third term basic 7

SOCIAL STUDIES
SCHEME OF WORK

WEEK TOPIC
1. Revision of Last Term’s Work.
2. Common Social problems in Nigeria: (a) Contemporary Social problems in Nigeria (e.g.
Examination malpractice, cultism, HIV/AIDS, etc.).
3. Common Social problems in Nigeria: (b) Causes of Contemporary Social problems in
Nigeria (e.g. poverty, corruption, greed, etc).
4. Ways of Solving the Common Social problems in Nigeria: (a) Effects of Social Problems.
5. Ways of Solving the Common Social problems in Nigeria: (b) Ways of Solving
Contemporary Social Problems.
6. Our Roles in Promoting Safety in our Community: Need for safety. (b) Safety measures
in the Home, School and Workplaces.
7. MID-TERM BREAK
8. Our Roles in Promoting Safety in our Community: (c) Safety Guidelines for pedestrians,
Cyclists, Motorists, etc.
9. Our Roles in Promoting Safety in our Community: (c) Safety Guidelines for pedestrians,
Cyclists, Motorists, etc.
10. Revision

11-13. Examination.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
i. Federal ministry of Education: 9 Year Basic Education Curriculum - Religion and National
Values (JSS 1 – 3) Nigerian Educational Research and Development Council (NERDC)
ii. M. O. Adegoke andAdelowo M. Adeleke (2014): Apex Religion and National
Value for Nigerian Junior Secondary Schools (1). Aquifer Publishers, Osogbo.
iii. Henry Aikpitanyi, et al (2014): Religion and National Values for Junior Secondary
Schools (1). Rasmed Publications Limited, Ibadan.
iv. M.O.C. Anikpo, et al (2010): Basic Social Studies for Junior Secondary Schools (1).
UBE Edition. Longman Publishers.
v. Nigerian Educational Research and Development Council (2010): Religion and
National Values: Nigerian Secondary Schools Social Studies project (1).HEBN
Publishers Plc.
vi. Abdullahi Ahmed, et al (2001): Social Studies for Junior Secondary Schools (1).
Evans Brothers Ltd.
vii. A. OlusolaOyewole (2009): New Syllabus on Social Studies for Junior Secondary
Schools. Basic Seven. Solakat Unique Press and Bookshop.
iix. B.K. Ademosu, et al (2016): ): Religion and National Values for Junior Secondary
Schools Book 1 – Curriculum Compliant ( NERDC). PRONGBADS
ix. DayoOlagunju, et al (2014) Religion and National Values (Current Social Studies

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 for Nigerian Junior Secondary Schools) Book 1 Pathfinder Global Educational
Publishers Limited)

WEEK 1

DATE:..................

TOPIC: Revision Of Second Term’s Work.

PRE-READING ASSIGNMENT: Read about contemporary social problems in Nigeria.

CONTENT: Revision of Last Term’s Work.

WEEK 2

DATE:..................

TOPIC: COMMON SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN NIGERIA.

CONTENT: Contemporary Social problems in Nigeria (e.g. Examination malpractice, cultism,

HIV/AIDS, etc.).

Meaning of Contemporary Social Problems:

Contemporary issues and social problems are happenings or challenges that are currently
affecting many people in the society. Social problems could be described as those social
vices that came about as a result of urbanization, development of cities, increase in human
population, interaction among people of different social background, different ethnic
groups, contact with foreign cultures, use of electronic media, ICT, TV, internet services,
prohibited literature etc.

Among these social issues that have become problems are:

- Examination malpractice
- Cultism
- Terrorism
- HIV/AIDS
- Human Trafficking
- Prostitution
- Drug abuse
- Ritual killing
- Area boys syndrome
- Militancy
- Political killings

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 - Rigging of Elections
- Advance fees fraud (419)

Examination Malpractice:
Examination malpractice is the term used to describe the various foul means employed by
students and their helpers to pass examinations and get unmerited grades and results.
Students engage in examination malpractice at every level of education but it is more
pronounced at the secondary and tertiary institutions of learning. It is a social vice that
reached a high proportion in Nigeria. In recent years, government at the Federal level was
forced to enact Decree 18 of 1984 in order to curtail the practice.

Causes of Examination Malpractice:

1. The crave to earn good grades in order to secure white collar jobs or gain admission
to higher institutions.
2. Laziness – Those who are too lazy to study will not have the required knowledge and
so want to cheat during examinations.
3. Truancy – Some students absent themselves from classes only to come to
examination halls with intention to cheat.
4. Lack of self-confidence – Due to lack adequate preparation, most students lose
confidence in their ability to pass and so resort to cheating.
5. Lack of enough Provision for higher education – There is always the lack of enough
space for all to gain admission into higher institutions of learning in the country. This
constitute a serious factor for cheating in order to score high cut-off marks.
6. Preference for Some Courses of study over others – Parents feel proud if their
children are admitted for courses like Medicine, Law, Architecture, Petroleum
Engineering etc irrespective of whether their children possess the ability and interest
for such courses. In order to be ranked among the successful in the society, they
encourage their children in cheating to pass requisite subjects at high grades.
7. The desire to live big – Many students prefer pleasure to hard-work, yet they want
to live big in the society. Hence they resort to cheating in examinations to secure
certificates that will guarantee their success in getting high paid jobs.
8. Overpopulation in many schools: Since the few who do very well may be promoted
or admitted into higher institutions. Students therefore cheat in order to excel in the
exams and over their mates.
9. Corrupt invigilators and Supervisor: The students know that if they offer bribes to
invigilators, they will be allowed to cheat in the examination hall. Worse still, the
proposal to offer bribe for cheating will in some cases originate from the supervisors
or invigilators.
10. Many students are desperate: Many students think that passing the examination
is a “do or die” affair. They want to excel by all means. Some wants promises

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 from parents fulfilled, others want to be on TV or newspaper as the best in one
form of the examination or the other (though cheats hardly excel).

EFFECTS OF EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE

1. Loss of confidence in public examinations – Certificates issued by examining bodies
and tertiary institutions no longer command public respect. Many school leavers
including university graduates cannot defend their certificates during job placement
interviews.
2. Inefficiency in places of work - Many school leavers including graduates from higher
institutions lack the proficiency expected of holders of the certificates they carry.
3. Fall in the Standard of Education - Due to examination malpractice, the standard of
education in Nigeria is seen to have fallen. Certificates are now being forged or given
to those who can pay illicit prices for them even at the university level.
4. Promotion of other vices in the Society - The gross failure in the educational system
has introduced so many other social vices in the society.
5. Disgraceful Rustication from Higher Institutions – Many students who succeeded in
gaining admission to higher institutions through examination malpractice have been
shown the way out when discovered or when they could not cope with the demands
of the courses they were admitted to read.
6. Discouragement of Good Candidates from Studying: Good candidates are tempted
to believe that “if you cannot beat them, join them” especially as they see other
candidates get away with their corrupt behaviour.
7. Denial of Innocent Candidates Opportunity for Admission: Many good students
have been denied admission by corrupt ones who through examination malpractices
have better scores and grades.
8. It Delays the Processing of Examination Scores and Grades: Every year, many
students caught for engaging in examination malpractices will need to be
investigated before results are released.Thoughresultsare withheld pending the
determination of the cases, some are decided before results are released. This
extends the processing time.

SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM OF EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE

1. Enforcement of Decree 18 of 1984 on offenders to serve as deterrent to others
2. Provision of adequate learning facilities in schools to ensure good learning
3. Provision of enough space in schools to accommodate the increase in population of
school age children.
4. School heads at the secondary school level should sit up to stamp out malpractices in
their schools
5. Lecturers who collect gratification from students to award unmerited grades should

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 divorce themselves from such evil practices in our tertiary institutions. Those caught
doing this evil should be summarily dismissed.
6. Examination Supervisors and Teachers who aid and abet students to cheat during
public examinations should be made to face the law if caught in the act.
7. Students should study and prepare well before going to sit for any examination.

Sub-Topic 2: CULTISM

Meaning of Cultism:

A cult is a secret society which is not open to everybody. Cultism therefore is an act of
belonging to a secret cult in an educational institution. Members of a secret cult have
particular spiritual beliefs usually regarded by others as misguided. They come together for
certain purposes that might not be approved by other people. Members use dangerous
weapons to kill and maim rival groups or innocent students in order to assert their influence
and get undue advantages such as good grades, girlfriends, etc. in the campus.

CAUSES OF CULTISM

1. Protection: In the olden days, the real cause of cultism is protection against bad
school administration or protection of interests in government jobs. Members come
together in secret to discuss how to protect themselves.
2. Inadequate Parental Care: Parents no longer care about the friends their children
and wards keep. Many do not care about funding their children’s education. The
result is that, the child joins groups that would make them ‘comfortable’ at school
and in the larger society. Cultists attract such people when they get to schools.
3. Disobedience to wise counsels given by parents to their wards as they get admitted
to higher institutions.
4. Inordinate ambition to be recognized as a tough guy in campus

EFFECTS OF CULTISM IN SCHOOLS

1. Threat to peace and security in campuses and the larger society when intra-cult
clashes occur.
2. Cultists cause death and cause unhappiness to the families affected by their
activities.
3. They make those who work diligently not to reap the result of their hard work.
4. Maintenance of discipline among students in schools becomes difficult as cult
members specialize in taking laws into their hands.
5. Infringement on the right of others.
6. Fall in academic standard in campuses as lecturers are sometimes intimidated to
award unmerited grades by threats.

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 7. Dismissal from school when the law catches up with cult members.
8. They give bad names to institutions and the society at large.
9. When caught, they give bad names to their families.

SOLUTION TO CULT ACTIVITIES ON CAMPUSES

1. Parents should impress it upon their children the dangers of cultism rather than
supporting them.
2. Parents should show adequate care to their children. They should pay their
children’s school fees regularly.
3. Campaign against cultism should be embarked upon on school campuses. Mass
media should also be involved in the campaign against cultism.
4. Possible stern penalties should be given to students on admission and they should be
made to sign undertakings.
5. Lecturers should be fair to all students and be transparent in their dealings with
students.
6. School authorities should be vigilant in stamping out cultism from schools and
campuses and be decisive in dealing with identified cases. Adequate security
measures should be put in place to check the activities of cultists on the campuses.
7. Religious leaders should rise to the challenge of condemning this evil and not mince
words when teaching and preaching against cultism.

Sub-Topic 3: HIV/AIDS
Meaning of HIV/AIDS

HIV simply means Human Immunodeficiency Virus. It destroys the immune system of man.
AIDS means Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. This implies that the virus is not inborn
but acquired from a carrier. The virus weakens the immune system and lead to series of
diseases that can kill the carrier.

Causes of HIV/AIDS:

1. Unprotected sexual intercourse with a carrier.

2. Sharing of objects like needles, injection syringes, barbing clippers, razor
blades, pins, toothbrushes etc. that are not sterilized with a carrier.
3. Infected mother can transfer it to her unborn baby.
4. Infected blood transfusion.

Effects of HIV/AIDS:

1. HIV/AIDS always result in series of illnesses.

2. It can eventually lead to death as it is incurable.
3. A lot of money is being used in search of the cure and management of

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 HIV/AIDS.
4. A carrier can lose his job.
5. It can lead to divorce.
6. The carriers often suffer discrimination.
7. It creates emotional problems such as anxiety, fear and sadness for the
carrier and his loved ones.

Prevention of HIV/AIDS:

Since HIV/AIDS has no cure, it has to be prevented. The following measures can be taken to
prevent the incidence of HIV/AIDS:

1. People who are single should abstain from sexual intercourse while married
ones should be faithful to their spouse.
2. Those who cannot abstain from indiscriminate sexual intercourse should use
condom.
3. Those who use sharp objects such as doctors, barbers, and hairdresser should
sterilize the instruments.
4. Blood should be properly screened and made sure they are HIV/AIDS free
before transfusion.

EVALUATION

1. Mention six of the social problems in Nigeria today.

2. Mention two causes of examination malpractice
GENERAL EVALUATION

1. What is cultism?
2. Mention two causes of cultism.
3. Suggest two ways by which cultism could be eradicated.
4. What is the full meaning of (i) HIV? (ii)AIDS?
5. How can a person contact HIV/AIDS?
6. State three effects of HIV/AIDS.
7. Mention two ways of preventing HIV/AIDS.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT: (Objective Test)

1. The following are social problems except……..
(a) Cultism (b) Reading (c) Prostitution (d) kidnapping
2. Internet fraud is related to…..
(a) Lack of parental love and care (b) Drug abuse (c) Ritual killing
(d) Influence of mass media.
3. Corruption is common in Nigeria among….
(a) Government officials (b) Politicians (c) Civil Servants (d) All of the above.
4. Some students join cult groups for the following reasons except…..

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 (a) Peer Group (b) Security (c) Dancing (d) Campus politics
5. HIV/AIDS cannot be contacted through one of the following means. Which? (a)
Shaking hands with a victim (b) Sharing of toothbrush (c) Unprotected sex (d) Blood
transfusion

6. The most challenging and threatening social problems in Nigeria today are (a) official
corruption and alcoholism (b) armed robbery and thuggery (c) drug abuse, yahoo-yahoo and
smuggling (d) corruption and armed robbery

READINGASSIGNMENT:Read about cause of contemporary social problems in Nigeria.

WEEK 3
DATE:…………………………………
TOPIC: COMMON SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN NIGERIA

Content: i. Causes of contemporary social problems in Nigeria: Poverty and Corruption.

Sub-Topic 1: CAUSES OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN NIGERIA.

Some causes of social problems are:

1. Poverty in the midst of plenty in the society or community.

2. Corruption among leaders.
3. Negative Peer Group Influence
4. Influence of the Mass Media
5. Unchecked access to the internet.
6. Divorce and broken homes
7. Cheating within the group.
8. Sexual immorality in the society.
9. Cultism among the youths and elders.
10. Parents encouraging their wards’ involvement in examination malpractice.
11. Greed for wealth at all costs without legitimate labour for it.
12. Lack of love and parental care in the family.
13. Unfaithful religious leaders.
14. Indiscipline
15. Disobedience to the laws of the land.
16. Ignorance
17. Injustice
18. Proliferation of Arms and Ammunitions.

Poverty – Poverty means the inability to provide the basic needs of life for oneself, family
and dependants. This basic needs primarily are food, clothing and shelter. In addition,

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inability to provide quality education to enable proper and complete socialization of one’s
children to make them live decent lives and be fulfilled are some of the causes of social
problems in the society. This is so because children brought up improperly develop to
become social deviants who are lured into all kinds of crimes and illegitimate means of
making money in order to keep body and soul together. Poverty sometimes leads to broken
homes and disjointed up-bringing of children. Although Nigeria is blessed with many natural
resources that should make Nigerian rich, the wealth is hijacked by the few leaders and
make many Nigerians to live in poverty. About 70% of the population live below the bread
line; meaning that majority of Nigerians are poor in the midst of plenty. No wonder Nigeria
is classified by the United Nations recently as 40th among the world’s poorest countries.

Corruption - Corruption cover a wide area of social misbehaviour, illegalities, breach of

trust, and abuse of position or office. Nigeria is a country where the leaders enrich
themselves through corrupt practices. Corruption is an illegitimate way of doing things for
personal aggrandizement. Doing a wrong thing for undue advantage or gain. It includes all
forms of evil practices that is done by government officials, politicians and those in places of
authority, demanding and taking of bribery, fraudulent practices, misappropriation and
embezzlement of public or corporate funds, diversion and perversion of justice, money
laundering i.e. stealing public funds and banking them abroad in foreign banks, inflation of
contracts amounts, receiving 10% of contract amount from contractors, granting undue
favour to one’s tribesmen and friends instead of giving jobs or positions to those who
merited them in places of employment, dishonesty, tribalism or ethnicity, nepotism, etc.
Corruption is the product of greediness for more money and selfishness.

Lack of Family Love and Parental Care – Parents are expected to provide for the needs of
their families where children are groomed for life. The family is the first social group to
which a child belong. Love and harmony characterizes good family homes where parents are
expected to live decent lives for their children to take after them. Some parents do not have
the time to look after the affairs of their growing children because of the pursuit of money.
Today, there are many parents who cannot afford to provide the basic necessities of life.
This could be because of lack of a good means of livelihood, unemployment, oversized
families where children and dependants are too many etc. Children from such homes
become delinquent and might grow up to nuisances and miscreants in the society. Children
left to themselves because parents have no time for them often degenerate into sexual
immorality, prostitution and other forms of social crimes.
Peer Group Influence – Many people follow their age-mates, friends and class-mates to do
wrong things thinking that they are smart. They turn out to be social misfits. The influence
of age group is often very powerful and the chance of being influenced positively or
negatively is high especially at adolescent stage (secondary school stage of life). When peer
group or age group influence is negative, the affected individuals become what they are
influenced to be, drug addicts, smokers, drunkard, thief and armed robbers, Cyber café
crooks (yahoo-yahoo boys or internet swindlers, area boys, cultism, etc.

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Influence of Mass Media- We live in satellite or internet age where information travel
round the globe in a matter of seconds. Adolescents and young men and women who are
the children of this age are easily influenced by new trends and could be tempted to put
into practice odd behaviours and tricks they read about in newspapers, magazines, books or
have watched on TV, videos and from the internet. Some of these information are
negatively inclined and they make young people who are not well guided to become
miscreants, cyber fraudsters and mischief makers in society.
The proliferation of arms and ammunition - Unlike the past, since after the Nigeria-Biafra
civil war, much arms and ammunition has become proliferated in Nigeria. Much arms and
ammunition has been illegally imported or smuggled into the country. The politicians
aggravated the situation by recruiting jobless youths and arming them with weapons
purchased with stolen public funds, as political tugs to undo their opponents through
election rigging, ballot box snatching and stuffing, political assassination etc. The fact that
much arms find their way into the hands of social misfits and miscreants, crime has
increased tremendously in the society – security has become a serious challenge in the
country today. Rampant cases of suicide bombing, kidnapping, hostage taking, militancy,
armed robbery, ritual killing and politically motivated assassinations make the society in-
secured; life is no longer safe in the land.

EVALUATION
1. Name at least 4 causes of contemporary social problems.
2. What is corruption?
3. What makes poverty a social problem?

GENERAL EVALUATION
Essay Questions:
1. What is age group?
2. State two positive ways by which you can be influenced by your friend.
3. Mention two types of negative information from the mass media.
4. Mention five social problems caused by the proliferation of arms and
ammunition in Nigeria.
5. Explain the following: (i) kidnapping (ii) hostage taking (iii) suicide bombing
(iv) militancy and (v) political assassination.
6. State 5 causes of social problems in Nigeria today.
7. Mention 4 negative things that you must not allow your friends to influence
you to do.
8. Write a short essay on the topic: “The Evils of Proliferation of Arms and
Ammunitions in Nigeria Today”.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

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Objective Test:
1. The following are social problems except……..(a) Cultism (b) Reading (c) Prostitution (d)
kidnapping.
2. One of the following is a cause of social problems. Which? (a) Poverty (b) Dancing (c)
Education (d) Moral purity.
3. Internet fraud is related to….. (a) Lack of parental love and care (b) Drug abuse (c) Ritual
killing (d) Influence of mass media.
4. Corruption is common in Nigeria among… (a) Government officials (b) Politicians (c) Civil
Servants (d) All of the above.
5. Some students join cult groups for the following reasons except….. (a) Peer Group (b)
Security (c) Dancing (d) Campus politics
6. A cult can best be described as a group of people (a) which is not open to the society (b)
that have sign language (c) that hold their meetings in secrete (d) that fights against the
society
READINGASSIGNMENT:Read: Religion and National Values for Junior Secondary
Schools by Henry Aikpitanyi, etal (2014) (Book1).Rasmed Publications Limited,
Ibadan. Social Studies Section. Topic 8, Units 2, pages 44- 45.
PRE-READING ASSIGNMENT: Read about effects of social problems.

WEEK 4
DATE:…………………………………

TOPIC: WAYS OF SOLVING THE COMMON SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN NIGERIA: (A) EFFECTS OF SOCIAL
PROBLEMS.

CONTENT: i. Social Problems as they Affect the Individual

ii. Social Problems as they Affect the Family
iii. Social Problems as they Affect the Nation.

Sub-Topic 1: Social Problems as they Affect the Individual

The following are some of the social problems affecting individuals in Nigeria.

1. Sexual immorality: Unwholesome evil pressures from the opposite sex that exposes
individuals to varieties of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) such as syphilis,
gonorrhoea, herpes, staphylococcus, HIV/AIDS, and unwanted pregnancies,
dropping out of school and thus truncating one’s education and early unplanned
premature marriage or single parenthood for ladies. etc.
2. Poverty: Poverty caused by unemployment or high cost of living prevents individuals
to meet their basic needs of life. Poverty itself generates malnutrition, sicknesses
and diseases. This sometimes lead to divorce cases and broken homes. Children who
could not complete their education due to poverty of their parents sometimes end

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 up becoming miscreants, area boys, prostitutes etc in the society.
3. Negative peer pressure: Peer pressure on some youths in institutions of higher
learning has made them join secret cults that ruin their careers. Peer group influence
also cause some youths to become drug addicts that may lead them to insanity,
schizophrenic disorders like paranoia, psychosis and untimely death.
4. Crimes: Crimes in the society have led to insecurity of individual lives and properties.

Social Problems as they Affect the Family:

The following are some of the social problems affecting families in Nigeria;

1. Conflict: Contemporary problems in the society such as unemployment have

increased conflicts and squabbles at home. These occur when the father could not
provide for the needs of the family. It may lead to divorce and broken homes
2. Sexual immorality: Sexual immorality such as incest is now taking place in some
families in Nigeria. Incest is a social taboo referring to sexual act between those who
are related by blood. Extra-marital affairs by married men or women result in
bringing diseases to the family; diseases such as STD, HIV/AIDS. Children especially
the females are becoming wayward causing disgrace and heartache to parents.
3. Indiscipline and Disobedience in the Family: Respect to the authority of parents
break down. Wives no longer obey nor respect their husbands. Children’s
disobedience increases, they rebel against their parents. The social fabric that make
the home the basis for social stability in the society breaks down.
4. Child abuse: Because of poverty and the need to make ends meet makes children to
be engaged in street hawking which exposes them to all forms of evil such as
kidnapping, raping, promiscuity, truancy or lateness to and absence from school,
delinquency, etc.
5. High Cost of Living: Many families in Nigeria today contend with high cost of living as
they struggle to provide for their own security, water and light due to the
inefficiency and corruption of public officers.
6. Lack of Trust: The social problems in Nigeria have created lack of trust in the family.
This often results in disunity where each member of the family behaves the way he
or she likes.
7. Divorce: Lack of trust, sexual promiscuity, and poverty have contributed a great deal
to the high rate of divorce in Nigeria. The children often suffer as a result of divorce

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 and often become socially unbalanced.

SOCIAL PROBLEMS AFFECTING NATION

The following are some of the social problems affecting Nigeria as a nation;

1. Political Instability: Contemporary social problems such as electoral fraud and social
injustice have led to political instability in Nigeria. Also military incursion into
governance through coup d’état and counter coup d’etat had led to political
instability and civil war in Nigeria. Political instability is characterized by frequent
change of governments where authoritarian and dictatorial rules prevail.
2. Social Instability: This refers to breakdown of law and order in the society. Under
this condition, there will be insecurity of lives and properties. Social problems such
as crime, injustice, corruption, corruption and inefficiency have led to social
instability.
3. Militancy – Militancy due to perceived socio-economic injustice has led to instability
in the oil producing Niger Delta where youths take up arms against the
establishment. Other social-cultural groups becoming violent in different parts of
Nigeria to demand for one thing or the other. Currently is the Terrorist group “Boko-
Haram” (an Islamic Sect) bombing and destroying lives and property in parts of
Northern Nigeria through suicide missions claiming that Western Education is Sin,
but perceived to be a politically motivated sponsored group. These groups posed
very serious security challenges to the country.
4. Economic depression: Social problems such as corruption, inefficiency, greed, and
selfishness have led to economic depression in Nigeria. Basic facilities and amenities
such as pipe borne water, electricity, and health system are not functioning well.
5. Disunity: Contemporary social issues and problems such as ethnicity have led to
disunity in our country. This has resulted in ethnic and religious violence especially in
the northern part of the country.

EVALUATION

1. List three social problems affecting families in Nigeria.

2. Explain the taboo known as incest.
3. State four social problems affecting Nigeria as a nation.
4. Explain two of the stated social problems.

GENERAL EVALUATION

Essay Questions:

1. In what three ways do social problems affect individuals in Nigeria.

2. How can one avoid STD and HIV/AIDS ?

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 3. Explain the taboo known as incest.
4. State four social problems affecting Nigeria as a nation.
5. Explain two of the stated social problems.
6. State ways by which contemporary social problems affect each of the
following in Nigeria:
i. The Individual
ii. The Family
iii. The Nation

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
Objective Tests:
1. Political instability is a social problem affecting ___(a) individuals (b) families (c)
nations (d) all of the above
2. Conflict is a social problem affecting ___ (a) individuals (b) families (c) nations (d)
none of the above
3. Crime is a social problem carried out by ____(a) individuals (b)families (c) nations (d)
communities

4. Sexual act between those who are related by blood is called ____ (a) a crime (b) an incest
(c) an evil (d) a taboo

5. The breakdown of law and order in the society is referred to as _______ instability
(a) political (b) economic (c) social (d) none of the above.

READING ASSIGNMENT:): Read: New Syllabus on Social Studies for Junior Secondary
Schools by A. OlusolaOyewole (2009). Basic Seven. Solakat Unique Press and Bookshop.
Theme 6, Chapter 11, Unit 11.3, pages 67-68.
PRE-READING ASSIGNMENT: Read about ways of solving contemporary social problems.

WEEK 5
DATE:…………………………

TOPIC: WAYS OF SOLVING THE COMMON SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN NIGERIA.

1. Content: WAYS OF SOLVING CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL PROBLEMS.

Contemporary social problems have the following measures in solving them

1. Rule of law
2. Anti-corruption agencies

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 3. Civil society
4. Government policies
5. Infrastructural development and maintenance
6. Job Creation to reduce unemployment
7. Religious organization
8. Public opinion leader
9. School
10. Personal discipline
11. Security agencies

Sub-Topic 1:Solutions or Measures of Solving Social Problems: The Rule of Law, Anti-
Corruption Agencies, Civil Societies and Government Policies

Rule of law: This means that no one is above the law; that is, before the law all men are
equal. Most of the contemporary social problems can be eradicated if we all obey the laws
of the country. All offenders including corrupt leaders who steal or embezzle public funds
should be punished irrespective of their wealth or position. There should be no ‘sacred
cows’.

Anti-Corruption Agencies – Anti corruption agencies such EFCC and ICPC should be allowed
to operate the way they see fit, and no corrupt leader should be shielded, neither should
any of their officers be exempted from facing the law when they are found culpable. The
Economic and Financial Crime Commission (EFCC) and the Independent Corrupt Practices
and Related Offences Commission (ICPC) all such agencies should be headed by men and
women of proven integrity who will not compromise standards or act corruptly themselves.

Civil Societies: Civil Societies such as Campaign for Democracy (CD), National Association of
Democratic Lawyers(NADL), Committee for Defense of Human Right(CDHR), etc. should
continue their good work of correcting the ills in our country.

Government Policies: Governments exists to see to the good orderliness of society.

Government policies should be based on national interest. Policies should be aimed at
enhancing the welfare of all the people. Government should evolve policies that aim at
correcting the ills of the society.

Sub-Topic 2: Measures of Solving Social Problems: Job Creation, Infrastructural

Development and Religious Organizations

Job Creation - The Governments, both States and Federal, should deliberately create jobs
for school leavers. Government should also create healthy business and investment
environment that will encourage both local and foreign investors, who will in turn create
jobs for school leavers to reduce unemployment among youths.

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Infrastructural Development – Government should construct new and maintain existing
infrastructural facilities such as roads, railways, airports and seaports etc. stabilize, expand
and improve on electricity power supply, water supply etc. to encourage business and
economic productions, and to improve the quality of life.

Religious Organizations - Churches and Mosques should increase their efforts in inculcating
in their members the fear of God, desirable attitudes and values that enhance common
good. Religious leaders should emphatically condemn corruption among their members
especially the influential ones and those in secular positions of authority. To do this
effectively, they should shun gifts and also live above board in all their dealings.

Sub-Topic 3:Measures of solving social problems: Public Opinion Leaders, School, Personal
Discipline and Security Organizations:

Public Opinion Leaders - Public opinion leaders are citizens who stand for the common good
of the country and speak against the ills of the society. They should not relent on their
efforts and should be protected by law. The press should be given unfettered freedom to
practice their profession in accordance to the law. The press should not fail to publish the
opinions of the public in the mass media.

School: The School is a formal agent of socialization. The teaching of citizenship education,
civic education, social and religious studies in schools will help to solve some of these
problems. Schools should be equipped with needed facilities that will enhance quality
education whose products will not become vagrants and miscreants in society.

Personal Discipline - if individuals engage in self-discipline which is self-control that brings

about emotional stability, train members of their family to do the same, there would be a
reduction of contemporarysocial problems in our country. Saying ‘No’ to immoral sexual
allurements or demands from the opposite sex.

Security Organizations – The police, the SSS, and other security agencies should be given
specialized training on how to detect crimes and fish out criminals of all descriptions,
whether terrorists, suicide bombers, militants, armed robbers, kidnappers etc. and bring
them to face the law.

EVALUATION

1. How can job creation solve social problems?

2. Mention ways by which religious organizations contribute to solving social
problems.
GENERAL EVALUATION

1. What is the rule of law and how can it solve social problems?

2. In which ways can government policies help to solve social problems

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3.What roles can the school play in solving social problems?

4.Why are security organizations necessary in the society?

5. Mention five measures of solving contemporary social problems.

6. Explain four of the measures you have listed.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT (Objective Test)

1. All but one of the following agents can assist in solving contemporary problems
(a) Church (b) Mosque (c) Delinquents (d) Non-Governmental organization.
2. The full meaning of EFCC is…………………………………………..
(a) Economic and Finance Crimes Commission (b) Economic and Finance
Corporate Commission (c) Emergency Finance Crimes Commission (d)
Endowment Fiscal Crimes Commission.
3. Internet or Cyber fraud to………… (a) Drug abuse (b) Ritual killing (c) Lack of
parental love and care (d) Influence of mass media.
4. ------------- corrects the ills in our country (a) rule of law (b) civil society(c)
government policy (d) public opinion leaders
5. Contemporary social problems can be eradicated if we obey ------------ of the
country (a) government policies (b) school principals (c) personal laws (d) the
rule of law

READING ASSIGNMENT: Read: New Syllabus on Social Studies for Junior Secondary Schools
by A. OlusolaOyewole (2009). Basic Seven. Solakat Unique Press and Bookshop. Theme 6,
Chapter 11, Unit 11.4, Page 69.
PRE-READING ASSIGNMENT: Read about the need for safety and safety measures in the
home, school and workplace.

WEEK 6
Date:…………………………

TOPIC: OUR ROLES IN PROMOTING SAFETY IN OUR COMMUNITY.

CONTENT:

- Need for safety.

- Safety measures in the Home, School and Workplaces.

SUB-TOPIC 1:NEED FOR SAFETY.

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SUB-TOPIC 1: THE NEED FOR SAFETY

Safety is the state of being safe. It is the condition of being protected against physical,
social, financial, political, emotional and occupational hazard. Safety in the environment
involves taking every precaution to ensure that the environment is safe for us to live in.
Reasons for safety in the environment include the following:-

(i) A safe environment is a hazard-free environment.

(ii) To sustain the environment so that present and future generations can be
supported by the environment.
(iii) To preserve natural beauty of our environment.
(iv) To reduce health-related risks in order to prolong life.

The need for safety is very important as it would to a large extent reduce the accident rates
at home, school and working place.

SUB-TOPIC 2: SAFETY MEASURES IN THE HOME, SCHOOL AND WORKPLACE.

SAFETY MEASURES AT HOME

1. The home and its surroundings should be kept clean always by sweeping the floor and
clearing the bushes.

2. Dangerous household utensils such as knife and cutlass should be kept out of the reach of
children.

3. Electrical faults should be handled by the experts.

4. Broken glasses, bottles and plastics should be carefully disposed by burying them.

5. The home should be well ventilated.

6. To prevent fire outbreak, the use of candle at home should be used with caution.

7. A generator should never be placed inside a house.

8. The drainage should be clean and unused water containers should be disposed off to
avoid breeding of mosquitoes.

9. A well stocked first aid kit to deal with emergencies should be available.

10. Avoid playing with cooking gas.

WHAT TO DO IF A COOKING GAS CYLINDER LEAKS

1. Open the windows.

2. Evacuate the house, especially children and the elderly.
3. Never ignite any match stick or light any type of fire.

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 4. Do not turn on electrical switch (A tiny spark from the switch is enough to
ignite fire).
5. Take out the leaking cylinder and put it in open air

WHAT TO DO IN CASE OF FIRE OUTBREAK

1. Put out the flame with sand and/or water, but do not use water to put
off an electrical fire.
2. Never run if you clothes are on fire. It will only fan the fire. To douse
your clothes of fire, roll on the floor. Better still, wrap yourself with
woollen blank and roll on the floor. Tie a wet cloth around your face.
Crawl along the floor to escape. Remember the air at the ground level
is cleaner as hot air and smoke rise upwards.

SAFE USE OF ELECTRICITY AT HOME

1. Do not attach too many appliances on a single socket. It will overheat the wires and cause
short circuit.

2. Do not touch any electric switch or appliance with wet hands as water is a good
conductor of electricity and will cause a shock.

3. Wires should not pass through the door frames as constant opening and closing of doors
will damage the wire covering.

4. Never remove plugs from the socket by pulling the wire. Pull out the plug itself.

5. Old and worn out wiring should be changed promptly. All electrical appliances should
have earth connection. For this, three pin plug should be used. ‘Earthing’ makes appliances
relatively safer to use.

6. No electric wire should cross any heating device.

7. Electrical socket should not be directly exposed to water to prevent electrocution.

8. Wear rubber slippers while handling electrical appliances.

9. Keep electrical appliances on a wooden board as wood is a bad conductor of electricity.

SAFETY MEASURES AT SCHOOL

1. The school building must be well constructed with the right materials to prevent it from
collapsing.

2. School laboratory should have apartments or cabinets where dangerous chemicals are
kept and locked up. Students should be guided by a teacher during practical classes.

3. A well-stocked first aid kit should be available in the school.

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4. Students should be properly monitored during sporting activities by a sport specialists.

5. Physical fight between students should attract strict penalty and the students should be
well informed about this.

SAFETY MEASURES AT WORK

The nature of safety measures at workplace depends on the produce of the company. The
labour laws in Nigeria emphasize the need for safety measures at workplace.

1. Workers should be properly trained before handling any instrument that can cause bodily
harm.

2. Naked light should be kept away from inflammable materials.

3. A factory or workplace should have a safety manager.

4. Workers should be properly educated on safety measures peculiar to their work place.

5. Electrical works should be carefully done and handled by experts.

6. Employees must wear body and eye protective covering when needed. Welders,
machinists, carpenters, and factory workers may encounter work that can be harmful to the
eyes if protective coverings are not worn.

7. A worker should have a health care unit with a well-stocked first aid kit and medical
personnel.

8. Make sure appropriate ventilation is available at the workplace. Fumes from certain
materials may cause damage if proper safety is not followed.

EVALUATION

1. What is safety?
2. Why is safety important at home, school and workplace?

EVALUATION (Essay questions)

(1) List three causes of road accident.

(2) State two accidents at home.
(3) List 3 safety measures at school.
(4) List three safety measures at home.
(5) Suggest urgent actions to take in case of sudden fire outbreak.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT( Objective tests)

1) Which of the following is a poor conductor of electricity? (a) Iron (b) Water (c) Wire (d)
Dry wood

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2) One of these cannot cause accident at home. (a) sharp object. (b) hot water (c) clean
environment (d)naked light
3) Bruises happen when __________ (a) the body is knocked against an object. (b) hot
water burns the skin. (c) sharp objects cut the body.(d)rain falls
4) One of these is a Safety measures at school---------(a)rain fall (b)singing in the school (c)a
well stocked first aid kit should be available in the school.(b) none of the above.(c)all of
the above.
5) The first thing to do when electricity sparks into flame is (a) pour water to quench the
fire (b) switch off and remove the socket (c) remove your clothes and enter into the fire
(d) pull down the whole house to quench the fire
6) Which of the following is NOT a correct way of using electrical appliances? (a) Using the
stabilizer to regulate electric current to the appliances (b) Putting off electrical appliances after
use (c) Regular maintenance of the appliances (d) Testing the hotness of the appliances on wet
materials
7) Which of the following is an electrical appliance in the home? (a) Blender (b) Cooking
pot (c) Stone grinder (d) Kerosene stove
8) Fire outbreak in the home can be as a result of (a) unplugging electrical appliance after
use (b) nonpayment of electricity bill (c) purchase of new appliances (d) proper use of
electrical appliances

READINGASSIGNMENT: Read about safety guidelines for pedestrians, cyclists, motor cyclists,
motorists, etc.

WEEK 7 – MID-TERM BREAK

DATE _________________________

WEEK 8-9
DATE:…………………………

TOPIC: OUR ROLES IN PROMOTING SAFETY IN OUR COMMUNITY.

CONTENT: SAFETY GUIDELINES FOR PEDESTRIANS, CYCLISTS, MOTORISTS, ETC.

SUB-TOPIC 1: TRAFFIC RULES AND REGULATIONS

Traffic rules and regulations refer to a set of laws prepared for road casers on how to behave on the
road.

ROAD SIGNS AND TRAFFIC LIGHTS

Every day, we come across many signs on our roads.

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Such signs include:

1. Traffic Lights: This is usually located at cross-roads junctions. Traffic lights has three
colours, which are green, amber and red.

Each colour gives specific instruction to road users,.

E.g. Amber ( Yellow light) indicates get ready to go

Green means go while red means stop.

cvvv

TRAFFIC LIGHT

2. Zebra Crossing: This is used to indicate where pedestrians(people walking) can

safely cross the road. Once a pedestrian steps on the zebra line, motorists,
motorcyclists and bicycle riders are expected to stop. Zebra crossing are usually
constructed in front of schools, hospital, markets and busy spots.

3. Road Diversion: it is a roads sign that prepares road users for a change in the
direction of the road.

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 4. Hill Sign: The hill sign means to inform road users about the hill nature of the road
ahead.
5. Road Block: Are stops on the road usually for security checks e.g. the police check
point, customs, immigration and federal Road safely commission ( FRSC)

CAUSES OF ROAD ACCIDENTS

Road accidents are caused by a number of factors.

These include:
1. Over-speeding- many motorists are usually in a hurry and the drive at high speed
in disregard for the official speed limit.
2. Bad-roads: poor condition of road, either as a result, of not tarred or lack of
proper maintenance may leads to road accident. e. g. bumps, pot-hole and
dangerous sport on the road.
3. Under-aged driver: Another causes of road accidents is the abuse of driving
regulations by under-aged children. Such children take their parent’s vehicles
without permission. Thereby constituting hazard to other road users
4. Ignorance- Some road users cannot read and interpret road signs. This is risky for
other road users. There are some driver who never attended any driving school
before getting on the road. Such driver are easily involved in road accidents.
5. Drunkenness: Accidents in most cases, occur on our roads as a result of some
drivers who drinks alcohol before embarking on trip. It is very dangerous to
drinks before and when driving

SUB TOPIC 2: CONSEQUENCES OF NOT OBEYING TRAFFIC RULES

Traffic rules and regulations are meant to act as guide to all road users.

1. Road accidents
2. Disabilities
3. Loss of valuable property
4. Economic depression
5. Traffic jams
6. Loss of valuable man-hour

Traffic rules and regulations

These are rules and regulations made by government to ensure safety of all road users.
Some of the rules are

(a) Motorists should obey speed limit.

(b) Drivers should obey traffic lights.
(c) Motorists should not drive when drunk.
(d) Pedestrians should use pedestrian bridges where available.

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 (e) Vehicles should be properly parked when the need arises.
(f) Motorist should obey traffic controllers such as traffic, police, federal road safety
corps.
(g) Motorists should not use telephone while driving.
(h) Road users should not prevent or interrupt the free flow of traffic or cause
danger or damage to traffic by placing or abandoning any object in the road.
(i) Pedestrian should use road pavement while walking.
(j) Pedestrians should look left and right before crossing.
(k) Motorists should slow down when approaching such intersection, junction at
which traffic is not being regulated.
(l) Motorists or motorcyclists should not apply break abruptly unless it is necessary
to do so for safety reasons.
(m) Motorcyclists should put on their crash helmet while riding.
(n) Motorists should not overtake when being overtaken, increase speed or do
anything in any way to prevent the other vehicle from passing him.

EVALUATION

1. Mention three causes of road accident?

2. Explain what each colour in the traffic light mans
3. What are traffic rules and regulation

GENERAL EVALUATION(Essay questions)

1) Mention five rules and regulations that road users should obeyed.
2) List four consequences of disobeying Traffic rules.
3) Mention three causes of road accident?
4) Explain what each colour in the traffic light mans
5) What are traffic rules and regulations?

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT (Objective questions)

1. Road accidents occur as a result of ___________ rules and regulation

(a) Disobeying traffic (b) respecting traffic (c) responding to traffic controller (d)
controlling speed limits
2. The traffic light red colour means that vehicle should __________
(a) Keeping moving (b) parked (c) continue (d) stop
3. Obligations are the ________ of a citizen
(a) Commitment (b) right (c) duties (d) failure
4. The civic responsibilities of a citizen includes all expect
(a) Obeying the laws of the state (b) maintain peace and order (c) protecting
criminal (d) enlisting in the armed forces
5. Failure to performance one’s duty leads to

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 (a) Promotion of unity and peace (b) total breakdown of law and order (c)
embezzlement of public funds (d) Economic sabotage

READINGASSIGNMENT:Read all the contents in the e-learning notes in preparation for 3rd
term examination.

WEEK 10. REVISION OF THE WHOLE CONTENT IN PREPARATION FOR 3RD TERM EXAMINATION.
WEEK11-13. EXAMINATION

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