log 3 (ix -7)) = 1.
128. log 3 (~ - 8) = 2- x.
 Pan-1 • Algebra, Trigonometry, and Elementary Functions

10&2 (9-~) -1
29. 3-x - .
30. lo&s-x (x2 - 2x + 65) = 2 .

31. log3 (1og9 x + + 9') = 2x.

32. log 3 (x + 1)+ log 3 (x + 3) = 1.

33. Iog7 (~ -1)+ log1 C~ -7) = 1.
34. logs+ log (x + 10)-1 = log (21x-20)-log (2x-1).
35. 1-log 5= (10g ~+log x+ ~logs}

36. log x - log ( x - ~) = log ( x + ~)- log ( X+ ~}

37. 3log 3log.Jx -log x + log 2 x -3 = 0.
38. (x - 2)1og2(x-2)+ log (x-2)s-12 = 102 log (x - 2) .
39. 9log3(1.;,.2x) = Sx2 - 5.
40. x 1+logx = l0x.
41. x 2 logx = 10x 2.
logx+S
42. X 3 = 10S+logx.
143. xlog:ix = 9.
l44. yogsx-1 _5.
145. Xlogx+l = 106 •
- logx+7
146. X 4 = 10logx+l.
147. Xlogrx(x-2) = 9.
lo x)log2 x+ logx2-2
148. ( _L = log
2
149. 3.Jf%x-Iog2 8x+l = 0.
2
150. log x-3log x = log (x 2)-4. ·
151. log113 x-3Jlog113 x + 2 = 0.
152. 2 0ogx .,/s)2 - 3 logx .Js + 1 = 0.
153. log~ x+ 2log 2 0.
154. (alogbx)2 _ Sylogb a+ 6 = 0.

2
155, log (l00x)+ log 2 (l0x) =14+ log{:}

l56. log 4 (x + 3)- log 4 (x -1) = 2- log 8 .

4
~--
2
157- log 4 (x -1)-log 4 (x -1)2 = log 4 •
158 21 X- 3 X - 3
• og3 - + 1 = log 3 - - .
, X-7 X-1
94 IPart-1 • Algebra, Trigonometry, and Elementary Functions
159. 2log 4 (4-x)=4-log 2 (-2-x).
160. 3+ 2 log~+i 3 = 2log 3 (x + 1).
161. logx (9x ), log~ x = 4.
2
162. logf12 (4x)+ log2 (~ ) = 8.

163. logo.sx x 2 -14 log16x x + 40 log4x

3
= 0.
164. 6-(1 + 4· _3 ), log7 X = logx 7, Xe Q.
165. log 3 (4· -1) = 2x + 1.
166. log 3 (~ -6)= x-1. ·
167. log 3 (4x -3)+ log 3 {4~ -1) = 1.
' '
168. log 3 Oogf12 x-3 log112 x + 5) = 2.
2 2
169. logs ( +x) = log 5 ( --) .
- 10 · x+ 1
170. 1 + 2 logcx+2;! 5 = logs (x + 2).
171. log 4 ztx = Z082 4 •

172. log2 ( =)=

1
log 2 --1
!
8
173. 1 - 2 Oog x2 )2 = 1.
logx-20ogx)2 ·
174. log 2 (4-~ -6)-log 2 (~ -6)=1.
1 .
175. log (5~-4)+ log .Jx+ 1 = 2+ log0.18.
2
176. log 4 (2. 4x-2 - 1)+ 4 = 2x.
177. logx logx(Sx)-2-25= Oogx ../s)2.
178. log Oog x)+ log Oog x 4 -3) = O.
179. log..3 x-2log113 x = 6.
180. _:l_lo_g_x_. --1.
log (Sx-4)
181. 2log (~)+ log (x 2 + 1-2x) = 4 .
8 8 -.. 3
1 1
182. log 2 (x-2)~ = log118
6 3
183. 2 log 3 (x - 2) + log 3 (x - 4)2 = o.
184. .J1og 2 (2x 2 )-log 4 .(16x)::; log 4 x 3 •
3 log x+ 19·
185 - - ~ - - = 2log x + 1.
3log x-1 ·
186 log(,J x + 1 + 1) 3
. log Vx' - 40 = .
187. log; 6 - log; 2 = (log 2 x - 2) log 3 12.
 - - - · · · - · · ~ .... , , I U ll\,, l l UII:)

--1 1og (2x - l) =!tog

2 (x - 9).
2
log ..fx+7 - log 2 = -1.
· log 8-log (x-5)
90. log (3x 2 + 7) = log (3x -2) = ~- .
191 ! : 1og (x 2 - 16x + 20)- log~=! log (8- x}
. 3 3
3
192. log 6 :!'+ -log~(~ -2) = x.
193. (1+ ~)log3+log2=log(27-V3).

194. log csx-l +1) = x + log 13-2log 5+ (1- x) log 2.

195. !togx+3log.J2+x =log.Jx(x+2)+2.
2
196. log 2 (4x + 1) = x + log 2 (;t"+ 3 - 6}
197. 1 + 2logo.2s(4-x) = 1.
log 6 (x + 3) log (3+ x)
198. log 3 (<Y + 9) = x + log 3 (28- 2· i
199. log Oog x)+ log Oog x 3 2) = O.
200. log.rs (4x -6)-log./s (:t' -2) = 2
201. log 2 (4x + 4) = log 2 :t' + log (:!"+ 1 -3).
2
202. log.rs x · s.Js + log.rs s.Js = -/6.
203. log(~ - 24-x) 2+ .!._ log 16 x log 4
2 4 2
l )log x-logx l
204. ( - = _ . 5logx-1
5 125 .
3 log 3 x-~ logx
205. x 3 =lOOVl]}.
206. log 2 (25x+ 3 -1) = 2+ log 2 (sx+ 3 + 1).
207. log3 .J130_7logx(6-x) = 2.
208. log 2+ log (4x- 2 + 9) =1 + log (:t"- 2 + 1}

209 . . log2 (4x+ 1 + 4)· log 2 (4' + 1) =log ,,rz ~-

11

210. log 2 (2x 2 )- log 2 (16x) =~log~ x.

2
211. log 4 + ( 1 +~)log 3 = log (V3 + 27).

212. log (x 3 + 27)-0.Slog (x 2 + 6x + 9) 3 log W.

213. 5logx = 50- Xlogs_
214. I x-11log2 x-logx2 =IX -113.
96 IPart-1 • Algebra, Trigonometry, and Elementary Functions
1
3 logx- --
215. X logx = no.
216. \ x-10llog 2 {x-3)=2(x-10).
217. log 4 log 2 x+log2 log4 x=2.
218. (6x - 5) I In (2 x + 2· 3) I =8 In (2x + 2· 3).
3
219. (9x 8 )- log 3 (3x) = log 3 x • ·
2
220. log2 (100x)- log2 (lOx)+ log x = 6.
221. 9log113(x+l) = 5log115(2x2+1).

222, log (4-x}+ log (4-x}-log (x+ i) =2 log

2 2
( x+ i)-
x-7 x-1
223. 2 log 2 - - + log 2 - - = 1.
x-1 x+l
2
224. log3x+7 (9+ 12x+ 4x 2 )+ lo&2x+ 3 (6x + 23x + 21) = 4.
225. log x +3 =
226. log {35- x3) = 3.
log {5-x)
7
2~7. logx 2- log4 x + = 0.
6
228. log (6· 5x + 25-20.X) = x + log 25.
229. ,.jlog 2 x -0.5 = log 2 - _
230. log,,+Gr-l)=log,1,((:r-4}
231. log 6 .Jx-2+½log 6 (x-11)=1.
22
232. log 3 x+2S + ) = log 5 0.2.
(~ -
13
9
233. log7 2+ log 49 x = Iog1n Ji
234. Oogsin x 2)- Oog SID
. 2 X a)+ 1 = 0.

235. log£ log.,(~=:)= I

a-

236. .JOog 0_04 x)+ 1 + .JOog 0_2 x)+ 3 = 1.

237. log3x (!)+Jog~ x =1. ·

238. logx (2a-x) + loga x - \ 1 :

logx 2 log a 2 - log'(~ -1) '.i
log a 2
Ix
239.
I a
+ logax a . logl/a 2x =
og2x a \
24o. log4 (x + 1~) logx 2 = 1. \
 Part-1 • Algebra, Trigonometry, and Elementary Functions 197
_~ -2 -.Jlog2x- 2 - l
241° 'J:'•-o,<,- +2 - •
242• lo&o.i sin 2x +log cos x - log 7 = 0.
sin 31t -
4 1 .
243. log 2 (3- x)-log 2 _x = + log 2 (x + 7).
5 2
~-- 57t
244. Iog 4 (2+ ..J x + 3) = 2 cos
3.
57t:
245. log115 (2.x + 5) = log115 (16- x ) + tan .
2
4
2 • ll1t
246. log113 x - 2x = sm 6'

247. log16 x + log 4 x + log 2 x = 7.

248. log 10 + !.1og (32..fx + 271) = 2.
3
249. 2log 3 x + log 3 (x 2 - 3) = log 3 0.5+ 5log50og3 8 ).
250. logs(~+ 10)+ 7.1 °=logs (~ + 56).
3
251. Oog 4 x-2)· log 4 x = - 0og 4 x-1).
2-
252. logs x + log 2s x = log11 s Ji
2 2
253. log (64 ~ ~ - 40x) = O.
254. log 2 (9- ~) = 3- x.
255. 2 Oog 2-1)+ log + 1) = log (51-Jx + 5).
1
256. logx 3+ log 3 x = 3+ log 3 + .
2
257. 3/fogx :i- 2log .J x-1 = 2.
258. x + log ·c1 + ~) = x log 5+ log 6.
25 9. logx(l25x)• log~s x = 1.

260. log2-2x2 (2-x2 -x4) = 2- 1 2.

· log 413 (2-2x )

261. log3-4x2(9-16x4) = 2+ 1 .
2
log 2 (3-4x )
262
· For what val1,1es of a does the equation 2 log~ x -llog 3 x I+ a= 0 possess
four solutions?
Logarithmic Inequalities
Solve the following inequalities (263-384) .
263. log113 (Sx-1) > 0.
264. logs (3x-1) < 1.
265. log 0.s (1 + 2x) > -1.
266. logo.s (x 2 - Sx + 6) > -1.
267. log 8 (x 2 -4x + 3) S 1.
268. log (x 2 -Sx + 7) < 0.
2x-6
269. log7 - - > 0.
2x-1
2x-8
270. log1.s - - < 0.
x-2
1-2x
271. log 3 - - s 0.
X
2-3x
272. log113 - - -1.
X
2
273. log114 3S-x
x )
_1_
( 2
274. log 3 I 3-4x I> 2.
2 75. log~.s x + log 0.s x - 2 s 0.
2 76. I log3 x I - log 3 x - 3 < O.
2
277. log 2 x s .
. log 2 x-1
278 log2 x.:.... 3log x + 3
. . <1
log x-1 ·
279. 1 1
+--->2
1 + log x 1 - log x ·
2
280. log114 (2- x) > log114 ( --).
x+l
281. x-1 <1
log 3 (9-~)-3 - .
282. l < l
log x+ 1 log 4 (x+ 3)°
4
x+2
283. 1og 3x+s (9x 2 +Bx+ 8) > 2 .
284*. logs (x
2
- 4x + 11)2 - log11 (x 2 -4x -11)3 2: o.

. 1+2x
285. log 3 - - < i.
l+x
 Part-1 • Algebra, Trigonometry, and Elementary Functions

286, 3log3 ./x=i < 3log3 (x-6) + 3.

287.. logo. 2 (x 2 - x - 2) > log 0_2 (-x 2 + 2x + 3}
288, log116 (x 2 -3x + 2)+ 1 < 0.
289. log 2 (x 2 -2x)-3 > 0.
290. log113 (3x + 4) > log113 (x 2 + 2}
2
l)log 2 (x -1)
291. ( - > 1.
2
292. log2 (x + 1) > 0.
x-1

293. lo&ns
.
/8 2
< logn 5 2.

294. lo&o.s (x - 3x + 4)- log 0_5 (x -1) < -1.

· 295. log 0_5 (3x-4) < logo. 5 (x -2).
296. logo. 5 (4-x) log 0_5 2-log 0_5 x-1).
297. log 0.1 (x 2 + x -2) > logo.1 (x + 3).
298. 1 + log 2 (x-2) > log 2 (x 2 -3x + 2).
299. logl/3 cr+ 2 - 4x) -2.
300. log .Js (6x+l - 36x) -2.
11
301. log113 Oo.g4 (x 2 - 5)) > 0.

302. log 0_5 (1og 6 x2 + x) < o.

x+4
2
1
303. log 0_1 (1og 2 x + ) < o.
. l~-11
304. logx (log 9 (~ - 9)) < 1.

305. lo&o.s (logs x2 -

x...;3
2x) < 0.
306. 1-logo.sC-x) < 0
·
307. 1-logo.s (-x) < 0 (x - 0.5)(3- x) ·
308. - - - - - > 0.
· log 2 1 x-1 I
2
309 X -4 I x 2 - 4x I + 3.
. l0 2 < 0. 310. Iog3 2 0•
. &112 (x -1) x +I x-51
3U. log 4x-5 >!
x21 X-2 I - 2.
 1
log 2 (3· T - -1) > l
312. -=~---- ·
X

313. log113 (x + 1) > log 3 (2- x).

314. log11 s (x 2 -6x + 18)+ 2logs (x -4) < 0.
5
315. log113 x > logx 3- ·2°

316. log 2 (T -1)-log112 (T+ 1 -2) > -2.

. 18-T
317. log 4 (18-T)•log 2 S-1.
8
1 1 2
318. logs (x-3)+-logs 3<-logs (2x -6x+7).
2 2
319. log 2 (2x-1)> log11 ./2 2 . .
320. log413 ( ,/ x + 3 - )+ log419 ( ~) 2' 0.

321. 2logs x...:. logx 125 < 1.

322. logs + 4 · logx 5 > 1.
323. log 3 x + log Fl x + log113 x < 6.
2 1
l)lo&119( x - :
324. ( - S 1.
x+l)
3
325. log~.s x + 6 Slog 0_5 x.
l )logx_3(x 2 -4x+3)
326. ( - ~1.
. 10
2 4x-3 1
327. log 2 - - > - -.
4-3x 2
328. log2x(x 2 - Sx + 6) < 1.
329. logx(x 3 - x 2 - 2x) < 3.
2 .
330. lo&2x+ 3 x < _1.
2
331. lo&cx-3J (2 (x 2 - l0x + 24)) lo&cx- 3J (x -9).
x:+7
332. log(x-./2) x _ 2 S log(x-./2) 2x.
x+4
333. logcx-4.s) 2x- S log(x-4.s) (x -5).
6
334.

335. logx 2x S .jlogx (2x 3 ).

336. log1082 (0.Sx) (x 2 - l0x + 22) > 0.
337. logx+6 (1og2 x -
-
3
2+x
l) > 0.

2
338. log 3x (x -2. Sx + 1);?: 0.
x 2 +1
339. log 2 (2+ x) < 1.
X
2
340. log
9X
2 (6 + 2x- x ) :S !.2
341. log11 x (2.Sx -1);?: -2
342. log1t (x + 27)-log1t (16-2x) < log1t x.
1 )1og 2 Cx -1>
2

343. ( - > 1.
2

2
)1ogn25(x 2+sx+8)
344. ( - :S 2.5.
5
345. jog2-xCx2+8x+lS) < 1.
346. (0. 5iog5logo_3(x-0.7) < l.
x+S
log1;3-
2
347. (0.5) x +3 > 1.

348. (0.5)
log3 log11
.
s(x2-~) < 1.
5

349. log 2 (sm ;) <-1.

:f-1 3
350. log 4 (:f -l)log114 .
4
x log 5 x (2-log 3 x)
351 • 1og5.X+ 1ogx - < 1 .
3 og3 X
352. log112 x + log 3 x > l.
353. 1 - log4 x .!..
1 + log 2 x 2
354. .Jtog~12 x+ 4log 3 .Jx <
4
(4-log16 x ).

355. logx+ 3 4 < .Jx+ 3) .

x-3 2

356. 3-2x
log 2 - - < 1.
l-x
357. 2.

358. log '2 (5x -1) log rn > 2.

,u. v2 5x -1
 102 IPart-1 • Algebra, Trigonometry, and Elementary Functions
359. log 3 r - 5 · I0&113 ('IX _ S)•< 2
27
logx-2
360. ( I~ ) < 100.
1 1
361
· log 3 (x + 1) < 2 log 9 .Jx 2 + 6x + 9 ·
362. log 10Iog(x2+21) > 1 + log x.
363. log0 (x-1)+ log 0 X >2
364 _ 3log0 x + 6 > l.
log~ x+ 2
365. 2 logs (x- 3d + 2)- log.Js (x + 2d- B) S 4.
366. 1 + 2 < 1.
5-Ioga x 1 + loga x
4
367. log x-13log 2 x + 36 > 0.
368. log112 (1og2 ~ ) > 0.
l+x .
2
369. log 2 x + log.Ji (x -1) < 2.
370. log 2 x log x+ 2.
371. log113 x + 2log19 (x -1) S log 6 .
13
372. 1 +·logx+1 (x - 3) < log3 (2x - 3).
logx+l 3
373. loga (1 -sa-x) 2 (1-x) (a e R).
374. 2 log112 (x -1) s .!. - 1 .
3 log (x -x)
2 8
375. log2 (4x -5-'}: + 2) > 2.
376. log lx+ 4 l-lxl >O.
2
. +2x-3
X X-1
377. (log112 xl2-log112 x 2 > (log 3)2 -1.
112
378. log2 (x + 14) + 2 log4 (x + 2) < 2 log (
112
!J
379. log114 (x + 1) -21og1116 2+ log (x 2 + 3x + 8).
114
380. log112 Iog 3 o.
x-1
381. logo.slogs (x2 - 4) > logo.s 1.
382. logl/4 x2 + 1 > log 2
1 - 1/2
log(x 1)-
- 2
383. log 2 < l.
2-x
384 10
· &o.s (x + 5)2 > log112 (3x-1)2.
 Part-1 • Algebra, Trigonometry, and Elementary Functions I 103
2 2
385. The inequality log a (x - x - 2) > log a (-x + 2x + 3) is known to be
satisfied for x = i. Find all solutions of this inequality.
9

Systems of Exponential and Logarithmic Equations

Solve the following systems of equations (386-427).
{log x + log 2 = log(x + 3),
386 2
• X + 7 X - 8 = 0.
387. { · 4x+y = 128,
53x-2y-3 = 1.
f4 (x-y}2-1_ 1
388. { - '
l sx+y = 12s.

389. { 32x -'l! =77,

-'l!/2 =7.

390. {'}; + 'l! = l2,

x+y=S.
log4 x - log 2 y = 0,
391. { 2 2
X -Sy +4=0.

392. {3· 'l: + 2· sf = 2.75,

'J:-sf =-0.75.
393. {7x -16y = 0,
4x -49y = 0.
5
394. { 4; _3.4 yY-x =16,·
-.fii =Ju-Ja.
395. {
r ·2y = 972,
llog./J(x-y) = 2.

396 . {log 4 x - logx y = ~,

xy = 16.
_ {y-log 3 x = 1,
397
. xY = J12.

398. {x xy =- 20.
logy _ '>
"'
104 IPart-1 • Al_gebra, Trigonometry, a.nd Eleme~tary Functiops
log 2 x+ 2log 2 y = 3,
399. { 2
X +J =
4 16
.

.l
400. f >>1:'
log 3 x + log 3 y = 1 + log 3 5.

X + J = 4+ .Jy 2
+ 2,
401. log x - 2 log 2 log ( 1 + 1 Y) •
\ 2
81og9(x-4y) = 1
402 '
. • {4x-2y - 7 . ,z-2y = 8.
'r 3

l
403. 5 log2 X = log2 y - log.Ji 4
log 2 y = 8 - log.Ji x.

40~. {
2 2
log(x +y )-l=log13,
· log(x+y)-log(x-y)=3log2.
X J 9
-2+ -2= -
405. y x s'
{
log 2 x + log.Ji -Jy = 3.

406 _ { log .J(x

+ y)2 =1,
llogy - log I x I= log 2.
407.{ x2+y2=4+½y, .
log 3 (x + 2y)+ logi13 (x-2y) =1.

408. j 3-m"-Y +7-m";'

log (3x-y)+ log (y + x) = 4 log 2.
-6=0.

log x + 31083 Y -7
409. 5 - ' 3
. { xY = 625.

3logx 2 = Ylog 5 y
410 '
• { 2logy 3 = ylog7 x.

,. { xy=a2,
411. - 5
Oog x )2 + Oog y )2 = Oog a 2 )2.
2
 Z -8-y =
412. {log9.!.+o.s=! log3 (9y).
. X 2
10 3-log(x-y) = 250,
413.
· l +!
2
log 4 x - log 2 y = 0,
y = 26-y.
'1x-y

414. { x2-2y2 = 8.

logs x + logs 7 · log7 y = 1 + log 5 4

415. { ·.
3+ 2log 2 y = log 2 5 (2+ 3log5 x).
l~g 2 (x-y) = 5-log2 (x + y),
416. log x-log 4 = -1.
{
logy-log 3
=
417 _ {log 2 x + log 4 y -2log112 ~'
log 4 x + log2 y = Slog 10.

418 _ {2 Oogy x + Iogx y) = 5,

xy=B.

419 _ { 2 log 2 x - 3Y = 15,

JY · log 2 x = 2log 2 x+ 3Y+1.

420 _ {logy x + logx y = 2· 5,

xy =27.

421 _ {log2 x-log 2 y 2+ log 2 (y + 1) = 1 + Iog2 3,

2Y - · 16Y = 0. .
422. {log3 Oog2 x)+ 1~&1;3 00&112 y) = 1,
xy =4.

423. lrlogx (xy) = logy x2,

y
2logyx
= 4y+ 3.
2log4 (y+ 1)+ log2 y = log2 (;-2),
424.
S+log 2 y = -6-
x log2 x
y
JC y
-+-
425. 4Y JC = 32,
{
log3 (x-y)=l-log 3 (x+y).
123·. (5 / 3, 2). 124. (1, 4). 125. {1 + .J3}. 126. {2}. 127. {4}. 128. {2}. 129. {0}. 130
{-5}. 131. {1/3}. 132. {O}. 133. {3}. 134. {3/ 2, 10}. 135. {16/ ~}. 136. {1}. 137:
{100}. 138. {2 + +10-7, 3, 102}. 139. {-2 - M}. 140. {10-l, 10}. 141.
+JJ}. 142. {10-5, 103} . 143. 144. {1 / 5, 25}. 145. {lo-3, 102}.
146. {10-4, 10}. 147. {5}. 148. {10-3, 10}. 149. {2, 16}. 150. {10, 104 }. 151. {1 / 81,
1 / 3}. 152. 5}. 153. {1 / 4, 2}. 154. {i &a \3loga b},a > 0, a* 1,
0
b > 0, b l.
-/6}.158.{-5}.159.{-4}. 8}.
161.{l/9, 3}.162.{2-7, 2}.163.{1/.Jz, 1, 4}. 164. {7}.165.-{-l, · 0}:166.{2}.
167.{1}.168.{l/16, 2}.169.{3}.170.{-9/ 5, 23}. 171.{2}.172.{1/ 2, 128}. 173.{1/
.Jio,Vio}. 174. {1}. 175. {8}. 176. {2}. 177. {'efs, 5}. 178. {10}. · 179. {9}. 180. {4}.
181. {2}. 182. {3}. 183. {3, 3+.Jz}. 184. {16}. 185. {lo-513, 102 }. 186. { 48}. 187. no-.JJ,
10./3}.188.{13}.189.{29}.190.{1,9}; 191. {-3}.192.{log 3 4}.193.x e 0.194.{0}.
195. {98}. 196. {0}. 197. {3}. 198. {-1, 2}. 199. {10}. 200. {2}. 201. {2}. 202. {1/ 5}.
203. {3}. 204. {10-2, 102} . 205. {10-1, 10}. 206. {-2}. 207. {2}. 208. {2, 4}. 209. {O}.
3
~10. {2-215, 16}. 211.. {l / 4, 1 / 2}. 212. {1, 2}. 213. {100}. 214. {10-1, 2, 10 }.

215. no-213, 10213 }. 216. {13/ 4, 10}. 217. {16}. 218. {-13/ 20, 13; 6}.
219. 220. {10-3, 10}. 221. {0, 2}. 222. {0, 7 / 4, (3+ 2,/6)/ 2}. 223.
{-17}.
224. {-1 / 4}. Solution. The bases of the logarithms 3x + 7 and 2x + 3 must exceed zero
and be different from 1. Then, taking this into account, we have
log3x+7 (9+ 12x + 14x 2 ) + log:zx-+ 3 (6x2 + 23x + 21) = 4
=> log3x+7 (2x + 3) 2 + log:zx-+ 3 (2x + 3) (3x + 7) = 4
=> 2 log3x+7 (2x + 3) + 1 + log:zx- +3 (3x + 7) = 4
=> 2 log3x+7· (2x+ 3)+ 1 _3= o
log3x+7 (2x+ 3)
=> 2 Oog3x+7(2x+ 3)) 2 - 3log3x+7C2x+ 3)+ 1 =.0
: Clog 3x +7 (2x + 3) -1)(2 log 3x +7 (2x + 3) - 1) = 0
(log3x+7 (2x + 3) = 1 or 2 log 7 (2x + 3) -1 1

=> 2 3 3x+ -
x + = 3x + 7 or (2x + 3)2 - 3 7
The first possibili le - X+ . hich
contradicts the ty c ~o x = -4, but for this value 2x + 3 = -5 < O, W:elds
4x2 + 9x + 2 = 0 in Ition 2x + 3 > 0. The second possibility Y! the
. , w ence x = -2 or x = -l/ 4, but for x = -2 the bases u•
 .- an- I .. mm~ emu Answers I JO]

logarithms 2x + 3 = -1 < 0, this contradicts the condition too. The values

x = -1 / 4 satisfies all the condinons.
225. {0}. 226. {2, 3}. 227. {2-413 , 8}. 228. {log 2 (3/ 5), log2(2/ 5)}. 229. {2}.
230. {- log 2 3}. 231. {14}. 232. {3, 10}. 233. {1 /12}:
2
234. { (-1)" x arcsin 2 + 1tn I n e Z, 0 < a < 1} •
a)/
235. x e ~for a.e (~, O] u{l, 2}, x =a+ 2for a e (0, 1) u .0.,2) u {3}, x =_a± 2~or
+
a e (2, 3) u (3, oo). Solution. Since and a2 are the bases of the log~thms, 1~
follows that x * 1 a* l· since the unknown x enters into the expz:ess1on it
follows that x > a > O; since we can take logarithms only of posinve numbers; ·
in addition O< (a 2 - 4) / (2a- x) < + oo, and, consequently, a~ 2, x 2a and
x > 2a for o<a< 2 and x < 2a for a> 2. No that under these conditions
log.Ji a= 2 / log 0 x ·
and log :c(a2 - 4)/ (2a-- x)) = 0.5 loga(Ca 2 - 4)/ (2a- x))
a
and we can write the gi'\ren equation in the form
a2 - 4 a 2 -=- 4 · ± 2•
x =a
2 · 2
loga-- = logax=> - - = x=> .x -2ax+ a -4=
. 2a- x 2a- x
Since x > 2a for a e (0, 1) u O, 2), only x =a+ 2 of the two solutions obtained
satisfies this conditions. For a > 2 the quantity x < 2a and, ·consequently, the
condition is satisfied by both solutions .. However for a = 3 we have x = a - 2 = 1 ,
i.e. this value of x does not belong to the domain of definition of the equation and,
consequently, for a = 3 we have only one solution, x = a+ 2 = 5, for x.
Combining these results, we obtain the solution written above.
236. {25}. 237. {3-2, 1,3}.
238. XE cl>fora E (-oo,l]; X = a±lfora E 2)u(2, + co), X = a+ i = 3
for a = 2. Solution. Considering the equation we infer that x > 0, x 1,
2
*
a> 0,a -:t- 1. a -1 > 0, i.e. I a I> 1, and since a> 0, it follows that a> l;a 2 -1 -:t-1,
ie, a~ -:t- 2or a -:t- and, finally, 2a - x > 0, i.e. x < 2a. Consequently, we get the
boundaries 0 < x < 2a,x -:t-1, for the unknown x. Writing the given equation for
the base of all the logarithms which is equal to 2, we get
log 2 (2a- x) + log 2 x = log 2 (a 2 -1)
=> (2a- x) x = a 2 -1
=> x 2 - 2ax + a 2 - 1 = 0
=> (x-a) 2 =1
=> X = a± 1.
The solutions obtained satisfy all the conditions enumerated above except for the
condition x -:t-1; indeed, for a= 2 we get two values for x, one of which,
x = a + 1 = 3, satisfies all the conditions, and the second, x = 1, is not a solution.
Combining all the results, we obtain the solution wri,tte:µ above.
2
239. {a la > O,a -:t-1 / a -:t-1}. 240. {4}. 241. _{(2 + 242. {arcsin
Cl /14) + 21tn In e Z}. 243. {1}. 244. {1}. 245. {-1}. 246. {-1, 3}. 247. {16}. 248. {9}.
249. {2}. 250. {1, log 2 3}. 251. {2, 64}. 252. {1 / ~}. 253. { 4, 36}. 254. {0, 3}. 255. {9}.
2
56. {1 / 3, 9}. 257. {10, 104 }. 258. {1}. 259. {5 - 4 , 5}. 260. {-1 / 2, 1 / 2}. 261. {-1 /
2 1
, / 2} • 262. For ~la e (0, 1 / 8). 263. O/ 5, 2 / 5). 264. O/ 3, '2). 265. (-1 / 2, 1 / 2).
266
, 0., 2) U (3, 4). 267, [-1, 1) U (3, 5]. 268. (2, 3), 269. (-co, 1 / 2). 270. (4, 6). 271.
[l; 3, 1/ 2]. 272. [1/ 3, ~/ 3). 273. [-7, _ u [5, ./35). 274. (- 00 , - 3/ 2)
3
V\ , + ). 275. [1 / 2, 4]. 276. 0 / ..fi:i, + oo ) • .,
00
 277. (0, 1 / 2] u (2, · 4]. 278. (0, 10). 279. (0l, 1) u 0, 10). 280. (-1, 0) u Q, ).
2
281. [log 3 0. 9, 2). 282. (-1 , + 00 ). 283. (4 / 3, -17 / 22). . .
284. (-2, 2 _ J[s). Solution. Since the denominator of the fraction JS always positive, the
numerator must be 0 for t,he inequality to be satisfied. The trinomiaJ
2
2- sx _ x > o for all x e (-2, 3), and the denominator is meaningful only for
these values. The trinomial x 2 - 4x + 11 = (x - 2) + 7 7 for any x e R, and in
3

2
that case log 5 (x 2 - 4x + 11)2 > 0. The trinomial x - 4x -11 assumes
nonnegative vajues for_x e (-oo, 2 - Jfs) u (2 + Jfs, + 00 ), and only for these
values log 11 (x 2 - 4x -11)3 meaningful. Thus, for the left-hand side of the
inequality to have sense, it is necessary that both inequalJties be satisfied, i.e. that
x e (-2, 2- .Jis). On that interval f (x) = log 11 (x - 4x -11) < 0. Indeed,
f (-2) = log 11 13 = 0,
f (2-.Jis)= log 11 0 = -oo, The trinomial x 2 - 4x-11 attains its minimum value
for x = 2 . When varies to the left of x = 2, the values of the trinomial increase
continuously, for x = 2- .Jis its value is equal to zero, for x = + 2 it is equal to 1;
thus f (x) increasea monotonically when x varies from 2- Jfs 'to -2, remaining
negative all the time. Consequently, on the left:-hand side of the inequality the
numer~tor of the fraction is positive for x e (-2, 2 - .Jfs) and the inequality is
valid for these values.
285. (-co, -2)u(-1/2, +00). 286. (6, +00), - 287. (2, 5/2).
288. (-co, -1) U (4, + oo), 289. (- 00, - 2) U (4, + 00 ).
290. (-4/ 3, (3- M)/ 2)u (3+ M)/ 2, + 00).
291. -1) u 0, 292. (-1, 0) u O + 00 ).
293. (-16/ 3, - 3). 294. 0, 2) u (3, + 00 ). 295. (2, + 00 ).
296. 0, 2] u[3, 4). 297. - 2) u O, 298. (2, 3).
299. (-co, 2). 300. (-00, 0] u[log 5, 1).
6
301. (-3, -./6) u (../6, 3). 302. (-4, - 3) u (8, + 00 ).
303. (-co, u(-1 + l)u O, + 00).
304. 0og3lO, + 00 ). 305. (3, 4)u(6, + 00). 306. (-1/ 2, 0].
307. (-1/ 2, -1/ 3). 308. (0, 1/ 2)u(2, 3).
309. (-co, - 2) u (-~, -1) u 0, u (2, + 00 ).
310. c-, -2/ 3] u[l / 2, 2]. 311. h'6-1, 2) u (2, 5].
312. 0og 2 (2/ 3), 0) u (0, + 00 ).
313. 2). 314.[4, +00).
3l5. 9). 316. Oog 2 (5/ 4), log 2 3). 317. [log 14, 4]. 318. (3,lO}
2
319. (5 I B, + ). 320. [ 0, 27 /16]. 321. (0, 1 / 5) u o,
00
322. O, · 4). 323. (0, 27).
324l0, 1 / 3) u (3, 10 I 3). 325. co, 1; Bl u [1; 4, + 00 ). 326. [2 + .J2, 4). 327. (3/ 4, 4
/3). 328. (0, 1 / 2) u 0, 2) u (3, 6). 329. (2, + 00 ). 330. (- 3 / 2, -1) u (-1, 0) u (0, 3).
331. 00- ../43, 4) u 00 + ../43, + 00 ). 332. (2, + 1) u (3.5, + 00 ). 333. (5, s.s)
u (6.5, + ). 334.
00
-1) u 0, ( -1) / 5]. 335. (0, 1) u (2, + 00). 336, (3,
5- u (7,+oo), 337. (-6, - 5) u (-3, - 2). 338. (0, c3 _ 2) u[5/ 2, (3+
339.(-2, -1) u ~-1, 0) u (0, l) u (2, + oo). 340. 0- ..ff, - l) u (-1; 3, 0) u (0, 1 / ~>
u(2, 1 + 34Ul / _2, 1) u[2, + oo ). 342. (3, 4.5) u (8, + 00 ). 343. (-.J2, -1) u(l,
344. [-4;-l].345. (-4- - 5) u (-3, - 4+ u 0, 2). 346. (0.7, 1). 347, (-}nn>
348. 349.(41tn, 1t(12n+l)/3)u(1tO2n+5)/3, 21t+ ,..,1.s)
( 00 ,.n as .Jog3)/1v., .
n e Z) 350. (0, 1) U (2, + ). 351. (0, 1 / u 0, 3). 352. (0, lu-_og
.
~ 53. CO. 1 / 2) u (,/2, + -J. 354. (0, 1 / 4J u[l, 4t 355. (3, 9t 356. [2, + - t 357. (0, 1:
41 u C4, + ). 358. Oog 5 n + Iog·5 3). 359. Oog 2 5, 3) u Oog 2 14, + 00 ) . 360• O.,lO ).
00

361. (-I. 0). 362. (0, 3) u c7 , + 00 ). 363 . x _e 0.,(1 + .Ji+ 4a 2 ) / 2) for a e (0, 1);
2
x e (U + .Ji+ 4a ) I 2, + oo) for a e (1, + oo ). 364. x e (a 4 , a- 1 ) for a e (0, l);x e (a-t,
4
00
a ) for x en,+ ). 365. x e ((202- 53d)/ 24, + oo) ford e (-oo, 2), x e (4, + oo) for
d = 2; x e (3d- 2, + for d e (2, + oo ). 366. x e (0, a 5 ) u (a 3, a 2) u (a- 1 , + 00 ) for
00
)

2 3
Q E (0, 1); X E (0, Q-l) U (a , a ) U(a 5, + oo) for Q E Q, + oo ). 367.(0, 10-3) U (10-2, 102) U
3 00
0.0 , + ). 368.
00
c- 00
, - 2). 369. n, 2). 370. co, 10-1 ) u 002, + 00 ).

3 71. [ 3, + ). Solution. The eJq>ressions on the left-hand side have sense for
00
x e Cl,+ ) . Then, talcing into account that log 113 y is a decreasing function, we
have log 113 x + 2log 119 (x -1) $ log 113 6 log (x 2 - x) $ log 6
2 113 113
x - x 6 x $ -2, or x 3. Since, in addition, x en, + oo ), the first inequality
obtained is not suitable and the inequality only holds for x e [ 3, + oo).
372. (3, 4). 373. x e[log 0 (4+ 16+ a 2 ), 3log 2)
0
fora e (0,1),x e[log
2
(4+ a ),+ )fora e (1, + oo). 374.[2, + 00),
00 0

375. (-1 + log 2 (5+ -.J33), + oo).

376. (-1 - 3) u -1, 5). 377. (0, 1 / 6)u (3/ 2, + oo ).
378. (-2, 2). 379. (-1, + 00 ). 380. [2, + 00 ).
381. (-3, - u 3). 382. 0., 2). 383. (1 / 3, 1).
384. (-oo, - 5) u (-5, -1) u (3, + 00 ).
385. (2, 5/ 2). 386. {1}. 387. {(2, 3/ 2)}. 388. {0., 2), (2,1)}. 389. {(2,.2)}.
390. {(2, 3),(3, 2)}. 391. {(4, 2), (1, 1)}. 392. {(-?, 0)}. 393. {(-2, 1/784)}. 394. {(12,
4)}. 395. {(5, 2n. 396. {(s, 2n. 397_ {(27, 4)(11 si. - 3)}. 398. {(2, 10), no, 2n.
399. ~)}. 400. {(3, 5)}. 401. {(5, 1 / 2)}. 402. {(5, 1)}. 403. {(4, 16)}. 404. {(9,
7)}. 405. {(4, 2), (2, 4)}. 406.{(10 / 3, 20/3), (-10, 20)}. 407. {(2, 1 / 2)}. 408. {(2, 2)}.
409. {(625, 3), (125, 4)}. 410. {(2V1orl7 /log3 s,3Vlori S/log27 )}. 411. {(a3:a-l ), ca-1' a3)

I a> O}. 412. {(2, 1 / 6)}. 413. {(20, 16)}. 414. {( 4, 2)}. 415. {(2, 5)}. 416. {(6, 2)}.
417. {(4, 16)}. 418. {(2, 4), (4, 2)}. 419. {(512, 1)}. 420. {(3, 9), (9, 3)}. 421. {(S, 5)}.
422. {(64, 1 / 4)}. 423. {(2, 1 / 4), (2+ 2+ 424. {(4, 1), (16, 2)}.
425. {2, 1}. Solution. We can rewrite the first equation of the system in the form
(xy * 0):
22cx2+y2)/xy = 2s => 2 (x2 + y2) = 5
xy
2
2
2 x + - =5=>2(x)-5(x)+2
y x/y y _ y

= O=> ( ; - 2) ( -1) = 0=> x = 2y or y = 2x.

Thus, the initial system of equations reduces to two systems
X = 2y { y = 2x,
log 3 (x- y) = 1- log 3 (x+ y), log 3 (x- y) = l- log3 (x+ y),
{
xy * 0, xy *0