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Calculus - Cheat - Sheet - All 1

This cheat sheet provides definitions and properties related to limits in calculus, including precise and working definitions, one-sided limits, and the relationship between them. It also outlines key properties of limits involving constants and functions, as well as basic limit evaluations at positive and negative infinity. The document serves as a quick reference for understanding and applying limit concepts in calculus.

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14 views1 page

Calculus - Cheat - Sheet - All 1

This cheat sheet provides definitions and properties related to limits in calculus, including precise and working definitions, one-sided limits, and the relationship between them. It also outlines key properties of limits involving constants and functions, as well as basic limit evaluations at positive and negative infinity. The document serves as a quick reference for understanding and applying limit concepts in calculus.

Uploaded by

Soderberg
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Calculus Cheat Sheet

Limits
Definitions
Precise Definition : We say lim f (x) = L if for Limit at Infinity : We say lim f (x) = L if we can
x→a x→∞
every ε > 0 there is a δ > 0 such that whenever make f (x) as close to L as we want by taking x
0 < |x − a| < δ then |f (x) − L| < ε. large enough and positive.

“Working” Definition : We say lim f (x) = L if There is a similar definition for lim f (x) = L
x→a x→− ∞
we can make f (x) as close to L as we want by except we require x large and negative.
taking x sufficiently close to a (on either side of a)
without letting x = a. Infinite Limit : We say lim f (x) = ∞ if we can
x→a
make f (x) arbitrarily large (and positive) by taking x
Right hand limit : lim f (x) = L. This has the sufficiently close to a (on either side of a) without
x→a+
same definition as the limit except it requires x > a. letting x = a.

Left hand limit : lim f (x) = L. This has the same There is a similar definition for lim f (x) = −∞
−
x→a x→a
definition as the limit except it requires x < a. except we make f (x) arbitrarily large and negative.

Relationship between the limit and one-sided limits


lim f (x) = L ⇒ lim f (x) = lim− f (x) = L lim f (x) = lim− f (x) = L ⇒ lim f (x) = L
x→a x→a+ x→a x→a+ x→a x→a

lim f (x) 6= lim− f (x) ⇒ lim f (x)Does Not Exist


x→a+ x→a x→a

Properties
Assume lim f (x) and lim g(x) both exist and c is any number then,
x→a x→a

f (x)
 lim f (x)
1. lim [cf (x)] = c lim f (x) 4. lim = x→a provided lim g(x) 6= 0
x→a x→a x→a g(x) lim g(x) x→a
x→a
h in
n
2. lim [f (x) ± g(x)] = lim f (x) ± lim g(x) 5. lim [f (x)] = lim f (x)
x→a x→a x→a x→a x→a
hp i q
3. lim [f (x)g(x)] = lim f (x) lim g(x) 6. lim n f (x) = n lim f (x)
x→a x→a x→a x→a x→a

Basic Limit Evaluations at ±∞


1. lim ex = ∞ & lim ex = 0 5. n even : lim xn = ∞
x→∞ x→− ∞ x→± ∞

2. lim ln(x) = ∞ & lim ln(x) = −∞ 6. n odd : lim xn = ∞ & lim xn = −∞


x→∞ x→ ∞ x→− ∞
x→0+

b 7. n even : lim a xn + · · · + b x + c = sgn(a)∞


x→± ∞
3. If r > 0 then lim =0
x→∞ xr
8. n odd : lim a xn + · · · + b x + c = sgn(a)∞
r x→∞
4. If r > 0 and x is real for negative x
b 9. n odd : lim a xn + · · · + c x + d = − sgn(a)∞
then lim =0 x→−∞
x→− ∞ xr
Note : sgn(a) = 1 if a > 0 and sgn(a) = −1 if a < 0.

© Paul Dawkins - https://tutorial.math.lamar.edu

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