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K8s_architecture

The document provides a comprehensive overview of Kubernetes architecture, including master and worker node components, various Kubernetes objects and workloads, networking, storage, security, cluster maintenance, monitoring, and troubleshooting. It also includes key kubectl commands and syntax for managing resources, along with tips for effective usage and exam preparation. The information is essential for understanding and working with Kubernetes effectively.

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stevic
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K8s_architecture

The document provides a comprehensive overview of Kubernetes architecture, including master and worker node components, various Kubernetes objects and workloads, networking, storage, security, cluster maintenance, monitoring, and troubleshooting. It also includes key kubectl commands and syntax for managing resources, along with tips for effective usage and exam preparation. The information is essential for understanding and working with Kubernetes effectively.

Uploaded by

stevic
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Understanding Kubernetes Cluster Architecture


— Master node components: API server, etcd, scheduler, controller manager.
— Worker node components: kubelet, kube-proxy, container runtime.

2. Kubernetes Objects and Workloads


— Pods, Deployments, StatefulSets, DaemonSets, Jobs, CronJobs.
— Understand how to create, update, and maintain these workloads.

3. Networking in Kubernetes
— Pod networking concepts, CNI.
— Services and their types (ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer, ExternalName).
— Ingress controllers and Ingress resources.
4. Storage in Kubernetes
— Understand Persistent Volumes (PV), Persistent Volume Claims (PVC),
StorageClasses.
— ConfigMaps, Secrets for configuration and sensitive data.

5. Security in Kubernetes
— RBAC (Role-Based Access Control) — Roles, ClusterRoles, RoleBindings,
ClusterRoleBindings.
— Network Policies.
— Pod Security Policies.

6. Cluster Maintenance
— Cluster upgrade process.
— Backup and restore methodologies for Kubernetes and etcd.

7. Monitoring and Logging


— Basics of cluster-level logging and monitoring.
— Familiarize with tools like Prometheus and Grafana, ELK stack.

8. Troubleshooting
— Troubleshoot application failure.
— Troubleshoot control plane failure.
— Troubleshoot worker node failure.
— Troubleshoot networking.

Key kubectl Commands:

•`kubectl get pods/deployments/services -n namespace` — List


resources in a namespace.
- `kubectl describe pod/deployment — Get detailed info about a
resource.
- `kubectl create -f config.yaml` — Create resource from a YAML file.
- `kubectl apply -f config.yaml` — Apply changes from a YAML file.
- `kubectl delete pod/deployment — Delete a resource.
- `kubectl exec -it — Execute an interactive bash shell in the pod.
- `kubectl logs — Get logs from a pod.
- `kubectl port-forward pod/ 8080:80` — Port forward a local port to a
pod.
- `kubectl drain — Prepare a node for maintenance.
- `kubectl cordon/uncordon — Mark node as unschedulable/schedulable.
- `kubectl top node/pod` — Display resource (CPU/Memory) usage.
Kubernetes Commands and Syntax for CKA Exam
General Management

•kubectl get [resource]: List resources. For example, kubectl get pods.

•kubectl describe [resource] [name]: Show detailed information about a resource. For
example, kubectl describe pod my-pod.

Creating and Managing Resources

•kubectl create -f [file.yaml]: Create a resource from a YAML file.


•kubectl apply -f [file.yaml]: Apply a configuration to a resource from a YAML file.
•kubectl delete [resource] [name]: Delete a resource. For example, kubectl delete pod my-

pod.

•kubectl edit [resource] [name]: Edit the configuration of a resource.


Namespaces

•kubectl get namespaces: List all namespaces.


•kubectl create namespace [name]: Create a new namespace.
Pods

•kubectl run [name] --image=[image]: Run a pod with a specific image.


•kubectl exec -it [pod-name] -- [command]: Execute a command in a running pod.
Deployments and Replicas

•kubectl scale deployment [deployment-name] --replicas=[number]: Scale a deployment to


the specified number of replicas.
•kubectl rollout status deployment/[deployment-name]: Get the rollout status of a
deployment.
•kubectl rollout undo deployment/[deployment-name]: Rollback to the previous
deployment.
Services

•kubectl expose deployment [deployment-name] --type=[type] --port=[port]: Expose a


deployment as a new Kubernetes service.
Logs and Debugging

•kubectl logs [pod-name]: Fetch the logs of a pod.


•kubectl logs -f [pod-name]: Stream the logs of a pod.
Node Management

•kubectl get nodes: List all nodes in the cluster.


•kubectl cordon [node-name]: Mark node as unschedulable.
•kubectl drain [node-name]: Drain node in preparation for maintenance.
Resource Inspection

•kubectl top pod: Display metrics for pods.


•kubectl top node: Display metrics for nodes.
Configuration

•kubectl config view: View Kubernetes configuration.


•kubectl config use-context [context-name]: Switch to a different cluster context.
kubectl Cheat Sheet

•Kubernetes has an official kubectl cheat sheet which is an invaluable


resource: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/cheatsheet/

Tips for Using kubectl Commands


•Understand Contexts: Know how to switch contexts if you’re working with
multiple clusters.
•Use YAML Files for Complex Configurations: While imperative commands are
useful, declarative configurations using YAML are more consistent and
repeatable.
•Explore kubectl Autocomplete: It can significantly speed up command entry.
•Remember Selectors: They are powerful for filtering results, especially
with get commands.
Exam Tips
- Read and understand the exam curriculum thoroughly.
- Practice with hands-on labs and real-world scenarios.
- Time management is crucial during the exam.
- Familiarize yourself with the Kubernetes documentation, which is
accessible during the exam.

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