2025학년도 전국연합학력평가 기출문제 1

제 3 교시 1학년 영어 영역(4강)
성명 수험 번호

2024년 9월 21번 2024년 3월 21번

1. 밑줄 친 “hanging out with the winners”가 다음 글 2. 밑줄 친 push animal senses into Aristotelian buckets
에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은? 가 다음 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점]
One valuable technique for getting out of Consider the seemingly simple question How
helplessness, depression, and situations which are many senses are there? Around 2,370 years ago,
predominantly being run by the thought, “I can’t,” Aristotle wrote that there are five, in both humans
is to choose to be with other persons who have and animals — sight, hearing, smell, taste, and
resolved the problem with which we struggle. This touch. However, according to the philosopher
is one of the great powers of self-help groups. Fiona Macpherson, there are reasons to doubt it.
When we are in a negative state, we have given a For a start, Aristotle missed a few in humans: the
lot of energy to negative thought forms, and the perception of your own body which is different
positive thought forms are weak. Those who are in from touch and the sense of balance which has
a higher vibration are free of the energy from their links to both touch and vision. Other animals have
negative thoughts and have energized positive senses that are even harder to categorize. Many
thought forms. Merely to be in their presence is vertebrates have a different sense system for
beneficial. In some self-help groups, this is called detecting odors. Some snakes can detect the body
“hanging out with the winners.” The benefit here is heat of their prey. These examples tell us that
on the psychic level of consciousness, and there is “senses cannot be clearly divided into a limited
a transfer of positive energy and relighting of one’s number of specific kinds,” Macpherson wrote in
own latent positive thought forms. The Senses. Instead of trying to push animal senses
*latent 잠재적인 into Aristotelian buckets, we should study them for
what they are.
① staying with those who sacrifice themselves for *vertebrate 척추동물 **odor 냄새
others
② learning from people who have succeeded in ① sort various animal senses into fixed categories
competition ② keep a balanced view to understand real senses
③ keeping relationships with people in a higher ③ doubt the traditional way of dividing all senses
social position ④ ignore the lessons on senses from Aristotle
④ spending time with those who need social skill ⑤ analyze more animals to find real senses
development
⑤ being with positive people who have overcome seemingly 겉으로 보기에, 외견상으로
philosopher 철학자
negative states doubt 의심하다
helplessness 무력함 perception 인식
depression 우울감 link 관련(성), 연결
predominantly 현저히, 두드러지게 vision 시각
struggle with (문제 등)으로 분투하다, 싸우다 categorize 범주화하다, 분류하다
vibration 진동 detect 감지하다
free of ~이 없는 prey 먹잇감
energize 활기 띠게 하다, 활기를 북돋우다 divide 나누다
presence 있음, 존재 specific 특정한
beneficial 유익한 traditional 전통적인
hang out with ~과 어울리다, ~과 시간을 보내다 analyze 분석하다
benefit 이점
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transfer 전달, 이동, 옮김
relight 재점화하다, 다시 점화하다
sacrifice 희생하다
 2 영어 영역
2023년 11월 21번 2023년 9월 21번
3. 밑줄 친 our brain and the universe meet가 다음 글 4. 밑줄 친 fall silently in the woods가 다음 글에서 의
에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점] 미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점]

Many people take the commonsense view that Most people have no doubt heard this question:
color is an objective property of things, or of the If a tree falls in the forest and there is no one
light that bounces off them. They say a tree’s there to hear it fall, does it make a sound? The
leaves are green because they reflect green light — correct answer is no. Sound is more than pressure
a greenness that is just as real as the leaves. Others waves, and indeed there can be no sound without
argue that color doesn’t inhabit the physical world a hearer. And similarly, scientific communication is
at all but exists only in the eye or mind of the a two-way process. Just as a signal of any kind is
viewer. They maintain that if a tree fell in a forest useless unless it is perceived, a published scientific
and no one was there to see it, its leaves would be paper (signal) is useless unless it is both received
colorless — and so would everything else. They say and understood by its intended audience. Thus we
there is no such thing as color; there are only the can restate the axiom of science as follows: A
people who see it. Both positions are, in a way, scientific experiment is not complete until the
correct. Color is objective and subjective — “the results have been published and understood.
place,” as Paul Cézanne put it, “where our brain Publication is no more than pressure waves unless
and the universe meet.” Color is created when light the published paper is understood. Too many
from the world is registered by the eyes and scientific papers fall silently in the woods.
interpreted by the brain. *axiom 자명한 이치

① we see things beyond the range of perception ① fail to include the previous study
② objects appear different by the change of light ② end up being considered completely false
③ your perspectives and others’ reach an agreement ③ become useless because they are not published
④ our mind and physical reality interact with each ④ focus on communication to meet public demands
other ⑤ are published yet readers don’t understand them
⑤ structures of the human brain and the universe
are similar

commonsense 상식적인, 상식을 가진

view 견해
no doubt 틀림없이, 아마 ~일 것이다)
objective 객관적인
pressure wave 압력파
property 속성, 특성
similarly 마찬가지로, 유사하게
bounce off ~을 맞고 튕겨 나가다
two-way 양방향의
reflect 반사하다
process 프로세스, 과정
inhabit 살다, 거주하다
perceive 감지하다, 인지하다
objective 주관적인
publish 출판하다
register 등록하다
scientific paper 과학 논문
interpret 해석하다, 설명하다
restate 재진술하다
perception 지각, 인식
as follows 다음과 같이
perspective 관점
experiment 실험
interact 상호 작용을 하다, 소통하다
publication 출판
structure 구조
previous 이전의

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 영어 영역 3
2023년 6월 21번 2023년 3월 21번
5. 밑줄 친 become unpaid ambassadors가 다음 글에서 6. 밑줄 친 The divorce of the hands from the head가
의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은? 다음 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점]

Why do you care how a customer reacts to a If we adopt technology, we need to pay its
purchase? Good question. By understanding costs. Thousands of traditional livelihoods have
post-purchase behavior, you can understand the been pushed aside by progress, and the lifestyles
influence and the likelihood of whether a buyer around those jobs removed. Hundreds of millions
will repurchase the product (and whether she will of humans today work at jobs they hate,
keep it or return it). You’ll also determine whether producing things they have no love for. Sometimes
the buyer will encourage others to purchase the these jobs cause physical pain, disability, or chronic
product from you. Satisfied customers can become disease. Technology creates many new jobs that are
unpaid ambassadors for your business, so customer certainly dangerous. At the same time, mass
satisfaction should be on the top of your to-do education and media train humans to avoid
list. People tend to believe the opinions of people low-tech physical work, to seek jobs working in
they know. People trust friends over advertisements the digital world. The divorce of the hands from
any day. They know that advertisements are paid the head puts a stress on the human mind. Indeed,
to tell the “good side” and that they’re used to the sedentary nature of the best-paying jobs is a
persuade them to purchase products and services. health risk—for body and mind.
By continually monitoring your customer’s *chronic 만성의 **sedentary 주로 앉아서 하는
satisfaction after the sale, you have the ability to
avoid negative word-of-mouth advertising. ① ignorance of modern technology
② endless competition in the labor market
① recommend products to others for no gain ③ not getting along well with our coworkers
② offer manufacturers feedback on products ④ working without any realistic goals for our career
③ become people who don’t trust others’ words ⑤ our increasing use of high technology in the
④ get rewards for advertising products overseas workplace
⑤ buy products without worrying about the price

adopt 받아들이다, 채택하다

technology 기술
cost 비용, 대가
livelihood 생계 수단
push aside (옆으로) 밀다, 밀어 치우다
progress 발전, 전진
lifestyle 생활 방식
remove 없애다
hate 싫어하다
produce 생산하다, 제작하다
purchase 구매품, 구매 physical 육체의, 신체의
post-purchase behavior 구매 후 행동 pain 고통, 통증
likelihood 가능성 disability 장애
determine 알아내다, 결정하다 disease 질환, 질병
satisfied 만족한 mass 대중(의)
unpaid 무급의, 무보수의 education 교육
ambassador 대사 train 훈련시키다
persuade 설득하다 avoid 피하다
monitor 모니터하다, 감시하다 seek 찾다, 구하다
avoid 피하다 divorce 단절, 이혼
negative 부정적인 stress 부담, 긴장
word-of-mouth 입소문의, 말로 전하는 indeed 실제로, 참으로
risk 위험 (요소)

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4 영어 영역
2022년 11월 21번 2022년 9월 21번
7. 밑줄 친 challenge this sacred cow가 다음 글에서 8. 밑줄 친 fire a customer가 다음 글에서 의미하는 바
의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점] 로 가장 적절한 것은?

Our language helps to reveal our deeper Is the customer always right? When customers
assumptions. Think of these revealing phrases: return a broken product to a famous company,
When we accomplish something important, we say which makes kitchen and bathroom fixtures, the
it took “blood, sweat, and tears.” We say company nearly always offers a replacement to
important achievements are “hard-earned.” We maintain good customer relations. Still, “there are
recommend a “hard day’s work” when “day’s times you’ve got to say ‘no,’” explains the
work” would be enough. When we talk of “easy warranty expert of the company, such as when a
money,” we are implying it was obtained through product is undamaged or has been abused.
illegal or questionable means. We use the phrase Entrepreneur Lauren Thorp, who owns an
“That’s easy for you to say” as a criticism, usually e-commerce company, says, “While the customer is
when we are seeking to invalidate someone’s ‘always’ right, sometimes you just have to fire a
opinion. It’s like we all automatically accept that customer.” When Thorp has tried everything to
the “right” way is, inevitably, the harder one. In resolve a complaint and realizes that the customer
my experience this is hardly ever questioned. What will be dissatisfied no matter what, she returns her
would happen if you do challenge this sacred cow? attention to the rest of her customers, who she
We don’t even pause to consider that something says are “the reason for my success.”
important and valuable could be made easy. What
if the biggest thing keeping us from doing what ① deal with a customer’s emergency
matters is the false assumption that it has to take ② delete a customer’s purchasing record
huge effort? ③ reject a customer’s unreasonable demand
*invalidate 틀렸음을 입증하다 ④ uncover the hidden intention of a customer
⑤ rely on the power of an influential customer
① resist the tendency to avoid any hardship
② escape from the pressure of using formal language
③ doubt the solid belief that only hard work is
worthy
④ abandon the old notion that money always comes
first
⑤ break the superstition that holy animals bring
good luck
reveal 드러내다
assumption 전제, 가정
phrase 문구, 어구
accomplish 성취하다
blood 피
sweat 땀
customer 고객, 손님
tear 눈물
fixture (가옥 내 붙박이) 설비, 시설, 비품
achievement 성과, 성취
replacement 대체(물), 교체(물)
hard-earned 힘들게 얻은
maintain 유지하다
recommend 권하다, 추천하다
warranty (상품 등의) 보증
imply 넌지시 나타내다, 암시하다
expert 전문가
illegal 불법의
abuse 남용하다, 악용하다
questionable 의심스러운
entrepreneur 기업가, 사업가
means 수단
e-commerce 전자 상거래
criticism 비판
resolve 해결하다, 풀다
seek to do ~하려고 하다
complaint 불만, 불평
automatically 자동적으로
dissatisfied 만족하지 않은
inevitably 반드시, 불가피하게
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pause 잠시 멈추다
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false 거짓의
huge 엄청난, 거대한
 영어 영역 5
2022년 6월 21번 2022년 3월 21번
9. 밑줄 친 put the glass down이 다음 글에서 의미하 10. 밑줄 친 Leave those activities to the rest of the
는 바로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점] sheep이 다음 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
[3점]
A psychology professor raised a glass of water
while teaching stress management principles to her A job search is not a passive task. When you
students, and asked them, “How heavy is this glass are searching, you are not browsing, nor are you
of water I’m holding?” Students shouted out “just looking”. Browsing is not an effective way to
various answers. The professor replied, “The reach a goal you claim to want to reach. If you
absolute weight of this glass doesn’t matter. It are acting with purpose, if you are serious about
depends on how long I hold it. If I hold it for a anything you chose to do, then you need to be
minute, it’s quite light. But, if I hold it for a day direct, focused and whenever possible, clever.
straight, it will cause severe pain in my arm, Everyone else searching for a job has the same
forcing me to drop the glass to the floor. In each goal, competing for the same jobs. You must do
case, the weight of the glass is the same, but the more than the rest of the herd. Regardless of how
longer I hold it, the heavier it feels to me.” As the long it may take you to find and get the job you
class nodded their heads in agreement, she want, being proactive will logically get you results
continued, “Your stresses in life are like this glass faster than if you rely only on browsing online job
of water. If you still feel the weight of yesterday’s boards and emailing an occasional resume. Leave
stress, it’s a strong sign that it’s time to put the those activities to the rest of the sheep.
glass down.”
① Try to understand other job-seekers’ feelings.
① pour more water into the glass ② Keep calm and stick to your present position.
② set a plan not to make mistakes ③ Don’t be scared of the job-seeking competition.
③ let go of the stress in your mind ④ Send occasional emails to your future employers.
④ think about the cause of your stress ⑤ Be more active to stand out from other
⑤ learn to accept the opinions of others jobseekers.

job search 구직 활동
passive 수동적인
browse 훑어보다
psychology 심리학 effective 효과적인
professor 교수 reach 도달하다
management 관리 claim 주장하다, 공언하다
principle 원칙 purpose 목적
absolute 절대적인, 완전한 serious 진지한
cause 야기하다, 초래하다 direct 직접적인
severe 심각한 focused 집중하는
pain 고통, 아픔
rest 나머지
agreement 동의, 합의
herd 무리
regardless of ~에 관계없이
proactive 진취적인
logically 논리적으로
rely on ~에 의존[의지]하다
resume 이력서
sheep 양, 어리석은 사람
5 6 ✚실제 시험범위와 다를 수 있습니다.
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 6 영어 영역
2021년 11월 21번 2021년 9월 21번
11. 밑줄 친 a slap in our own face가 다음 글에서 의 12. 밑줄 친 “matter out of place”가 다음 글에서 의미
미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점] 하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

When it comes to climate change, many blame Nothing is trash by nature. Anthropologist Mary
the fossil fuel industry for pumping greenhouse Douglas brings back and analyzes the common
gases, the agricultural sector for burning rainforests, saying that dirt is “matter out of place.” Dirt is
or the fashion industry for producing excessive relative, she emphasizes. “Shoes are not dirty in
clothes. But wait, what drives these industrial themselves, but it is dirty to place them on the
activities? Our consumption. Climate change is a dining-table; food is not dirty in itself, but it is
summed product of each person’s behavior. For dirty to leave pots and pans in the bedroom, or
example, the fossil fuel industry is a popular food all over clothing; similarly, bathroom items in
scapegoat in the climate crisis. But why do they the living room; clothing lying on chairs; outdoor
drill and burn fossil fuels? We provide them strong things placed indoors; upstairs things downstairs,
financial incentives: some people regularly travel on and so on.” Sorting the dirty from the clean—
airplanes and cars that burn fossil fuels. Some removing the shoes from the table, putting the
people waste electricity generated by burning fuel dirty clothing in the washing machine — involves
in power plants. Some people use and throw away systematic ordering and classifying. Eliminating dirt
plastic products derived from crude oil every day. is thus a positive process.
Blaming the fossil fuel industry while engaging in
these behaviors is a slap in our own face. ① something that is completely broken
*scapegoat 희생양 ② a tiny dust that nobody notices
③ a dirty but renewable material
① giving the future generation room for change ④ what can be easily replaced
② warning ourselves about the lack of natural ⑤ a thing that is not in order
resources
③ refusing to admit the benefits of fossil fuel
production
④ failing to recognize our responsibility for climate
change
⑤ starting to deal with environmental problems
individually

blame 탓하다, 비난하다

fossil fuel 화석 연료
industry 산업
greenhouse gas 온실가스
agricultural 농업의, 농사의
sector 분야, 부문 trash 쓰레기
rainforest 열대 우림 by nature 본래부터, 천성적으로
excessive 과다한, 지나친 anthropologist 인류학자
consumption 소비 analyze 해석하다, 분석하다
dirt 더러운 것, 오물
drill 시추하다, 뚫다 relative 상대적인
financial 금전적인, 재정상의 emphasize 강조하다
incentive 동기, 유인 pot 냄비
power plant 발전소 lie 놓여 있다
derive ~ from ... ~을 …에서 얻다 sort 분류하다
crude oil 원유 involve 포함하다, 관계가 있다
eliminate 제거하다
engage in ~에 참여하다
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 2025학년도 전국연합학력평가 기출문제 1
제 3 교시 1학년 영어 영역(6강)
성명 수험 번호

2024년 9월 23번 2024년 3월 23번

1. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? 2. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
By improving accessibility of the workplace for Crop rotation is the process in which farmers
workers that are typically at a disadvantage in the change the crops they grow in their fields in a
labour market, AI can improve inclusiveness in the special order. For example, if a farmer has three
workplace. AI-powered assistive devices to aid fields, he or she may grow carrots in the first field,
workers with visual, speech or hearing difficulties green beans in the second, and tomatoes in the
are becoming more widespread, improving the access third. The next year, green beans will be in the
to, and the quality of work for people with first field, tomatoes in the second field, and carrots
disabilities. For example, speech recognition solutions will be in the third. In year three, the crops will
for people with dysarthric voices, or live captioning rotate again. By the fourth year, the crops will go
systems for deaf and hard of hearing people can back to their original order. Each crop enriches the
facilitate communication with colleagues and access soil for the next crop. This type of farming is
to jobs where inter-personal communication is sustainable because the soil stays healthy.
necessary. AI can also enhance the capabilities of *sustainable 지속 가능한
low-skilled workers, with potentially positive effects
on their wages and career prospects. For example, ① advantage of crop rotation in maintaining soil
AI’s capacity to translate written and spoken word health
in real-time can improve the performance of ② influence of purchasing organic food on farmers
non-native speakers in the workplace. Moreover, ③ ways to choose three important crops for rich soil
recent developments in AI-powered text generators ④ danger of growing diverse crops in small spaces
can instantly improve the performance of ⑤ negative impact of crop rotation on the
lower-skilled individuals in domains such as writing, environment
coding or customer service.
*dysarthric (신경 장애로 인한) 구음(構音) 장애의
accessibility 접근성
disadvantage 불리한 위치[처지]
labour market 노동 시장
① jobs replaced by AI in the labour market inclusiveness 포괄성
② ethical issues caused by using AI in the workplace assistive 보조의, 도움이 되는
device 장치, 기구
③ necessity of using AI technology for language visual 시각의
widespread 널리 보급된[퍼진]
learning access 접근(성)
recognition 인식
④ impacts of AI on supporting workers with captioning (방송) 자막 넣기
facilitate 용이하게 하다 crop rotation 윤작, 돌려짓기
disadvantages colleague (직장) 동료 process 과정
enhance 향상하다, 높이다 field 밭
⑤ new designs of AI technology to cure people with potentially 잠재적으로
rotate 순환하다
wage 임금
disabilities prospect 전망 original 원래의
capacity 능력 enrich 비옥하게 하다
translate 번역하다 soil 토양
generator 생성기, 발전기 advantage 이점, 장점
instantly 즉시, 즉각 diverse 다양한
domain 영역, 범위
ethical 윤리적인
impact 영향

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 2 영어 영역
2023년 11월 23번 2023년 9월 23번
3. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? 4. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
Nearly everything has to go through your mouth The interaction of workers from different cultural
to get to the rest of you, from food and air to backgrounds with the host population might
bacteria and viruses. A healthy mouth can help increase productivity due to positive externalities
your body get what it needs and prevent it from like knowledge spillovers. This is only an advantage
harm — with adequate space for air to travel to up to a certain degree. When the variety of
your lungs, and healthy teeth and gums that backgrounds is too large, fractionalization may
prevent harmful microorganisms from entering your cause excessive transaction costs for
bloodstream. From the moment you are created, communication, which may lower productivity.
oral health affects every aspect of your life. What Diversity not only impacts the labour market, but
happens in the mouth is usually just the tip of the may also affect the quality of life in a location. A
iceberg and a reflection of what is happening in tolerant native population may value a multicultural
other parts of the body. Poor oral health can be a city or region because of an increase in the range
cause of a disease that affects the entire body. The of available goods and services. On the other hand,
microorganisms in an unhealthy mouth can enter diversity could be perceived as an unattractive
the bloodstream and travel anywhere in the body, feature if natives perceive it as a distortion of what
posing serious health risks. they consider to be their national identity. They
*microorganism 미생물 might even discriminate against other ethnic groups
and they might fear that social conflicts between
① the way the immune system fights viruses different foreign nationalities are imported into their
② the effect of unhealthy eating habits on the body own neighbourhood.
③ the difficulty in raising awareness about oral *externality 외부 효과 **fractionalization 분열
health
④ the importance of oral health and its impact on ① roles of culture in ethnic groups
the body ② contrastive aspects of cultural diversity
⑤ the relationship between oral health and emotional ③ negative perspectives of national identity
well-being ④ factors of productivity differences across countries
⑤ policies to protect minorities and prevent
discrimination
interaction 상호 작용
host population 현지 주민
productivity 생산성
due to ~으로 인해, ~ 때문에
spillover 파급
advantage 장점, 이점
up to a certain degree 어느 정도까지
prevent 지키다, 막다 variety 다양성
excessive 과도한
adequate 적당한, 충분한 transaction 거래
lung 폐 communication 의사소통
gum 잇몸 impact 영향을 미치다
bloodstream 혈류 labour market 노동 시장
oral 입의, 구강의 tolerant 관용적인
native population 원주민
affect 영향을 미치다 multicultural 다문화의
aspect 측면 available 이용 가능한
tip of the iceberg 빙산의 일각 goods 재화
reflection 반영 service 용역
pose a risk 위험을 초래하다, 해를 끼치다 perceive 인식하다, 인지하다
unattractive 매력적이지 않은
immune system 면역 체계 feature 특징
awareness 인식, 의식 distortion 왜곡
emotional 정서적인, 감정적인 identity 정체성
discriminate 차별하다
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conflict 갈등
import 유입하다, 들여오다 꼼꼼하게 점검하고 복습하세요. ^_^
contrastive 대조적인
aspect 측면
perspective 관점
policy 정책, 방침
 영어 영역 3
2023년 6월 23번 2023년 3월 23번
5. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? 6. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
We tend to believe that we possess a host of As the social and economic situation of countries
socially desirable characteristics, and that we are got better, wage levels and working conditions
free of most of those that are socially undesirable. improved. Gradually people were given more time
For example, a large majority of the general public off. At the same time, forms of transport improved
thinks that they are more intelligent, more and it became faster and cheaper to get to places.
fair-minded, less prejudiced, and more skilled England’s industrial revolution led to many of these
behind the wheel of an automobile than the changes. Railways, in the nineteenth century,
average person. This phenomenon is so reliable and opened up now famous seaside resorts such as
ubiquitous that it has come to be known as the Blackpool and Brighton. With the railways came
“Lake Wobegon effect,” after Garrison Keillor’s many large hotels. In Canada, for example, the
fictional community where “the women are strong, new coast-to-coast railway system made possible
the men are good-looking, and all the children are the building of such famous hotels as Banff Springs
above average.” A survey of one million high and Chateau Lake Louise in the Rockies. Later, the
school seniors found that 70% thought they were arrival of air transport opened up more of the
above average in leadership ability, and only 2% world and led to tourism growth.
thought they were below average. In terms of
ability to get along with others, all students ① factors that caused tourism expansion
thought they were above average, 60% thought ② discomfort at a popular tourist destination
they were in the top 10%, and 25% thought they ③ importance of tourism in society and economy
were in the top 1%! ④ negative impacts of tourism on the environment
*ubiquitous 도처에 있는 ⑤ various types of tourism and their characteristics

① importance of having a positive self-image as a

leader
② our common belief that we are better than
average
③ our tendency to think others are superior to us
④ reasons why we always try to be above average
⑤ danger of prejudice in building healthy social
social 사회의
networks economic 경제의
situation 상황
tend to do ~하는 경향이 있다
wage 임금, 급료
possess (능력 등을) 갖고 있다
level 수준
a host of 많은, 다수의
condition 여건, 조건
desirable 바람직한
improve 개선되다, 향상되다
characteristic 특징, 특질
gradually 점차
be free of ~이 없다, ~에서 자유롭다
form 형태
intelligent 지적인
transport 운송, 수송
fair-minded 공정한
industrial 산업의
prejudiced 편견을 가진
revolution 혁명
behind the wheel 운전하여
railway 철도
phenomenon 현상
seaside 해안가, 바닷가
reliable 신뢰할 수 있는, 믿을 만한
resort 리조트, 휴양지
fictional 허구의, 소설의
coast-to-coast 대륙 횡단의
community 공동체
arrival 출현, 도래
survey (설문) 조사
tourism 관광 산업, 관광
in terms of ~의 면에서, ~에 관해서
growth 성장, 발전
get along with ~과 잘 지내다
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 4 영어 영역
2022년 11월 23번 2022년 9월 23번
7. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? 8. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
The most remarkable and unbelievable consequence For creatures like us, evolution smiled upon those
of melting ice and rising seas is that together they with a strong need to belong. Survival and
are a kind of time machine, so real that they are reproduction are the criteria of success by natural
altering the duration of our day. It works like this: selection, and forming relationships with other
As the glaciers melt and the seas rise, gravity people can be useful for both survival and
forces more water toward the equator. This reproduction. Groups can share resources, care for
changes the shape of the Earth ever so slightly, sick members, scare off predators, fight together
making it fatter around the middle, which in turns against enemies, divide tasks so as to improve
slows the rotation of the planet similarly to the efficiency, and contribute to survival in many other
way a ballet dancer slows her spin by spreading ways. In particular, if an individual and a group
out her arms. The slowdown isn’t much, just a want the same resource, the group will generally
few thousandths of a second each year, but like prevail, so competition for resources would
the barely noticeable jump of rising seas every year, especially favor a need to belong. Belongingness
it adds up. When dinosaurs lived on the Earth, a will likewise promote reproduction, such as by
day lasted only about twenty-three hours. bringing potential mates into contact with each
other, and in particular by keeping parents together
① cause of rising temperatures on the Earth to care for their children, who are much more
② principles of planets maintaining their shapes likely to survive if they have more than one
③ implications of melting ice on marine biodiversity caregiver.
④ way to keep track of time without using any
device ① skills for the weak to survive modern life
⑤ impact of melting ice and rising seas on the ② usefulness of belonging for human evolution
length of a day ③ ways to avoid competition among social groups
④ roles of social relationships in children’s education
⑤ differences between two major evolutionary
theories

remarkable 놀라운
consequence 결과
melt 녹다
alter 바꾸다
duration (지속되는) 기간, (시간의) 지속
evolution 진화
glacier 빙하
belong 소속하다, 속하다
gravity 중력
survival 생존
force (억지로) 밀어 넣다
reproduction 번식
equator 적도
criterion 기준 (pl. criteria)
slightly 약간, 조금
natural selection 자연 선택
rotation 회전
scare off ~을 겁을 주어 쫓아 버리다
planet 행성
predator 포식자
spin 회전
efficiency 효율성
spread 뻗다, 펴다
contribute to ~에 기여하다
slowdown 감속
in particular 특히
barely 거의 ~ 아닌[없이], 겨우
individual 개인
noticeable 알아차릴 수 있는
prevail 이기다, 우세하다
dinosaur 공룡
promote 촉진시키다
last 지속되다
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 영어 영역 5
2022년 6월 23번 2022년 3월 23번
9. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? 10. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점]
Every day, children explore and construct The whole of human society operates on knowing
relationships among objects. Frequently, these the future weather. For example, farmers in India
relationships focus on how much or how many of know when the monsoon rains will come next year
something exists. Thus, children count — “One and so they know when to plant the crops.
cookie, two shoes, three candles on the birthday Farmers in Indonesia know there are two monsoon
cake, four children in the sandbox.” Children rains each year, so next year they can have two
compare — “Which has more? Which has fewer? harvests. This is based on their knowledge of the
Will there be enough?” Children calculate — “How past, as the monsoons have always come at about
many will fit? Now, I have five. I need one more.” the same time each year in living memory. But the
In all of these instances, children are developing a need to predict goes deeper than this; it influences
notion of quantity. Children reveal and investigate every part of our lives. Our houses, roads,
mathematical concepts through their own activities railways, airports, offices, and so on are all
or experiences, such as figuring out how many designed for the local climate. For example, in
crackers to take at snack time or sorting shells into England all the houses have central heating, as the
piles. outside temperature is usually below 20˚C, but no
air-conditioning, as temperatures rarely go beyond
① difficulties of children in learning how to count 26˚C, while in Australia the opposite is true:
② how children build mathematical understanding most houses have air-conditioning but rarely
③ why fingers are used in counting objects central heating.
④ importance of early childhood education
⑤ advantages of singing number songs ① new technologies dealing with climate change
② difficulties in predicting the weather correctly
③ weather patterns influenced by rising temperatures
④ knowledge of the climate widely affecting our
lives
⑤ traditional wisdom helping our survival in harsh
climates

operate 운영되다, 돌아가다

future 미래의
explore 탐구하다, 조사하다 monsoon 몬순(특히 인도양에서 여름은 남서, 겨울은
construct 구성하다 북동에서 부는 계절풍)
compare 비교하다 crop 작물
calculate 계산하다
harvest 수확
fit 알맞다, 적합하다
predict 예측하다
notion 개념
influence 영향을 미치다
quantity 양
railway 철도
investigate 연구하다, 조사하다
central heating 중앙난방
mathematical 수학적인, 수학의
temperature 기온
concept 개념
air-conditioning 냉방(기)
sort 분류하다
opposite 정반대
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 6 영어 영역
2021년 11월 23번 2021년 9월 23번
11. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? 12. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
We used to think that the brain never changed, Vegetarian eating is moving into the mainstream as
but according to the neuroscientist Richard more and more young adults say no to meat,
Davidson, we now know that this is not true — poultry, and fish. According to the American
specific brain circuits grow stronger through regular Dietetic Association, “approximately planned
practice. He explains, “Well-being is fundamentally vegetarian diets are healthful, are nutritionally
no different than learning to play the cello. If one adequate, and provide health benefits in the
practices the skills of well-being, one will get prevention and treatment of certain diseases.” But
better at it.” What this means is that you can health concerns are not the only reason that young
actually train your brain to become more grateful, adults give for changing their diets. Some make the
relaxed, or confident, by repeating experiences that choice out of concern for animal rights. When
evoke gratitude, relaxation, or confidence. Your faced with the statistics that show the majority of
brain is shaped by the thoughts you repeat. The animals raised as food live in confinement, many
more neurons fire as they are activated by repeated teens give up meat to protest those conditions.
thoughts and activities, the faster they develop into Others turn to vegetarianism to support the
neural pathways, which cause lasting changes in environment. Meat production uses vast amounts of
the brain. Or in the words of Donald Hebb, water, land, grain, and energy and creates problems
“Neurons that fire together wire together.” This is with animal waste and resulting pollution.
such an encouraging premise: bottom line — we *poultry 가금류(닭·오리·거위 등)
can intentionally create the habits for the brain to
be happier. ① reasons why young people go for vegetarian diets
*evoke (감정을) 불러일으키다 **premise 전제 ② ways to build healthy eating habits for teenagers
③ vegetables that help lower your risk of cancer
① possibility of forming brain habits for well-being ④ importance of maintaining a balanced diet
② role of brain circuits in improving body ⑤ disadvantages of plant-based diets
movements
③ importance of practice in playing musical
instruments
④ effect of taking a break on enhancing memory
capacity
⑤ difficulty of discovering how neurons in the brain
work

vegetarian eating 채식
neuroscientist 신경 과학자 mainstream 주류
brain circuit 뇌 회로 approximately 대략
regular 규칙적인 nutritionally 영양학적으로
fundamentally 기본적으로 adequate 적당한, 충분한
gratitude 감사 prevention 예방
relaxation 휴식 concern 관심, 염려
confidence 자신(감), 확신 statistics 통계, 통계학
activate 활성화시키다, 작동시키다 raise 기르다
pathway (인식·전달) 경로 confinement 갇힘, 가둠
intentionally 의도적으로 protest 항의하다
waste 배설물, 쓰레기

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 2025학년도 전국연합학력평가 기출문제 1
제 3 교시 1학년 영어 영역(7강)
성명 수험 번호

2024년 9월 24번 2024년 3월 24번

1. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? 2. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Whales are highly efficient at carbon storage. Working around the whole painting, rather than
When they die, each whale sequesters an average concentrating on one area at a time, will mean
of 30 tons of carbon dioxide, taking that carbon you can stop at any point and the painting can be
out of the atmosphere for centuries. For considered “finished.” Artists often find it difficult
comparison, the average tree absorbs only 48 to know when to stop painting, and it can be
pounds of CO2 a year. From a climate perspective, tempting to keep on adding more to your work. It
each whale is the marine equivalent of thousands is important to take a few steps back from the
of trees. Whales also help sequester carbon by painting from time to time to assess your progress.
fertilizing the ocean as they release nutrient-rich Putting too much into a painting can spoil its
waste, in turn increasing phytoplankton impact and leave it looking overworked. If you
populations, which also sequester carbon — leading find yourself struggling to decide whether you have
some scientists to call them the “engineers of finished, take a break and come back to it later
marine ecosystems.” In 2019, economists from the with fresh eyes. Then you can decide whether any
International Monetary Fund (IMF) estimated the areas of your painting would benefit from further
value of the ecosystem services provided by each refinement.
whale at over ＄2 million USD. They called for a *tempting 유혹하는 **refinement 정교하게 꾸밈
new global program of economic incentives to
return whale populations to preindustrial whaling ① Drawing Inspiration from Diverse Artists
levels as one example of a “nature-based solution” ② Don’t Spoil Your Painting by Leaving It
to climate change. Calls are now being made for a Incomplete
global whale restoration program, to slow down ③ Art Interpretation: Discover Meanings in a
climate change. Painting
*sequester 격리하다 **phytoplankton 식물성 플랑크톤 ④ Do Not Put Down Your Brush: The More, the
Better
① Saving Whales Saves the Earth and Us ⑤ Avoid Overwork and Find the Right Moment to
② What Makes Whales Go Extinct in the Ocean Finish
③ Why Is Overpopulation of Whales Dangerous? efficient 효율적인
storage 저장
④ Black Money: Lies about the Whaling Industry
carbon dioxide 이산화 탄소
⑤ Climate Change and Its Effect on Whale Habitats take ~ out of ... …으로부터 ~을 빼내다[공제하다]
atmosphere 대기
comparison 비교
absorb 흡수하다
climate 기후
perspective 관점 concentrate on ~에 집중하다
marine 바다에 사는, 해양의 add 추가하다, 더하다
equivalent 상응하는 것, 등가물 step back from ~에서 한 걸음 물러나다
fertilize 비옥하게 하다 assess 평가하다
release 내보내다, 방출하다 spoil 망치다, 버려 놓다
waste 배설물 impact 영향(력)
ecosystem 생태계 overwork 과하게 작업하다
estimate 추정하다, 추산하다 benefit 득을 보다
2024학년도 자사고 15기 파이팅!! 1 3
call for ~을 필요로 하다 ✚실제 시험범위와 다를 수 있습니다.
preindustrial 산업화 이전의 꼼꼼하게 점검하고 복습하세요. ^_^
solution 해결책
restoration 복원, 복구
slow down 늦추다
2 영어 영역
2023년 11월 24번 2023년 9월 24번
3. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? 4. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Kids tire of their toys, college students get sick of We think we are shaping our buildings. But really,
cafeteria food, and sooner or later most of us lose our buildings and development are also shaping us.
interest in our favorite TV shows. The bottom line One of the best examples of this is the
is that we humans are easily bored. But why oldest-known construction: the ornately carved
should this be true? The answer lies buried deep in rings of standing stones at Göbekli Tepe in Turkey.
our nerve cells, which are designed to reduce their Before these ancestors got the idea to erect
initial excited response to stimuli each time they standing stones some 12,000 years ago, they were
occur. At the same time, these neurons enhance hunter-gatherers. It appears that the erection of the
their responses to things that change — especially multiple rings of megalithic stones took so long,
things that change quickly. We probably evolved and so many successive generations, that these
this way because our ancestors got more survival innovators were forced to settle down to complete
value, for example, from attending to what was the construction works. In the process, they became
moving in a tree (such as a puma) than to the tree the first farming society on Earth. This is an early
itself. Boredom in reaction to an unchanging example of a society constructing something that
environment turns down the level of neural ends up radically remaking the society itself. Things
excitation so that new stimuli (like our ancestor’s are not so different in our own time.
hypothetical puma threat) stand out more. It’s the *ornately 화려하게 **megalithic 거석의
neural equivalent of turning off a front door light
to see the fireflies. ① Buildings Transform How We Live!
② Why Do We Build More Than We Need?
*neural 신경의 **hypothetical 가정(假定)의, 가설상의 ③ Copying Ancient Buildings for Creativity
***equivalent (~와) 같은 것, 대응물 ④ Was Life Better in Hunter-gatherer Times?
⑤ Innovate Your Farm with New Constructions
① The Brain’s Brilliant Trick to Overcome Fear
② Boredom: Neural Mechanism for Detecting
Change
③ Humans’ Endless Desire to Pursue Familiar
Experiences
④ The Destruction of Nature in Exchange for shape 형성하다
construction 건축물, 건설
Human Survival carve 조각하다
standing stone (선사 시대의) 입석, 선돌
⑤ How Humans Changed the Environment to Their
erect 세우다
Advantage tire of ~에 싫증이 나다 hunter-gatherer 수렵 채집인
get sick of ~에 질리다[넌더리나다] erection 세우기
interest 흥미 multiple 여러 개의, 다수의
bottom line 요점, 핵심 successive 잇따른, 연속적인
nerve cell 신경 세포 generation 세대
reduce 약화하다, 줄이다 innovator 혁신가
initial 초기의 settle down 정착하다]
response 반응 process 과정
stimulus 자극 (pl. stimuli) farming society 농업[농경] 사회
occur 일어나다, 발생하다 end up -ing 결국 ~하게 되다
neuron 뉴런(신경 세포) radically 근본적으로
evolve 진화하다 transform 바꾸다, 변형시키다
ancestor 조상, 선조 innovate 혁신하다
survival value 생존가(생체의 특질이
생존·번식에 기여하는 유용성)
boredom 지루함
2024학년도 자사고 15기 파이팅!! environment 환경 2 3 ✚실제 시험범위와 다를 수 있습니다.
turn down ~을 낮추다, ~을 약하게 하다 꼼꼼하게 점검하고 복습하세요. ^_^
excitation 흥분, 자극
threat 위협
stand out 두드러지다
firefly 반딧불이
 영어 영역 3
2023년 6월 24번 2023년 3월 24번
5. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? 6. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Few people will be surprised to hear that poverty Success can lead you off your intended path and
tends to create stress: a 2006 study published in into a comfortable rut. If you are good at
the American journal Psychosomatic Medicine, for something and are well rewarded for doing it, you
example, noted that a lower socioeconomic status may want to keep doing it even if you stop
was associated with higher levels of stress enjoying it. The danger is that one day you look
hormones in the body. However, richer economies around and realize you’re so deep in this
have their own distinct stresses. The key issue is comfortable rut that you can no longer see the sun
time pressure. A 1999 study of 31 countries by or breathe fresh air; the sides of the rut have
American psychologist Robert Levine and Canadian become so slippery that it would take a
psychologist Ara Norenzayan found that wealthier, superhuman effort to climb out; and, effectively,
more industrialized nations had a faster pace of life you’re stuck. And it’s a situation that many
— which led to a higher standard of living, but at working people worry they’re in now. The poor
the same time left the population feeling a constant employment market has left them feeling locked in
sense of urgency, as well as being more prone to what may be a secure, or even well-paying—but
heart disease. In effect, fast-paced productivity ultimately unsatisfying—job.
creates wealth, but it also leads people to feel *rut 틀에 박힌 생활
time-poor when they lack the time to relax and
enjoy themselves. ① Don’t Compete with Yourself
*prone 걸리기 쉬운 ② A Trap of a Successful Career
③ Create More Jobs for Young People
① Why Are Even Wealthy Countries Not Free from ④ What Difficult Jobs Have in Common
Stress? ⑤ A Road Map for an Influential Employer
② In Search of the Path to Escaping the Poverty
Trap
③ Time Management: Everything You Need to
Know
④ How Does Stress Affect Human Bodies?
⑤ Sound Mind Wins the Game of Life!

poverty 가난 success 성공
tend to do ~하는 경향이 있다 lead 이끌다
note 언급하다 intend 의도하다
socioeconomic status 사회 경제적 지위 path 길
be associated with ~과 관련이 있다, ~과 관련되다 comfortable 편안한
hormone 호르몬 be good at ~을 잘하다
distinct 뚜렷한 reward 보상을 주다; 보상
time pressure 시간 압박 realize 깨닫다
psychologist 심리학자 deep 깊은
industrialized 산업화된 breathe 호흡하다, 숨 쉬다
pace 속도 slippery 미끄러운
standard of living 생활 수준 superhuman 초인적인
at the same time 동시에 effort 노력
constant 지속적인, 부단한 effectively 사실상, 실제로
urgency 촉박함, 긴급 situation 상황
heart disease 심장병 employment 고용
in effect 사실상 secure 안정적인
productivity 생산성 ultimately 궁극적으로
lack ~이 없다[부족하다] unsatisfying 만족스럽지 못한

2024학년도 자사고 15기 파이팅!! 3 3 ✚실제 시험범위와 다를 수 있습니다.

꼼꼼하게 점검하고 복습하세요. ^_^